PRD. ( : -*) 3- Water Use Efficiency 3 (WUE)

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Journal of Horticultural Science Vol. 26, No. 2, Summer 2012, P. 215-222 ISSN: 2008-4730 ( ) 215-222. 1391 2 26 2008-4730 : 2 *1-90/6/5: 90/11/18: (PRD).. ) ( ) PRD. ( %5 (TSS) ph - PRD.. PRD PRD. %1. :.. 3 (WUE).... 3- Water Use Efficiency 2 1. 14 25.(3). -1 (Email: anahita_taherkhani@yahoo.com : -*) -2

1391 2 26 ( ) 216.(9) 30.(21)..(16). PRD PRD.. 49/50 49/15. 36/25 35/45 C 340 115.(1) +42 C -15 ) " " ) (1 ) (" " (. 2 4 20 224. - 4 56. -..(1 ) 1 (PRD). (15). PRD. 2 (RDI ).. PRD..(6)..(21) PRD (19) PRD. 3 (FPRD) 4 (APRD).(1 ) 10). FPRD (17 14 11. APRD.(9).. 1- Partial Rootzone Drying 2- Regulated Deficit Irrigation 3- Fixed Partial Rootzone Drying 4- Alternate Partial Rootzone Drying

217... ( ) -1 0 135 135. a 3... b 3 b 2 a 2.. b 1 a 1 : (A) : (B) (22) (PRD) -1 %5 %1 (FPRD).(2 ) 8 30.(2 ) 13).(18.(4) FPRD (8).. 200 500. 900,. (TSS) ph ph. MSTATC %5.

1391 2 26 ( ) 218 (15) 3 2 1. FPRD.. (2 )...(2 ) FPRD.(3 ) FPRD FPRD. (8) (15). FPRD 3 ph.(2) %5 FPRD. ph.(18 7).(13 5)..(3 ) 1- Risiling 2- Shiraz 3- Cabernet

219... (cm) 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 60 50 40 30 20 10 (cm) ( ) ( ) 0 0 ( ) -2 TSS ( ) -3 PH ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 22/06c 5/978b 1/25a 10/76a 20/56a 319/4a 8/989a 28/14a 23/13b 5/467b 1/236a 10/a 20/44a 318a 5/8b 25/72a 24/16a 6/422a 1/238a 10/46a 20/44a 317/9a 7/844a /28a 23/3a 6/122a 1/03c 10b 18/11c 312/7b 5/756b 21/99b 23/08a 5/867a 1/444a 11/11a 22/78a 324/6a 8/933a 33/44a 22/97a 5/878a 1/8b 10/78a 20/56b 318ab 7/944a 25/71b. %5 -*.(16).... ph -.(3 ).(2)

1391 2 26 ( ) 220. ( ).(3 ). ph. TSS.(4 ). FPRD (7).(20).(4 )

221...

1391 2 26 ( ) 222...1383. -1...1386... -2.1859.5. 99.1389. -3 4- Caspari H.W., Neal S., Naylor A., Trought M.C.T., and Tannock S. 1997. Use of cover crops and deficit irrigation to reduce vegetative vigor of Sauvignon blanc grapevines in a humid climate. In: T. Henick-Kling et al. Eds. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium for Cool Climate Enology and Viticulture. pp. II 63-66. 5- New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva. Coombe B.G., and McCarthy M.C. 2000. Dynamics of grape berry growth and physiology of ripening. Australia. Journal Grape Wine Research,6: 131-135. 6- Davies W.J., Bacon M.A., Thompson D.S., Sobeih W., and Rodriguez L.G. 2000. Regulation of leaf and fruit growth in plants growing in drying soil: Exploitation of the plant s chemical signaling system and hydraulic architecture to increase the efficiency of water use in agriculture. Journal of Experimental, Botany, 51:1617-1626. 7- Dry P.R. 2004. Optimizing winegrape quality with partial rootzone drying. Final Report. Cooperative Research Center for Viticulture. Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation. Australia. PP. 78-81. 8- Dry P.R., and Loveys B.R. 2000. Partial drying of the rootzone of grape. I. Transient changes in shoot growth and gas exchange. Vitis, 39:37. 9- Dutrade P., and Fochesato M. 2005. Green pruning to obtain two harvests by vegetative cicle on niagra grapevine. Bragantia, Campinas,66:611-616. 10- Dzikiti S. 2006. Partial root zone drying of drip irrigated Navel orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck) under semi-arid tropical conditions. Agricultural Meteorology Group. Department of Physics, University of Zimbabwe. Mt Pleasant, Harare. 11- El-Ansary D.O., and Okamoto G. 2005. Improving table grape quality with less irrigation water in japan: Partial root-zone drying versus regulated deficit irrigation. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 792: V International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops. 12- Hiroyuki F.,Tadushi F., Masashi M., and Inadomi K. 2004. Effect of summer pruning on the growth and the tree vigor of Kyoho grape in early heating greenhouse. Bulletin of the Saga Prefectural Fruit Tree Experiment Station, 15:15-21. 13- Houma A., Cherif M., and Boubaker A. 1998. Effect of nitrogen fertilization, green pruning and fungicide treatments on botrytis bunch rot of grapes.journal of Plant Pathology, 80:115-124. 14- Kriedeman P.E. 2004. Regulated deficit irrigation and Partial rootzone drying. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 49:341-349. 15- Loveys B., Stoll M., Dry P., and McCarthy M. 1998. Partial rootzone drying stimulates stress responses in grapevine to improve water use efficiency while maintaining crop yield and quality. Australian Grape Grower and Winemaker, Annual Technical Issue, 414:108-114. 16- Mann S.S., and Singh K. 2008. Effect of summer pruning on yield and quality of perlette grapes. ISHS Acta Horticulture 158: X African Symposium on Horticultural Crops. 17- Raveh R. 2006. Partial Root-Zone Drying as a Possible Replacement for Verdelli Practice. Institute of Horticulture, Agricultural Research Organisation. Gilat Research Station. 18- Souza C.R., Maroco J.P., Santos M.L., Rodrigue T.P., Lope C.M., Pereira J.S., and Chaves M.M. 2003. Partial rootzone drying: Regulation of stomatal aperture and carbon assimilation in field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Moscatel) Function. Plant Biologic, 30:653-662. 19- Stoll M. 2000. Effects of Partial rootzone drying on grapevine physiology and fruit quality. Department of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences the University of Adelaide. 20- Stoll M., Loveys B., and Dry P. 2000. Hormonal changes induced by partial rootzone drying of irrigated grapevine. Journal of Experiment, Botany, 51:16-1634. 21- Van Zyl J.L., and Van Huyssteen L. 1983. Soil and water management for optimum grape yield and quality under condition of limited or no irrigation. In: T.H. Lee and T.C. Somers.(Eds). Advances in Viticulture and Oenology for Economic Gain. Proceedings of Fifth Australian Wine Industry Technical Conference, Perth, WA, Australia 25-66. 22- Toit P.G., Dry P.R., and Loveys B.R. 2002. A Preliminary investigation on partial rootzone drying (PRD) effects on grapevine performance, nitrogen assimilation and berry composition. School of Agriculture and Wine,University of Adelaide,Waite Campus,PMB1,Glen Osmond,South Australia, 5064.