Post Harvest Management and Value Addition for Tribal Areas Dr. Sanjaya Kumar Dash Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology Bhubaneswar
OUTLINE Equipment Mahua seed decorticator Mahua stamen remover Pineapple corer and slicer Turmeric polisher Evaporative cool chamber Value added products Mahua Pineapple Jamun Ragi Grain amaranthus Stone apple Ginger
VALUE CHAIN OF MAHUA Mahua Flower Mahua fruit Net Collection Mahua seed Solar Tunnel Drying Mahua seed decorticator Stamen Removal Kernel Hull Stamen Cleaned mahua flower Value added products Oil expeller Refining unit Toffee Bar Jam Laddu Cake Squash
OUAT Mahua seed decorticator (power operated) Function: Decortication of mahua seed period to milling Capacity : 100 kg/h Cost: Rs. 25,000 with 1 hp motor (approx.) Cost of operation: Rs. 22.50 per hour operation (Rs. 0.25 per kg)(manual method Rs. 2.50 per kg) Farmer s benefit: Higher capacity (100 kg/h compared to 5 kg/h by beating method) Labour saving and drudgery reduction Mahua seed can be used for oil extraction. Manufacturer: M/s Akriti, Bamra, Sambalpur
OUAT Mahua seed decorticator (manual) OUAT mahua seed decorticator
OUAT Mahua seed decorticator (manual) Function: Decortication of mahua seed period to milling Capacity : 10 kg/h Cost: Rs. 2,000 (approx.) Cost of operation: Rs. 1.30 per kg of seed (Manual method Rs. 2.50) Farmer s benefit: Higher capacity (10 kg/h mechanical system; 5 kg/h by beating method) Labour saving and drudgery reduction Mahua seed can be used for oil extraction. Manufacturer: M/s Akriti, Bamra, Sambalpur
OUAT Mahua flower stamen remover
OUAT Mahua flower stamen remover
OUAT Mahua flower stamen remover Function: Removal of stamen of mahua flower for food use Capacity : 20 kg/h for power operated (with 0.5 hp motor) 16 kg/h for pedal operated Cost: Rs. 15,000 with motor and Rs. 12,000 without motor Cost of operation: Rs. 1.80 per kg of flower, (Manual method Rs. 4.20) Farmer s benefit: Higher capacity (20 kg/h mechanical system; 3 kg/h for manual method) Labour saving and drudgery reduction Mahua flower can be used for food use. Manufacturer: M/s Akriti, Bamra, Sambalpur
Other value chain interventions in Mahua Net collection system for mahua Flower damage Nil, Tradition method - 22.2 % (12mX12m Agri shade net costing Rs. 3900/-) Drying Drying time of mahua flower from 79.9% to 15.5% m.c.(wb) Low Tunnel solar dryer 3 days, Sun drying method 5 days (7mX3.5m 100 micron UV stabilised polyethylene, bamboo, rope Rs 2265/-) Hygienic flower collection for better quality to be used as food Drudgery reduction and increased capacity Solar low tunnel dryer Dried mahua flower
OUAT Pineapple Peeler-cum-Corer
Pineapple peeler-cum-corer Function: Peeling, core removal and slicing of pineapple simultaneously Capacity : 20 no/h Cost: Rs. 600 Farmer s benefit : Higher capacity (20 no/h in this unit; 10 nos./h in manual method) Convenient, Labour saving and drudgery reduction Can be used for preparation of osmo-dehydrated pineapple rings
OUAT Turmeric polisher (Pedal operated)
OUAT Turmeric polisher (Pedal operated) Function: Removal of outer skin and dirt from dried turmeric rhizomes and improving colour which fetches higher market price. Polishing is done prior to milling to improve the quality of powder. Capacity : 30 kg per batch Cost: Rs. 15,000/- Cost of operation: Rs. 1.50 per kg Farmer s benefit: Selling turmeric at higher price Better quality turmeric powder
Portable evaporatively cooled vegetable storage cabinet Function: Temporary storage of vegetables in the cabinet at 5-6 C less temperature than ambient with more than 80% RH Extends the shelf life by 2-4 days Capacity : 30 kg Cost: Rs. 10,000/- Cost of operation: Rs. 0.40 /kg of vegetable per day Farmer s benefit: Short term storage for 2-4 days Loss reduction Can be used by vegetable vendors Manufacturer: M/s Akriti, Bamra, Sambalpur
VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS
Collection and marketing of mahua flower Spreading of shade net under the canopy of the tree Collection of mahua flower after they set in on the net, 1050 kg Thin layer drying of mahua flower in the UV stabilized low tunnel dryer, 600 kg Removal of stamen from the mahua flower by stamen remover(manually operated/power operated developed by OUAT, Bhubaneswar) Packaging of mahua flower, 567.5 kg Stamen, 32.5 kg
Collection and marketing of mahua seed Harvesting of mahua fruit from 10 nos. tree, 620kg Keeping of mahua fruits in a closed room for 24 hrs for ripening Deseeding and washing of mahua seed Pulp for compost(155kg) Decortication of mahua seed by mahua seed decorticator, 465kg Hulls for fuel(83kg) Drying of mahua seed in the UV stabilised low tunnel dryer, 382kg
Value added mahua products
Preparation of Mahua flower candy Mahua flower Mahua flower Mahua flower Mahua flower Mahua flower candy 22 kg Cleaned dried mahua flower, 10 kg Steeping for 24 hrs Straining Make up sugar solution to 60% by boiling and steeping for 24 hours Straining Make up sugar solution to 65% by boiling and steeping for 24 hours Straining Make up sugar solution to 70% by boiling and steeping for 24 hours Straining Make up sugar solution to 75% by boiling and steeping for 24 hours Straining Shade drying or low temperature drying 40% Sugar solution Water(24 kg)+sugar(16 kg) Residual Sugar solution 30 kg with 37% TSS Residual Sugar solution 18.5 kg with 58% TSS Residual Sugar solution 16.5 kg with 64% TSS Residual Sugar solution 15 kg with 69% TSS Residual Sugar solution 14 kg with 74% TSS Dried candy 18 kg
Preparation of Mahua flower RTS Water 36 kg Residual sugar solution from candy preparation, 14kg(TSS 74% ) Boiling for 10 min Mahua Nectar 18% TSS 62.5 kg(56 l) 312 bottle of RTS/Nectar @ 200g(180 ml)per bottle Dry mahua flower, 3.6 kg, Water, 9 kg Soaking for 0.5 h Grinding Mahua pulp 12.5 kg (TSS 7%) Hot water sterilization Mahua nectar bottle
Preparation of Mahua cake Dried cleaned flower 3 kg Washing Cooking 10 min. with 0.75 l of milk Refined wheat flour, 10kg Pulping Mixing Filling of 500 cups of 50 g cap each by the paste Powdered Sugar: 7.5 kg Refined oil/ghee: 3.75 l Baking powder: 0.25 kg Edible soda: 0.05 kg Baking in the preheated oven at 200 0 C 500 nos. of mahua cup cakes
Preparation of Mahua squash Cleaned dried flower 10 kg Washing Sugar 8 Kg Water 8lit. Citric Acid 40 gm Cooking with 10 lit of water for 10 min. Straining in a net cloth Mahua mass Hot mixing Clarified Mohua juice (8 lit.) Scum & Water vapor (100 gm) Sugar syrup Mixing KMS (25 gm) Filling Sterilised bottles Sterilization Cleaning 20 bottles of squash 750 ml each Bottles
Preparation of Mahua ladoo Dried cleaned flower 10 kg Roasting Grinding Semolina, 10kg Mahua flower powder Roasting and Mixing Laddu mixture, 24 kg Sugar: 2.5 kg Refined oil/ghee: 1 l White sesame: 1 kg Fennel seed: 0.25kg Coconut powder: 0.5 kg Prepare laddu, 960 nos. @25g/laddu
Preparation of Mahua toffee Dried cleaned flower 10 kg Soaking with water 10 lit for 30 min. Grinding Mahua flower paste Concentration of the mixture Toffee mixture, 48 kg Sugar: 32 kg Citric acid: 400g Amul powder: 2 kg Butter: 2kg Preparation of toffee 8000 nos. @6g/toffee
Osmo-dehydrated pineapple ring and beverages Technology: Peeled and sliced pineapple are dipped in 59 o Brix sugar solution for 8 h followed by drying in tray dryer at 60 o C for 16 h The spent sugar solution can be used for preparation of different pineapple beverages such as squash, syrup and RTS, etc. Could be adopted as an entrepreneurial activity Profitability and sustainability of the technology : Profit of Rs. 10/- from one pineapple Farmer s benefit Utilisation by value addition of excess production Loss reduction Requirement : Dryer, juicer
Value added products from ragi Technology: Ragi and green gram are germinated separately followed by drying and roasting. The roasted samples were ground and mixed in the ratio of 50:50. Could be adopted as an entrepreneurial activity Profitability and sustainability of the technology : Profit of Rs. 20/- per kg of malt Farmer s benefit Used as weaning food Utilisation of under-utilised commodity Value addition Requirement : Germinator, Roaster, Dryer
Modified atmospheric packaging of Jamun Technology: Fresh jamun can be stored under MAP in Polypropylene packets 20*30cm (30µ with 4 pin holes) up to 30 days under refrigerated condition Jamun can also be stored in expanded polystyrene with cling film cover up to 30 days in refrigerated storage without scavengers. The shelf life can be further enhanced by 7 days (i.e. up to 37 days) under refrigerated condition using moisture and ethylene scavengers. Could be adopted as an entrepreneurial activity for marketing in departmental stores Profitability and sustainability of the technology : Profit of Rs. 10/- per kg of jamun in MAP Farmer s benefit Extending shelf life up to 30 days Loss reduction Requirement : Refrigeration facilities
Modified atmospheric packaging of Jamun Physiological weight loss of Jamun during storage (%) Type of sample Without scavenger With scavenger PLW (%) Day 8 Day 15 Day 22 Day 30 Day 37 Day 40 2.34±0.0 1 1.50±0.0 1 5.484±0.26 6.99±0.33 7.84±0.29 9.29±0. 57 17.89±1.83 4.37± 0.91 6.62± 0.87 7.02± 0.37 8.62± 0.52 13.69±1.45
Preparation of amaranthus malt and cracker Grain amaranth, ramdana (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) is an underutilized food grain. Utilisation of amaranthus for nutritional supplement could be taken up as an entrepreneurial activity. The amaranthus supplemented malt can be prepared by Amaranthus: GG: Ragi ::30 : 35: 35; roasting temperature: 65 C for 10 min. For cracker the wheat flour: amaranthus: :: 70:30, CMC(%) 0.325 to be used as stabiliser. Profit Rs. 8/- per kg of malt Amaranthus cracker
Value addition of cashew apple Cashew apple RTS Cashew apple Cashew apple squash Cashew apple Jelly Cashew apple Jam Cashew apple Pickle 31
Value addition of Stone apple Stone apple Jam Stone apple RTS Stone apple Moraba Stone apple Rings Stone apple Toffees Squash 32
Value added products from ginger 33 33 Sanjaya K Dash
For further details please contact: Head of the Department Agricultural Processing and Food Engineering or Research Engineer AICRP on Post Harvest Engineering and Technology Ph: 0674-2564774 College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology Bhubaneswar sk_dash1006@hotmail.com; Ph: +91-94372 05952 Also see us at: www.caet.org.in; sanjayakdash.blogspot.in