Working for Water A decade in Biocontrol Implementation Debbie Sharp DEA: EP
Twenty million hectares of South Africa were found to be invaded an area twice as large as previous estimates (i.e. the 1997 rapid reconnaissance using an expert-knowledge approach).
The estimated distribution of invasion (1,839,667 condensed hectares ) 82,852 ha 207,894 ha 26,986 ha 70,795 ha 327,547 ha 91,379 ha 359,077 ha 460,185 ha 212,952 ha
Projected cost (R35.6bn) to control existing biomass (mechanically & chemically) R2,8bn R3,6bn R0,9bn R1,2bn R6,4bn R1,9bn R6,9bn R8,0bn R3,9bn
Background Biocontrol implementation commenced in earnest in 2000 - WfW 2000 1 BCO 2004 6 BCO Original budget R 415 000 Current budget R 35m, with R18.9m for implementation Emphasis on job creation & monitoring
Biocontrol agents releases 2011
Working for Water Expenditure on Biological Control R,00018.3 2011/12 2012/13 1995-2012: Biological Control Research 18.3 18.3 133.6 Mass rearing of Bio-control Agents 2.3 2.3 31.2 Distribution of Bio-control Agents 6.8 18.4 30.0 Capacity-building for Biological Control * * 15.6 Total spent on Biological Control 27.4 39.0 210.4 Percentage of Working for Water Budget 3.6 3.5 3.0 The Working for Water budget includes aligned programmes (e.g. Working for Land). To this should be added the contributions from other sources: R8m quarantine facility at Cedara, from KZN Invasive Alien Species Programme R2.8m additional support from the KZN Invasive Alien Species Programme R8m contribution by the Agricultural Research Council (Plant Protection Research Institute) R3m contribution by the CSIR, tertiary institutions and private sector interests R0m from the Wattle Growers Association
Roodeplaat dam
Roodeplaat dam currently, thanks to Biocontrol and chemical control
Plants under biocontrol
Western Cape Biocontrol Sites No. sites Established 70 65 40 38 26 6 4 5 5 12 12 16 16 5 3 20 15 5 3 2 1 20 1817 9 9 1 1 Biocontrol agents
Acacia mearnsii biocontrol releases 2001-2011
Biocontrol monitoring team
Eastern Cape Biocontrol sites No. sites Established 169 99 61 67 47 36 20 27 21 1 12 4 4 20 5 6 1 6 7 3 12 2 8 12 3 9 1 1 16 5 1 8 11 12 19 17 1 Biocontrol agents
S. subsuturalis sites
Northern Cape Biocontrol sites No. sites Established 32 32 18 18 12 12 10 10 5 5 8 8 7 6 6 6 8 8 7 7 1 1 2 1
Biocontrol area until the rains came. Vaalharts weir
C. fulgida var. mammillata and C. cactorum
Freestate Biocontrol sites No. sites Established 48 45 36 36 21 21 16 10 6 2 4 3 3 3 6 3 6 6 7 5 M. maculatus C. cactorum C. salviniae Lysathia sp. C. cactorum L. texana E. catarinensis Neochetina sp. N. albugittalis O. terebrantis
North West Biocontrol sites No. sites Established 59 59 49 49 20 20 17 15 9 4 12 12 6 6 8 8 9 9 9 3 15 12 7 7 6 5
Large amount of data missing Emphasis on arid species O. salminana
KZN biocontrol sites No. sites Established 43 37 37 38 29 30 24 24 14 3 6 1 0 0 10 8 2 2 7 7 18 15 3 3 2 2 1 1 7 4 5 3 6 6 5 4 7 7 14 10 10 6 6 13 7 20
Gauteng Biocontrol sites No. sites Established 58 56 23 23 18 18 9 8 4 2 3 2 14 12 10 10 1 1 5 2 12 10 E. catarinensis Neochetina sp. N. albuguttalis O. terebrantis H. pungens M. maculatus Lysathia sp. C. cactorum N. affinis O. camarae C. salviniae
Mpumalanga Biocontrol sites No. sites established 36 35 29 27 23 25 21 22 22 2 2 1 6 9 5 1 1 7 1 2 8 5 12 3 4 14 2 2 15 2 15 3 5 8 12 3 3 5
Limpopo Biocontrol sites No. sites Established 45 31 29 30 29 32 17 14 8 8 4 0 8 8 4 4 1 4 1 1 8 4 6 6 9 7 6 6 7 7
F. Intermedia release site Pop up MRC C. visendi Community project H. pungens
Biocontrol sites 180 160 140 Biocontrol agents in South Africa 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 A. cyclops A. mearnsii A. podylirifolia A. filiculoides C. odorata H. sericea L. laevigatum O. ficus-indica O. inerme O. stricta P. aculeata S. molesta S. eleagnifolium S. sysimbrifolium E. crassipes M. aquaticum S. molesta A. mearnsii C. decapetala E. crassipes M. unguis-cati P. aculeata S. molesta C. jamacaru M. aquaticum P. stratiotes A. baileyana A. decurrens A. mearnsii A. podyrilifolia C. jamacaru E. crassipes L. camara M. unguis-cati O. aurantiaca O. ficus-indica P. stratoites S. punicea E. crassipes P. stratoites E. crassipes O. fulgida A. dealbata A. podyrilifolia A. saligna M. aquaticum S. molesta Eastern Cape Freestate Gauteng KZN Limpopo Mpumalanga North Northern West Cape Western Cape
So what s interesting?
Data sets not complete 40 000 releases from 1995-2011into 6000 sites Only 4420 sites have complete data sets Gaps in data where no data for years in some provinces Release data, monitoring data Presense/absense monitoring Post release evaluation monitoring Regional limits where agents established Regions were agents released but not found
REGION TARGET WEED COMMON NAME BIOCONTROL AGENT NUMBER RELEASED SITE LOCATION 2003-2011 GPS CO-ORDINATES LONGITU LATITUDE DE Mpumalanga Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle Melanterius maculatus 250 Weevils Hadeco - Paardeplaats 1st S 25.74283 E 30. 00367 Mpumalanga Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle Melanterius maculatus 250 Weevils Fins Estates S 25.71428 E 30.14744 Mpumalanga Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle Melanterius maculatus 250 Weevils Little Joker S 25.11115 E 30.62894 Mpumalanga Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle Melanterius maculatus 250 Weevils Rod's Place - Blyde River Mpumalanga Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle Melanterius maculatus 250 Weevils O'Keef's Ruin - Blyde River S 24.71287 E 30.88706 Mpumalanga Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle Melanterius maculatus 600 Weevils Lydenburg - MP Parksboard Mpumalanga Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle Melanterius maculatus 450 Weevils L. Smith - Roossenekal S 25.22712 E 30.05966 Mpumalanga Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle Melanterius maculatus 400 Weevils Blaauwboschkraal 1st S 25.60038 E 30.29347 Mpumalanga Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle Melanterius maculatus 200 Weevils Hadeco - Paardeplaats 2nd S 25.74283 E 30. 00367 DATE RELEASED MONITORING STATUS Eastern Cape Opuntia aurantiaca Jointed cactus Dactylopius austrinus Harefield 2003-03-14 Eastern Cape Opuntia aurantiaca Jointed cactus Dactylopius austrinus Die Flakje 2003-04-01 Eastern Cape Opuntia aurantiaca Jointed cactus Dactylopius austrinus Kommieskraal 2003-04-09 Eastern Cape Opuntia aurantiaca Jointed cactus Dactylopius austrinus Spitskop 2003-05-19 Eastern Cape Opuntia aurantiaca Jointed cactus Dactylopius austrinus Windy Ridge 2003-05-20 Eastern Cape Opuntia aurantiaca Jointed cactus Dactylopius austrinus Waterfall 2003-06-04 Eastern Cape Opuntia aurantiaca Jointed cactus Dactylopius austrinus 26000 Primeston 2003-08-22 Eastern Cape Opuntia aurantiaca Jointed cactus Dactylopius austrinus 56000 Mountain Zebra National Parks 32.143611 25.516944 2003-09-29
So now? Ensure data completion and assessment National database on all biocontrol data All parties to submit data Release, selection, monitoring data forms upgraded Database of BC agents against plants
PAM teams to get baseline data Templates developed to use Information, including photo s downloaded Forms basis of NBD Baseline data available online, but GPS coordinates hidden
Melanterius Melanterius Melanterius Trichilogaster Melanterius Trichilogaster Melanterius Uromycladium Aphanasium Erytenna Carposina Cydmaea Chrysolina Parectopa Dasineura rubiformis maculatus servulus* Dasineura dielsii ventralis acacialongifoliae acaciae signiventris compactus tepperianum australe consputa autologa binotata Dicomada rufa quadrigemina Zeuxidiplosis giardi thalassias Dasineura sp. NONE, plant only Acacia baileyana Acacia cyclops Acacia dealbata Acacia decurrens Acacia longifolia Acacia mearnsii Acacia melanoxylon Acacia podalyriifolia Acacia pycnantha Acacia saligna Hakea gibbosa Hakea sericea Paraserianthes lophanta* Hypericum perforatum Leptospermum laevigatum Plants and their BC agents Example Fynbos weeds
Future candidates for WfW and biocontrol?
So what are the questions that need answering?
Can we use the data of where agents are to predict which agents prefer what environments? Can we use the substantial spread as indication of success? Will the PAM be indicative of where the agents have gone? Can we use PAM to pick up gaps in dispersal? Will a national database be beneficial? And to whom? How does this link in with other programmes SANBI (Cybertracker) Will the app for biocontrol be used? Can this system talk to cybertracker data?
Sometimes it is quite difficult to implement Biocontrol.. Dankie Thank you Siyabonga