Stefano Musacchi 1 Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 2 Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, 98801 Interpera 2017 Wenatchee, WA June 15-16, 2017
The Breading program: The Pear breeding program started at Bologna in 1990. In 2007 the CIV joint the program. In 2014 agreement with Unibo, CIV and WSU to maintain Stefano Musacchi as Scientific supervisor of the pear breeding program.
Harvest calendar: Carmen* PE2UNIBO* (Early Giulia TM ) PE1UNIBO* (Lucy Sweet TM ) PE3UNIBO* (Green Debby TM ) Bartlett PE4UNIBO* (Lucy Red TM ) Abate Fétel 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 25 30 5 July August September 10
Harvest date: last decade of July-early August (10 days before William). Tree: Medium-high vigor, compatible with quince. High and constant yield. Bearing habit like Abbè Fétel mainly on 2 years old branch. Very dwarfing rootstocks like Quince C can reduce fruit size. Fruit: Medium size (170-180 g) and pyriform shape, Green skin, even at ripening, with slight russet, under conditions of high humidity russet can increase. Melting flesh and juicy, fine texture Very good flavour and sweetness Edible also crunchy due to the high level of sugar Storability: about 7 months in cold room at -1 C with no treatments against internal browning.
Blooming Average of the years: 2010-2016 Bartlett Abbe Fetel Carmen PE 1UNIBO*LucySweet
PE1 UNIBO*Lucy Sweet Planting Year: 2008 Rootstocks: MC: 3125 tree/ha Sydo: 2500 tree/ha Harvest date: 2010 6 August 2011 4 August 2012 2 August 2013 1 August 2014 25 July 2015 31 July 2016 29 July
PE1 UNIBO* Lucy Sweet Vigour Medium-to-high vigor, compatible with quince. Hand or chemical thinning is necessary No secondary flowering
Lucy Sweet TM PE1 UNIBO* Trial 2 - Cadriano Bologna Σ 2010-2016 High and constant yield Fruit of medium size
PE1- Lucy Sweet: Fruit weight average per year year of planting rootstock planting distances density 2010 (g) 2011 (g) 2012 (g) 2013 (g) 2014 (g) PE1UNIBO 2008 MC 4 m x 0,8 m 3125 tree/ha= 1265 trees/a 189 192 159 162 155 Quince MC is too dwarfing and it is not recommended PE1UNIBO 2008 SYDO 4 m x 1 m 2500 tree/ha=1012 trees/a 203 222 162 165 168 Weight for box N. of fruit Average (g) 18300 60 305 too big 18300 70 261 Second choise 18300 80 229 Optimum 18300 90 203 Optimum 18300 100 183 Optimum 18300 110 166 Second choise 18300 120 153 too small 18300 135 136 too small
Lucy Sweet TM PE1 UNIBO* Fruit Characteristics Pyriform shape, average size (170-180 g) Green skin, even at ripening, with slight russet from 10% to 50%. Melting flesh and juicy, fine texture Very good flavour and sweet High sugar content Low acid It can be eat when it is still crunchy as a pear snack Storability: about 5-6 months at normal cooling at -1 C with no treatments against internal browning.
PE1 UNIBO* Lucy Sweet TM Qualitative characteristics at harvest (Firmness: 5.5 kg) Variety Year Harvest date Solid soluble content ( brix) Acidity (g/l) PE1UNIBO* LucySweet 2016 29-Jul 17.0 2.5 Bartlett 08-Aug 14.8 3.2 PE1UNIBO* LucySweet 2015 31-Jul 15.0 2.1 Bartlett 11-Aug 15.1 3.0 PE1UNIBO* LucySweet 2014 28-Jul 17.2 2.4 Bartlett 10-Aug 15.4 2.8
PE1 UNIBO* Lucy Sweet TM PANEL TEST: Crunchy pear Vs Melting Pear Melting and Juicy or Crispy as Snack pear?
Lucy Sweet TM PE1 UNIBO* Post-harvest trial Harvest time: 02/08/2012 End storage: 24/01/2013-05/02 Storability 180 days Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere: T. -0,5 C, CO2 <0,8 %, O2 0,7-1,3 % Date Fruit weight (g) SSR ( Brix) Firmness (Kg) Acidity (g/l) Juicy (%) Harvest time 02/08/12 189 15.0 7.2 3.0 7.6 End storage 24/01/13 175 17.2 4.6 1.9 6.5 Shelf life (10 days) 04/02/13 185 17.0 4.6 1.9 5.2 Good fruit Rot fruit Damaged fruit Scab Withered fruit 94% 1% 4% 0% 1% Fondazione Edmund Mach - IASMA - CTT - U.FSF
Harvest date: last decade of July (15 days before William). Tree: Medium vigor, compatible with quince. High and constant yield. Bearing habitus on 2 years old branch and 1 year shoot. Fruit: Medium-large size (240 g), pyriform shape, Green skin (yellow to ripening) with 20-30% overcolor. Flesh white, crispy, juicy and fine texture. Very good flavour, sweet and quite acid Storability: about 5 months in cold room at -1 C with no treatments against internal browning.
Early GiuliaTM PE2 UNIBO*
Early GiuliaTM PE2 UNIBO* Early harvest Large size High productivity Early bearing Interesting for high density planting Medium-high vigor, compatible with quince. Bearing habit on 2-years-old branches and 1-year-old shoots.
Early Giulia TM PE2 UNIBO*
Early Giulia TM PE2 UNIBO* Large fruit size (240 g), pyriform shape. Fruit Green skin (yellow at ripening) with 20-30% overcolor. Flesh white, crispy and juicy and fine texture. Firmness (kg/0.5 cm2) SSR ( Brix) Acidity (g/l) 15 10 5 0 13.5 13.7 13.4 Brix 3.9 3.6 3.0 g/l 4.7 3.7 1.1 kg Harvest time End storage 90 days Shelf life Sweet and quite acid Storability: about 5-6 months in cold room at -1 C with no treatments against internal browning.
Early Giulia TM PE2 UNIBO* Post-harvest trial Harvest time: 02/08/2012 End storage: 24/01/2013-05/02 Storability 180 days Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere: T. -0,5 C, CO2 <0,8 %, O2 0,7-1,3 % Date Fruit weight (g) SSR ( Brix) Firmness (Kg) Acidity (g/l) Juicy (%) Harvest time 02/08/12 231 14.3 6.9 4.5 5.0 End storage 24/01/13 225 17.4 4.4 3.5 10.3 Shelf life (10 days) 04/02/13 216 16.8 4.3 2.8 9.2 Good fruit Rot fruit Damaged fruit Scab Withered fruit 89% 0% 9% 0% 1% Fondazione Edmund Mach - IASMA - CTT - U.FSF
Cultivar PE2- Early Giulia: Fruit weight average (g) location year of planting rootstock PE2 UNIBO SA26 2009 BH/BA29 4 m x 1,2 m PE2 UNIBO SA26 2008 SYDO 4 m x 1 m PE2 UNIBO Melloni 2011 BH/MH 3.5 m x 1 m PE2 UNIBO Melloni 2011 BH/SYDO 3.5 m x 1 m PE2 UNIBO Melloni 2011 BH/MC planting density density 2011 (g) 2012 (g) 2013 (g) 2014 (g) 2015 (g) 2016 (g) 2083 tree/ha=843 tree/a 286 282 178 247 177 226 3.5 m x 0.8 m 2500 tree/ha=1012 tree/a 282 273 164 257 174 218 2857 tree/ha=1156 tree/a 244 219 281 213 237 2857 tree/ha=1156 tree/a 244 210 281 208 194 3571 tree/ha=1445 tree/a 214 178 234 Weight for box N. of fruit Average (g) 18300 60 305 too big 18300 70 261 Second choise 18300 80 229 Optimum 18300 90 203 Optimum 18300 100 183 Optimum 18300 110 166 Second choise 18300 120 153 too small 18300 135 136 too small
Harvest date: first decade of August (-1 William). Tree: Medium vigor, compact habitus Compatible with quince High yield Bearing habitus on 2 years old branch and 1 year shoot. Late flowering Fruit: Medium size, elongated pyriform, Green skin, green-yellow at ripening Flesh white, melting and juicy Medium-fine texture Good flavour, sweet and quite acid Storability: about 5 months in cold room at -1 C with no treatments against internal browning.
Debby Green TM PE3 UNIBO* Medium vigor, compact habit Compatible with quince Bearing habit on spur and 2-3 years old branches Late flowering
Debby Green TM PE3 UNIBO* Early bearing Good productivity and constant yield Interesting for high density planting Trial - Cadriano - Σ2 nd -4 th years
Debby Green TM PE3 UNIBO* Medium size, elongated pyriform (long-necked shape) Green skin, green-yellow at ripening; blush in the exposed fruit Fruit Flesh white, melting and juicy Medium-fine texture 20 15 Firmness (kg/0.5 cm2) SSR ( Brix) Acidity (g/l) 13.0 15.5 15.2 Brix Good flavor 10 5 0 5.5 4.5 4.4 3.9 Harvest time End storage 90 days Shelf life 2.6 g/l 0.5 kg Good balance sweet /acid Storability: about 5-6 months in cold room at -1 C with no treatments against internal browning.
PE3- Debby Green: fruit weight average (g) Planting Combination Distance Plant density 2011 (g) 2012 (g) 2013 (g) 2014 (g) 2015 (g) 2016 (g) 2011 BH/MH 3.5 m x 1 m 2011 BH/SYDO 3.5 m x 1 m 2857 trees/ha = 1156 trees/a 186 175 203 178 2857 trees/ha = 1156 trees/a 178 175 197 174 192 2011 BH/MC 3.5 m x 0.8 m Quince MC is too dwarfing and it is not recommended 3571 trees/ha = 1445 trees/a 172 175 182 176 2009 BH/BA29 4 m x 1.2 m 2083 trees/ha = 843 trees/a 274 183 202 188 155 183 Weight for box N. of fruit Average (g) 18300 60 305 too big 18300 70 261 Second choise 18300 80 229 Optimum 18300 90 203 Optimum 18300 100 183 Optimum 18300 110 166 Second choise 18300 120 153 too small 18300 135 136 too small
Harvest time: Last decade of August Tree: Medium vigor Incompatible with quince Production mainly on one-year old wood and 2-years old wood Late bloom Fruit: large size over 200 g shape similar to Abbe Fétel. Overcolor 80-90% of the surface White flesh crunchy and juicy at full ripening
Lucy Red TM PE4 UNIBO*
Lucy Red TM PE4UNIBO* Medium productivity Large size of fruit Trial 1 - Cadriano Σ2 nd - 8 th years
Lucy Red TM PE4UNIBO* Fruit shape: similar to Abate Fétel (long-necked shape) Fruit Overcolor on 80-90% of the surface Taste: slightly aromatic 16.0 Firmness Brix acidity 13.2 14.1 12.0 Crispy, 8.0 4.0 0.0 4.9 3.3 Harvest time 2.8 1.8 postharvest - Shelf life sweet/acid balanced Storability: about 5-6 months in cold room at -1 C with no treatments against internal browning.
Test of Fire Blight susceptibility 2014 % plant with necrosis 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 25 Early Giulia Lecy Red Debby Green Lucy Sweet 0132-64 Abate Harrow sweet Erwinia amylovora (1,75x108 cells ml-1) Harvest qeen 20 Erwinia amylovora (1,75x10 8 cells ml -1 ) Necrosis lenght(cm) 15 10 5 0 Early Giulia Lucy Red Debby Green Lucy Sweet 0132-64 Abate Harrow sweet Harvest qeen
4 cultivars 4 different fruit types Lucy Sweet Sweet and aromatic taste (low acid) Melting and Juicy Crispy (Snack pear) Early Giulia Slight acid and sweet; crispy Early ripening Good appearance and large size Debby Green Melting flesh; aromatic and good balance sweet/acid Compact tree Lucy Red Sweet taste Good appearance Red skin
Collaborators: Vincenzo Ancarani, Francesco Spinelli Silviero Sansavini Thanks for your attention
Stefano Musacchi 1 Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 2 Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, 98801 Interpera 2017 Wenatchee, WA June 15-16, 2017
Passe Crassane (1885) Rocha (1836) Blanquilla (<1700) Conference (1885) William = Bartlett (1765) Pear cultivar Beurre Anjou introduced to America around 1842. Beurre Bosc ( 1830) Max Red Bartlett (1938) Doyenne du Comice (1849) Abbe Fetel (1876)
Main areas of pear production Italy > Abbe Fetel (41%) Spain > Conference (38%) and Blanquilla (20%) Portogal > Rocha (95%) Belgium and Holland > Conference (88% e 79%) Washington USA> Anjou (59%) and Bartlett (21%) California USA > William= Bartlett (60%) South Africa (11.431 ha)> Packham s (29%) Forelle (26%), William Bon Chretien (16%), Early Bon Chretien (10%), Abate Fetel (5%), Rosemarie (3%) Argentina > Bartlett (44%) and Packham s (25%) Chile (10.000 ha) > Packham s 55%, Bosc (11%), Abbe Fetel (843 ha), Forelle, Carmen (120 ha), Flamingo (15 ha) www.novagrim.com
Abate Fetel produced in Russia Krasnodar Abate Fetel produced in Brasil Santa Caterina Environmental effect on fruit crop Abate Fetel produced in Uruguay Abate Fetel produced in Italy Abate Fetel produced in Argentina Mendoza
Ownrooted Fox 11 Farold 69 Farold 40 Sydo BA 29