APPENDIX C - PLANTING LIST City of Charleston Manual BMP & Plant Lists General Guidance Vegetation is a crucial component of the Best Management Practices (BMPs) detailed in the Manual. Vegetation not only influences the beauty and aesthetic of the physical environment however it also performs a critical function in the performance of BMPs. Current research confirms the valuable role of plants, plant roots and soil in neutralizing, filtering, and taking up pollutants. Thus it is important to select plants and plant communities which thrive and perform in various site conditions. Understanding the site s sun exposure, soil conditions, moisture conditions will inform the designer on the appropriate plant palette to use in particular BMPs. As mentioned previously, it is recommended that projects be designed by landscape architects and/or horticulturalists with knowledge of native plants, local sources of native plants, as well as experience in the design, installation and management of the BMPs. Each site and each BMP require tailoring a planting plan to the various conditions, constraints and subtle nuances of topography, lighting, infiltration, drainage, and flood control strategies. The obvious design considerations are site context, site programming, microclimates, topography, irrigation potential, seasonal interest, and maintenance. The more delicate design considerations are extended ponding times, slight variations in planting zones, water velocity, habitat creation, and design controls which perform in extreme rain events. Yet another is the goal of achieving an aesthetic setting which may be cultivated versus naturalistic. The plants are grouped by: (1) trees, (2) shrubs, (3) perennials/annuals, (4) grasses and grass-like, and (5) ferns. This Plant List section is a reproduction from the West Virginia Management and Design Guidance Manual West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection November 2012 City of Charleston Manual v1.0 Appendix C - 1
Trees Acer negundo Box Elder Acer pennsylvanicum Striped Maple Acer rubrum Red Maple Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Acer saccharum Sugar Maple Aesculus flava Yellow Buckeye Aesculus glabra Ohio Buckeye Alnus incana spp. Rugosa Speckled Alder Amelanchier arborea Common Serviceberry Amelanchier canadensis Shadblow, Serviceberry Sun FAC+ Yes Part - Flood ; Winter food source for birds & mammals FACU No Attractive flowers; High wildlife value FAC Seasonal FACW Yes All Light FACU- Moderate All Light NI Moderate All Light FACU+ Moderate FACW+ Yes All Light FAC- Yes All Light FAC Yes Drought & flood ; Attractive flowers (early spring) & fruit Flood ; Winter food source for birds & mammals Tolerates moisture; Maple syrup; High wildlife value; Fall color Tolerates moisture; Attractive flowers & fruit Tolerates moisture; Attractive flowers & fruit Flood ; Attractive flowers; Winter food source for birds Drought & flood ; Attractive flowers; High wildlife value; Edible fruit (human Drought & flood ; Winter food source for birds & mammals Amelanchier laevis Allegheny Serviceberry All Light NI Yes Moderate flood tolerance; Drought intolerance; Attractive fruit; Fragrant flowers; Winter food source for birds; Edible fruit Appendix C- 2 City of Charleston Manual v1.0
APPENDIX C - PLANTING LIST City of Charleston Manual Aralia spinosa Devil s Walking Stick Asimina triloba Pawpaw FAC No Full Sun FACU+ No Betula alleghaniensis Yellow Birch FAC Yes Betula lenta Sweet Birch FACU No Betula nigra River Birch Carpinus caroliniana Ironwood, Am Hornbeam Carya alba Mockernut Hickory Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory Carya glabra Pignut Hickory Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory FACW Seasonal FAC Moderate NI No FACU+ Moderate FACU- No FACU- Moderate Celtis laevigata Sugarberry FACW Yes Flood ; Attractive flowers; Winter food source for birds Flood ; Attractive flowers; Food source for birds & mammals Attractive peeling bark; Yellowfall color; High wildlife value; Prefers cool & moist environment Attractive scaly bark; Aromatic; Golden yellow fall color; High wildlife value; Sap used to makebirch beer Drought & flood ; Attractive exfoliating bark; High wildlife value Flood ; Good fall color; Significant wildlife value Bright yellow fall color; Edible nuts; Significant wildlife value; Host for moths Flood ; Yellow fall color; Significant wildlife value; Host for moths Flood in; Golden yellow fall color; Moderate wildlife value & host for moths Moderate moisture; Attractive peeling bark; Moderate wildlife value; Edible nuts Drought & flood ; Significant food source for birds; Host for moths; Urban Tree City of Charleston Manual v1.0 Appendix C - 3
Celtis occidentalis Common Hackberry All Light FACU Seasonal Cercis canadensis Redbud FACU- No Chamaecyparis thyoides ** Atlantic White Cedar OBL Yes Chionanthus virginicus Fringe Tree FAC+ Yes Cornus alternifolia Pagoda Dogwood NI No Cornus florida Flowering Dogwood All Light FACU- Moderate Crataegus phaenopyrum Washington Hawthorn FAC Moderate Crataegus crus-galli Cockspur Hawthorn FACU No Crataegus viridus Green Hawthorn FACW Moderate Diospyros virginiana Persimmon FAC- No Fagus grandifolia American Beech FACU Moderate Drought & flood ; One of the best food & shelter plants for wildlife; Butterfly larvae host Drought ; Attractive flowers; Food source; Multi-stem Flood ; Attractive berries; Evergreen Flood ; Attractive flowers; Food source for birds Attractive flowers; Very significant wildlife value Attractive flowers; High wildlife value (migratory birds) Attractive flowers; Significant wildlife value Attractive flowers; Significant wildlife value Attractive flowers; Significant wildlife value flowers; High wildlife value; Edible fruit Flood & drought ; High wildlife value; Attractive bark; Edible nuts Appendix C- 4 City of Charleston Manual v1.0
APPENDIX C - PLANTING LIST City of Charleston Manual Fraxinus americana White Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Ilex opaca American Holly Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet Gum Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Poplar Magnolia tripetala Umbrella Magnolia Magnolia virginiana ** Sweetbay Magnolia Nyssa sylvatica Black Gum Pinus rigida Pitch Pine Pinus taeda ** Loblolly Pine Platanus occidentalis American Sycamore FACU Moderate FACW Moderate All Light FACU+ Limited Full Sun FACU No Can be weedy; Flood & drought ; Significant wildlife Value Can be weedy; Flood & drought ; Significant wildlife value Flood & drought ; Winter food source for birds; Evergreen Pollution ; Significant food source for birds FAC Moderate Significant food source FACU Moderate Significant food source FACU No FACW Yes All Light FACW+ Seaonsal Attractive flowers; Winter food source for birds Attractive flowers; High wildlife value; Evergreen fall color Full Sun FACU No High wildlife value; Evergreen Full Sun FAC- No High wildlife value; Evergreen Full Sun FACW- Moderate High wildlife value City of Charleston Manual v1.0 Appendix C - 5
Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Prunus virginiana Chokecherry Quercus ssp Oak Family Quercus bicolor Swamp Oak Quercus michauxii** Swamp Chestnut Oak Quercus palustris Pin Oak Sassafras albidum Sassafras Taxodium distichum** Bald Cypress Full Sun FAC Seasonal Drought ; High wildlife value Full Sun FACU No All Light NI Seasonal FACW+ Seasonal Full Sun FACW+ Seasonal High wildlife value Full Sun FACW Yes All Light FACU- No OBL Yes Tolerates some salt; Can be maintained as hedge Quercus family provides significant wildlife value Flood & drought ; High wildlife value Flood & drought ; High wildlife value flowers; High wildlife value Flood ; Food source for waterfowl Shrubs Aesculus pavia** Red Buckeye Alnus serrulata Hazel Alder Calycanthus floridus Eastern Sweetshrub FAG No Flood and drought ; Attractive flowers; Winter food source for birds OBL Yes Attractive flowers; High wildlife value All Light NI No flowers Appendix C- 6 City of Charleston Manual v1.0
APPENDIX C - PLANTING LIST City of Charleston Manual Ceonanthus americanus New Jersey Tea Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush Castanea pumila Chinkapin Clethra alnifolia ** Sweet Pepperbush Comptonia peregrina Sweet Fern Cornus alternafolia Alternateleaf Dogwood Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood Cornus racemosa Gray Dogwood Cornus sericea Red Osier Dogwood Corylus Americana American Hazelnut Euonymus americanus American Strawberry Bush Gaylussacia baccata Black Huckleberry NI No All Light OBL Yes flowers flowers; Significant wildlife value NI No Significant wildlife value FAC+ Yes Very high wildlife value; Very fragrant NI No High wildlife value NI No Flood ; High wildlife value FACW Seasonal High wildlife value NI No Attractive flowers; High wildlife value FACW+ No Attractive flowers, fruit and stems FACU+ No FAC No All Light FACU No Drought ; Attractive flowers; Edible fruit berries; High wildlife value berries; High wildlife value City of Charleston Manual v1.0 Appendix C - 7
Gaylussacia dumosa Dwarf Huckleberry Hamamelis virginiana Witchhazel Hydrangea arborenscens Wild Hydrangea Hypericaum densiflorum Dense St. John s Wort Hypericaum prolificum Shrubby St. John s Wort Ilex glabra ** Inkberry Ilex laevigata ** Smooth Winterberry Ilex verticilata Winterberry Itea virginica ** Virginia Sweetspire Kalmia angustifolia Sheep Laurel Kalmia latifolia Mountain Laurel Lindera benzoin Spicebush All Light FAC No All Light FAC_ No FACU No Attractive flowers FAC+ No FACU No All Light FACW- Seasonal OBL Yes All Light FACW+ Seasonal All Light OBL Yes FAC Moderate FACU Moderate All Light FACW- Yes berries; High wildlife value Attractive flowers; Winter food source for birds & mammals Flood ; Attractive flowers; Semi-Evergreen flowers; Semi-Evergree Flood & drought ; High wildlife value; Evergreen Flood & drought ; High wildlife value Flood & drought ; High wildlife value Attractive flowers; Poisonous to hoofed browsers; Evergreen Attractive flowers; Poisonous to hoofed browsers; Evergreen Flood & drought ; High wildlife value; All parts edible Flood ; Attractive flowers; Winter food source for birds Appendix C- 8 City of Charleston Manual v1.0
APPENDIX C - PLANTING LIST City of Charleston Manual Lyonia ligustrina Maleberry Morella pensylvanica** Northern Bayberry Photinia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry Photinia pyrifolia Red Chokeberry Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark Rhodo. Atlanticum** Dwarf Azalea Rhodo. calendulaceum Flame Azalea Rhodo. catawbiense Catawba Rosebay Rhodo. maximum Great Laurel Rhodo. periclymenoides Pink Azalea Rhodo. prinophyllum Early Azalea Rhodo. viscosum Swamp Azalea FACW Yes FAC No Full Sun FAC No Full Sun FACW Yes FACW Yes FAC No NI No Flood ; Attractive flowers; Winter food source for birds Flood & drought ; Food source for birds; Evergreen flowers; Significant wildlife value flowers; Significant wildlife value flowers; High wildlife value Drought ; Fragrant flowers; Food source for birds; Long lived Drought and flood ; Fragrant flowers; Food source for birds NI No Attractive flowers; Evergreen FAC No FAC No FAC No OBL Yes Flood & drought ; Moderate food source; Evergreen flowers; Significant food source flowers; Flood ; Attractive flowers; Significant food source City of Charleston Manual v1.0 Appendix C - 9
Rhus aromatic Fragrant Sumac Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis Elderberry Spiraea alba Meadowsweet Spiraea tomentosa Steeplebush Staphylea trifolia Bladdernut Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Coralberry Vaccinium angustifolium Lowbush Blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush Blueberry Vaccinium macrocarpon Cranberry Viburnum acerifolium Mapleleaf Viburnum Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood Viburnum nudum Possumhaw Viburnum Allo Light NI No Full Sun FACW Yes FACW+ Yes FACW Yes FAC No All Light UPL No FACU- No FACW- Yes flowers & fall color; High wildlife value flowers; High wildlife value Flood ; Attractive flowers & stems; Significant wildlife flowers; Significant wildlife value Flood & drought ; Significant food source for mammals flowers; Winter food source for birds Drought ; Attractive and edible fruit; High wildlife value Drought & flood ; Attractive and edible fruit; High wildlife value OBL Yes Edible fruit; High wildlife value All Light UPL No All Light FAC No All Light OBL Yes Flood & drought ; High wildlife value; Edible berries flowers; High wildlife value Flood & drought ; High wildlife value Appendix C- 10 City of Charleston Manual v1.0
APPENDIX C - PLANTING LIST City of Charleston Manual Viburnum prunifolium Blackhaw FACU No Drought ; High wildlife value; Edible berries HERBACEOUS Aconitum uncinatum Southern Blue Monkshood Agave virginica (Manfreda virginica) False Aloe Amsonia tabernaemontana* Eastern Bluestar Anemone virginiana Thimbleweed Aquilegia canadensis Red Columbine Aralia racemosa Spikenard Arisaema dracontium Green Dragon Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-Pulpit Asarum canadense Canadian Wild Ginger Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed NI No Attractive flowers; Poisonous NI No Attractive foliage FACW Moderate Attractive flowers Part Sun- NI No Attractive flowers FAC Yes Attractive flowers; Attracts hummingbirds NI Yes Attractive flowers; Attractive fruit FACW Yes Attractive bladed foliage Part Sun- Part Sun- FACW- Saturated Attractive flowers; Attractive fruit NI Yes Attractive flowers OBL Saturated Drought City of Charleston Manual v1.0 Appendix C - 11
Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Weed Aster novae-angliae New England Aster Baptisia australis Blue False Indigo Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold Chelone glabra White Turtlehead Chrysogonum virginianum Green and Gold Conoclinium coelestinum Mist Flower Coreopsis auriculata Lobed Tickseed Coreopsis lanceolata Lanceleaf Tickseed Coreopsis tinctoria Golden Tickseed (Annual) Coreopsis verticillata Whirled Tickseed Dicentra canadensis Squirrel Corn Full Sun NI No Attractive flowers; Drought FACW+ Yes Attractive flowers; Drought Full Sun NI Moderate Attractive flowers & fruit; Drought & lood OBL Yes Attractive flowers; Flood OBL Saturated Excellent growth; herbal uses All Light NI Yes Attractive flowers; Drought & flood FAC No Attractive flowers; Drought NI No FACU No FAC- No NI No NI Yes Attractive flowers Attractive flowers; Drought ; Evergreen Attractive flowers; Drought ; Evergreen Attractive flowers; Drought ; (Annual) Attractive flowers; Drought ; (Annual) Appendix C- 12 City of Charleston Manual v1.0
APPENDIX C - PLANTING LIST City of Charleston Manual Delphinium exaltatum Tall Larkspur Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus Joe Pye Weed Eupatorium coelestinum Mist Flower Eupatorium dubium Joe Pye Weed Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset Euphorbia corollata Flowering Spurge Eurybia divaricata White Wood Aster Filipendula rubra Queen of the Prairie Gaultheria procumbens Eastern Teaberry Gentiana andrewsii Bottle Gentian Geranium maculatum Spotted Geranium NI Yes Attractive flowers; Flood NI No FACW Saturated FAC Yes Attractive flowers; Drought & flood Attractive flowers; Drought & flood Attractive flowers; Drought & flood FACW Yes Attractive flowers; High wildlife value All Light FACW+ Saturated Attractive flowers; Flood Full Sun NI No Attractive flowers; Drought Part Sun- Part Sun- Part Sun- Part Sun- NI No Attractive flowers; Drought FACW Yes Attractive flowers; Flood FACU No Attractive flowers & berries FACW Yes Attractive flowers; Flood All Light FACU No Attractive flowers; Flood ; Semi-evergreen. City of Charleston Manual v1.0 Appendix C - 13
Helenium autumnale Sneezeweed Helianthus angustifolius Swamp Sunflower Heuchera americana American Alumroot Hibiscus moscheutos Red-Eyed Marsh Mallow Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal Iris cristata Dwarf Crested Iris Iris virginica Virginia Iris Liatris spicata Dense Gayfeather Liatris squarosa Blazing Star Lilium superbum Turk s-cap Lily Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower Lobelia siphilitica Great Blue Lobelia Full Sun FACW+ Saturated Attractive flowers; Flood Full Sun FACW Yes All Light FACU No Semi-Evergreen Attractive flowers; Drought & flood Full Sun OBL Yes Attractive flowers; Flood Part Sun- NI No Attractive flowers All Light OBL Yes Attractive flowers; Flood OBL Yes Attractive flowers; Flood Full Sun FAC+ No Attractive flowers; Drought Full Sun NI No Attractive flowers; Drought Full Sun FACW+ Yes Attractive flowers; Flood FACW+ Yes NI Yes Attractive flowers; Flood ; Long Bloom Time Blooms in late summer; bright blue flowers V Appendix C- 14 City of Charleston Manual v1.0
APPENDIX C - PLANTING LIST City of Charleston Manual Lupinis perennis Sundial Lupine Lysimachia terrestris Swamp Candles Meehania cordata Meehan s Mint Mertensia virginica Virginia Bluebells Mimulus ringens Monkeyflower Monarda didyma Beebalm Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot Nuphar lutea Advena Yellow Pond Lilly Oenothera fruticosa Evening Primrose Orontium aquaticum Goldenclub Packera aurea (Senecio aureus) Golden Ragwort Penstemon canescens Eastern Grey Beardtongue OBL No Attractive flowers; Flood NI Yes Attractive flowers; Flood FACW No Attractive flower; Semi-evergreen groundcover OBL Yes Attractive flowers; Flood FAC+ Yes FAC+ Saturated Attractive flower; Long summer loomer Attractive flower; Flood ; Herbal uses FAC+ Yes Attractive flower; Flood OBL Yes Attractive flower; High wildlife value All Light FAC No Attractive flower Full Sun OBL Yes Attractive spike All Light FACW Yes Attractive flower; Flood NI No Attractive flower; Drought v City of Charleston Manual v1.0 Appendix C - 15
Peltandra virginica Arrow Arum Penstemon digitalis Beardtongue Penstemon laevigatus Eastern Smooth Beardtongue Phlox davaricata Wild Blue Phlox Phlox stolonifera Creeping Phlox Physostegia virginiana Obedient Plant Polemonium reptans Jacob s Ladder Pontederia cordata Pickerelweed Porteranthus trifoliatus (Gillenia trifoliate) Bowman s Root Pycnanthemum incanum Hoary Mountainmint Rhexia mariana Meadow-Beauty Rudbeckia fulgida Black-Eyed Susan OBL Yes Full Sun FAC No FACU No Attractive flower; Food source for ducks Attractive flower; Drought & flood ; Semi-Evergreen Attractive flower; Drought & flood FACU No Attractive flower; Semi-Evergreen UPL No Attractive flower; Semi-Evergreen All Light FAC+ No Attractive flowers; Flood FACU No Attractive flowers; Flood Full Sun OBL Yes Attractive flowers; Flood NI No Attractive flowers FAC+ No Attractive flowers OBL Yes Attractive flowers; Flood FAC No Attractive flower; Drought & flood Appendix C- 16 City of Charleston Manual v1.0
APPENDIX C - PLANTING LIST City of Charleston Manual Rudbeckia hirta Brown-Eyed Susa Sagittaria latifolia Duck Potato Sanguinaria candadensis Bloodroot Sanguisorba canadensis Canadian Burnet Saururus cernuus Lizard s Tail Scutellaria ovata Heartleaf Skullcap Senna hebecarpa American Senna Sisyrinchium angustifolium Blue-Eyed Grass Solidago spp Goldenrod Solidago sempervirens ** Seaside Goldenrod Spigelia marilandica ** Woodland Pinkroot Spiranthes cernue Lady s Tresses FACU- No OBL Yes Attractive flower; Drought & flood (Annual) Attractive flowers; Food source for many ducks NI No Attractive flowers early spring Full Sun FACW+ Yes Attractive flowers; Flood OBL Yes Attractive flowers; Flood NI No Attractive flower; Evergreen FAC Yes FACW- Yes FACU No FACW Yes Attractive flower; Drought & flood Attractive flower; Drought & flood Attractive flower; Drought & flood Dense & long blooming attractive flowers NI No Attractive flowers; Colonizer FACW Yes Attractive flower City of Charleston Manual v1.0 Appendix C - 17
Symphyotrichum laeve Smooth Blue Aster Symphyotrichum novaeangliae New England Aster Tiarella cordifolia Foam Flower Tradescantia virginiana Spiderwort Verbena hastata Blue Vervain Vernonia noveboracensis Ironweed Veronicastrum virginicum Culver s Root Viola labradorica Alpine Violet Waldstenia fragarioides Barren Strawberry Zizia aurea Golden Zizia NI No Attractive flower FACW- No Attractive flower; Drought & flood FAC- No Attractive flower; Semi-Evergreen All Light FACU No Attractive flower Full Sun FACW+ Yes Attractive flowers FACW+ Yes Attractive flower; Can be invasive FACU No Attractive flower; Flood FAC No Attractive flower NI No Attractive flower; Groundcover FAC No Attractive flower; Drought & flood Grasses (or Grass-Like) Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Full Sun FAC Moderate Forms clumps; Flood ; Winter interest Appendix C- 18 City of Charleston Manual v1.0
APPENDIX C - PLANTING LIST City of Charleston Manual Andropogon virginicus Broom-Sedge Arundinaria gigantee Giant Cane Carex crinita Fringed Sedge Carex laxiculmis Spreading Sedge Carex lurida Shallow Sedge Carex stricta Tussock Sedge Chasmanthium latifolium River Oats Dichanthelium clandestinum Deertongue Elymus riparius Riverbank Wild Rye Elymus virginicus Virginia Wild Rye Juncus effusus Soft Rush Juncus torreyi Torrey s Rush Full Sun FACU No All Light FACW Yes All Light OBL Yes Flood All Light NI No Attractive fall color; Drought and flood Attractive fruit; Drought and flood Evergreen; Spreads; Good groundcover All Light OBL Yes Flood All Light OBL Yes Flood All Light FACU No Full Sun FAC+ No Flood FACW Yes Flood FACW- No Full Sun FACW+ Yes Flood Full Sun FACW Yes Flood Attractive fruit; Drought and flood Attractive fruit; Drought and flood ; Adaptable City of Charleston Manual v1.0 Appendix C - 19
Leersia oryzoides Rice Cutgrass Panicum virgatum Switch Grass Scirpus atrovirens Green Bullrush Scirpus cyperinus Green Bullrush Scirpus pungens (formerly S. americanus) Common Threesquare Scirpus tabernaemontani (formerly S. validus) Soft Stem Bullrush Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Tridens flavus Purpletop Tridens Tripsacum dactyloides Eastern Gammagrass Ferns OBL Yes Full Sun FAC No Full Sun PBL Yes Full Sun FACW+ Yes High wildlife value Flood ; Good for stabilization & erosion control; Food source for birds Attractive fruit; Drought and flood Food & cover for numerous bird species; High wildlife value Full Sun FACW+ Yes Food source for many species Full Sun FACW+ Yes Full Sun FACU- No Attractive flowers; Food source for many species Attractive fruit; Drought and flood ; Tolerates poor soil conditions Full Sun FACU No Attractive fruit; Drought Full Sun FACW No Attractive fruit; Flood ; Evergreen Adiantum pedatum Northern Maidenhair Fern - Part Sun FAC- Moderate Colonizer; Herbal uses Appendix C- 20 City of Charleston Manual v1.0
APPENDIX C - PLANTING LIST City of Charleston Manual Asplenium platyneuron Ebony Spleenwort Asplenium rhizophyllum Walking Fern FACU Moderate Evergreen; Ground cover; Small fern NI No Ground cover; Small fern Athyrium filix-femina Southern Lady Fern FAC Moderate Flood Dennstaedtia punctilobula Hayscented Fern NI No Ground cover Dryopteris intermedia Intermediate Fern FACU No Ground cover Dryopteris marginalis Marginal Woodfern Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich Fern Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern Osmunda claytoniana Interrupted Fern Osmunda regalis Royal Fern Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas Fern FACU- Moderate Evergreen; Ground cover FACW Yes Flood FACW Yes Flood FACW Yes Flood FAC Moderate OBL Saturated FACU- Moderate Tolerates short term flooding; Low drought tolerance Tolerates short term flooding; Low drought tolerance Flood ; Evergreen; Ground cover City of Charleston Manual v1.0 Appendix C - 21
Thelypteris noveboracensis New York Fern Thelypteris palustris Marsh Fern Woodwardia areolata Netted Chain Fern Woodwardia virginica Virginia Chain Fern FAC Saturated NI Saturated FACW+ Yes u Yes Flood Drought and flood ; Spreading ground cover Flood ; Spreading ground cover Flood ; Spreading ground cover Wetland Indicator * General Note: All of the plants with Wetland Indicators are found in wetland areas, however this chart marks those most suitable for high moisture conditions. 1 : SOURCE: http://plants.usda.gov/wetland.html for West Virginia (Region 1) UPL = Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands FAC = Facultative, equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%). FACU = Facultative Upland, usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found on wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%). FACW = FACW Facultative Wetland, usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands. OBL = Obligate Wetland, occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands. NI = No Indicator; Or change in plant taxonomy. Insufficient information was available to determine an indicator status. A positive (+) or negative ( ) sign is used for the facultative categories. The (+) sign indicates a frequency towards the wetter end of the category (more frequently found in wetlands) and the ( ) sign indicates a frequency towards the drier end of the category (less frequently found in wetlands). Appendix C- 22 City of Charleston Manual v1.0
APPENDIX C - PLANTING LIST City of Charleston Manual Inundation Tolerance - Indicates the suitability of a plant based on the amount of moisture in the soil after a rain event: No Suitable in a site where water does not remain after a rain event (i.e., full sun, steep slope, sandy soil, windy area); Drought plants are suitable. Moderate Suitable in a site where soil remains damp or may remain saturated for a short time (i.e., full shade, bioretention areas; saturated soil for more than 24 hours); Yes Suitable in a site where soil remains saturated for most of the growing season (i.e., stormwater wetlands, bogs, swamps, pond edges, etc.) Native to West Virginia ** - Non-Native to West Virginia. All plants are native to West Virginia unless indicated with a double asterisk. City of Charleston Manual v1.0 Appendix C - 23
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