The 13 Colonies Religious, Political and Economic Foundations
Objectives TLW explain how religion played a role in the founding of the 13 colonies TLW compare religious freedom and tolerance in different colonies
Warmup Have After the Mayflower Questions in front of you Review After the Mayflower Rate the movie out of 4 stars What did you like? What did you not like? How did After the Mayflower inform you about the relationship between the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag? STAR STARS STARS
The 13 Colonies Connecticut Delaware Georgia Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Jersey New York North Carolina Pennsylvania Rhode Island
Religious Foundations THE PURITANS Background and Beliefs Followers wished to purify the Church of England Rid it of Catholic practices Persecuted in England 20,000 Puritan settlers arrived in New England during the 1630 s Dominated life in New England in the 1600 s
Religious Foundations THE PURITANS IN MASSACHUSETTS Settlers in Massachusetts were required to be church members Male ministers held all leadership roles in Massachusetts Modesty and simplicity were emphasized in worship Other religions were not permitted in Massachusetts
Religious Foundations THE PURITANS Roger Williams A Puritan minister Argued for a separation of church and state Argued for fair treatment of Native Americans Preached tolerance of other religions Banished from Massachusetts Founded Rhode Island
Religious Foundations THE PURITANS Anne Hutchinson Held and led religious meetings Was critical of male leadership of church and government Put on trial for witchcraft Banished to Rhode Island Died in the wilderness
Religious Foundations THE QUAKERS Background & Beliefs Beliefs Men and women are equal in God s eyes Fair treatment of non- Christians Pacifism NO WAR Tolerance of other religions Persecuted in England William Penn was a prominent leader Founded Pennsylvania as a place for Quakers to worship freely
Religious Foundations ACT OF TOLERTATION Background & Ideas Law passed in Maryland Maryland was established as a place for Catholics to worship Promoted religious freedom for all Christians
Warmup Get our homework(s) pg 68 and 13 Colonies Map Define the vocab words using the glossary in your book (in folders) Tolerance Representative government Legislature Constitution Subsistence farming Tenant farmer Plantation
Political Foundations HOUSE OF BURGESSES Background Was the legislature for Virginia Legislature = law making body Made up of elected burgesses or representatives Male land owners could vote for burgesses Burgesses voted on laws and decisions to run the colony
Political Foundations GENERAL COURT BACKGROUND Shareholders, or land owners would elect representatives to the court Landowning males who belonged to the Puritan church The court elected a governor to govern the colony Also made laws for the colony Ruled as a jury in trials
Political Foundations FRAME OF GOVERNMENT BACKGROUND An early constitution A detailed plan for government A legislature made up of large landowners was established Two houses of legislature
Economic Foundations NEW ENGLAND Describe to your partner the type of climate in New England and how this will relate to farming? Easy to grow crops hard? Long or short growing season? Opportunity to make lots of money?
The Land and Climate Land was covered by forests. Soil was rocky and not very fertile. The harsh climate offered a short growing season.
New England s Economic Activities Most settlers were subsistence farmers. Small farmers grew enough food for their own needs. Sometimes they grew surpluses Or extra food which could be traded for goods.
New England s Economic Activities Shipbuilding Settlers used the forests making ships. Wood was brought from the country to Boston and Portsmouth where the ships were built.
New England s Economic Activities Fishing and Whaling Fish were abundant along the New England coast Fisherman sometimes worked around the clock in freezing temperatures Whaling produced ivory and oil for lamps
Economic Foundations THE MIDDLE COLONIES PARTNER DISCUSS How do you think land in the middle colonies will compare with land in New England? Longer growing season Chance to produce cash crops
Middle Colonies Economic Activities The better farm land encouraged farmers to grow cash crops. Crops sold for money on the world market. mainly wheat, barely, and rye. Breadbasket Colonies comes from large amounts of wheat and grain produced.
Middle Colonies Economic Activities Manor Life in New York New York was organized in large estates called manors Patroons owned manors along the Hudson River tenant farmers rented land from the patroons. Tenant farmers paid rent to with crops. Tenant farmers lived off of the rented land They also had to produce enough to pay the landlord Tenant farmers became angry over their situation We don t have enough money to pay rent!
Economic Foundations THE SOUTHERN COLONIES How will the land and climate affect what you can grow and how you can grow it in the Southern Colonies? Better soil Longer growing seasons Better suited for cash crops Plantation system
The Land and Climate The climate was warmer and the land was more fertile in the South than in the other colonies. People quickly turned to growing cash crops in the South.
The Land and Climate The main cash crops Tobacco; mainly grown in Maryland, Virginia, and the North Carolina. Rice; mainly grown in South Carolina and Georgia. Land was organized into plantations in order to grow as much of these crops as possible.
The Land and Climate Plantations were usually located in the tidewater region or along major rivers Tidewater region: area along the coastal plain in which ocean tides affect water levels. Beyond the tidewater is mostly hills and dense forest called the backcountry.
The Backcountry South Western Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. The Shenandoah Valley in Virginia had rich farm land. People concentrated on subsistence farming rather than plantation and cash crop farming. People would grow a variety of things and raise animals that could be sold in eastern markets Many times people from the backcountry would not receive equal representation in colonial governments Plantation owners in the east held much more power and shaped government to help themselves.
Bacon s Rebellion 1. 1676 Rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon 2. Western settlers in the backcountry were being attacked by Indians 1. They felt that House of Burgess and the Governor were of no help 3. Bacon led freed indentured servants and small western farmers to attack Indians and then the planters in the tidewater region 1. Jamestown was burnt down 4. Bacon died of dysentary and the Rebellion ended