Chapter. IV AREA OF THE STUDY 4.1. Introduction: The present study is made to assess socio-economic and other problems of the women artisans and women engaged in handicrafts in Gulbarga district. The study also aims at know about the social culture, religious aspects, political background, etc. Hence, there is need to know about the geographical area, climate, population, literacy, education, culture, etc of the Gulbarga district, which have direct or indirect impact on the socio-economic problems of these sections. The present chapter described these aspects as under. India is one of the big countries of South Asia and known as sub-continent. It is located in South Asia. India is the homeland of major religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism, while also being home to several indigenous faiths and tribal religions which have survived the influence of major religions for centuries. The population of India on 1 March 2011 was 1,210,193,422. India added 181 million to its population since 2001, slightly lower than the population of Brazil. India with 2.4% of the world's surface area accounts for 17.5% of its population. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state with roughly 200 million people. A little over 5 out of 10 Indians live in the six states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Provisional data from the census was released on 31 March 2011 and the details of the Census of India 2011 are shown as under.
Table No. 4.1. Census of India 2011: Highlights (Estimates) Population Total 1,210,193,422 Males 623,724,248 Females 586,469,174 Literacy Total 74.04% Males 82.14% Females 65.46% Density of population per km 2 382 Sex ratio per 1000 males 940 females Child Sex ratio (0 6 age group) per 1000 males 914 females The current population of India is shown in the following table: Table No. 4.2. State-wise Current Population of India 2012 Rank State or UT Population (2011 Census) Density (per km 2 ) Sex Ratio 01 Uttar Pradesh 199581477 828 908 02 Maharashtra 112372972 365 946 03 Bihar 103804637 1102 918 04 West Bengal 91347736 1029 947 05 Andhra Pradesh 84665533 308 992 06 Madhya Pradesh 72597565 236 930 07 Tamil Nadu 72138958 555 995 08 Rajasthan 68621012 201 926 09 Karnataka 68621012 201 968 10 Gujarat 61130704 319 918 11 Odisha 41947358 269 978 12 Kerala 33387677 859 1084 13 Jharkhand 32966238 414 947 14 Assam 31169272 397 954 15 Punjab 27704236 550 893 16 Haryana 25353081 573 877 17 Chhattisgarh 25540196 189 991 18 Jammu & Kashmir 12548926 56 883 19 Uttarakhand 10116752 189 963 20 Himachal Pradesh 6856509 123 974
21 Tripura 3671032 350 961 22 Meghalaya 2694007 132 986 23 Manipur 2721756 122 987 24 Nagaland 1980602 119 931 25 Goa 1457723 394 968 26 Arunachal Pradesh 1382611 17 920 27 Mizoram 1091014 52 975 28 Sikkim 607688 86 889 UT1 Delhi 16753235 9340 866 UT2 Puducherry 1244464 2598 1038 UT3 Chandigarh 1054686 9252 818 UT4 Andaman & Nicobar 379944 46 878 Islands UT5 Dadra & Nagar 342853 698 775 Haveli UT6 Daman & Diu 242911 2169 618 UT7 Lakshadweep 64429 2013 946 Total India 1210193422 382 940 Karnataka is located at the South-west part of India. Karnataka is a state of diverse cultures, languages and faiths and the economic and social scenario within the state, in many ways, mirrors the scenario prevalent in the country itself. Located in the southern part of India, between the latitudes 11.31 and 18.45 North and the longitudes 74.12 and 78.40 East, Karnataka is, in terms of population, the ninth largest state among India s 28 major states and 7 Union Territories. Along its northern borders lie the states of Maharashtra and Goa; Andhra Pradesh is to the east; Tamil Nadu and Kerala to the south, while the Arabian Sea forms the western boundary. Karnataka came into being as a state of the Union of India on November 1, 1956 as a result of the merger of five territories where Kannada was the language of the people. These were: four districts of the erstwhile Bombay state; three districts of the erstwhile princely state of Hyderabad; two districts and one taluk of the former Madras state; the former Part C state of Coorg (now known as Kodagu); and nine districts of the former princely state of Mysore. Map of Karnataka is given as under:
Map. No. 1. Karnataka State in India With districts The new state was initially known as Mysore, but subsequently, in 1973, it was renamed Karnataka, thereby fulfilling a long standing demand of the people of the state. For administrative purposes, the state is divided into 30 revenue districts. It is the eighth largest Indian State by area. With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census, Karnataka is the ninth state by population, comprising 30 districts. Kannada is the most widely spoken and official language of the state. The statistics of Karnataka population as per the Census of India 2011 is as under: Table No. 4.3. Statistics of Karnataka
Particulars 2011 2001 Approximate Population 6.11 Crore 5.29 Crore Actual Population 61130704 52850562 Male 31057742 26898918 Female 30072962 25951644 Population Growth 15.67% 17.25% Percentage of Total 5.05% 5.14% Population Sex Ratio 968 964 Child Sex Ratio 943 973 Literacy 75.60% 66.64% Male Literacy 82.85% 76.06% Female Literacy 68.13% 57.80% Total Literates 41029323 30434962 Male Literates 22808468 17661211 Female Literates 18220855 12773751 The distribution of population in districts of Karnataka including Gulbarga as per the Census of India, 2011 is shown in the following table. Table No. 4.4. Distribution of Population in Districts of Karnataka State/ District Population in 2011 Persons Male Female Karnataka 61130704 31057742 30072962 District Code 01 Belgaum 4778439 2427104 2351335 02 Bagalkot 1890826 952902 937924 03 Bijapur 2175102 1112953 1062149 04 Bidar 1700018 870850 829168 05 Raichur 1924773 966493 958280 06 Koppal 1391292 701479 689813 07 Gadag 1065235 538477 526758 08 Dharwad 1846993 939127 907866 09 Uttara Kannada 1436847 727424 709423 10 Haveri 1598506 819295 779211 11 Bellary 2532383 1280402 1251981 12 Chitradurga 1660378 843411 816967 13 Davanagere 1946905 989602 957303 14 Shimoga 1755512 879817 875695 15 Udupi 1177908 562896 615012 16 Chikmagalur 1137753 567483 570270 17 Tumkur 2681449 1354770 1326679
18 Bangalore 9588910 5025498 4563412 19 Mandya 1808680 909441 899239 20 Hassan 1776221 885807 890414 21 Dakshina 2083625 1032577 1051048 Kannada 22 Kodagu 554762 274725 280037 23 Mysore 2994744 1511206 1483538 24 Chamarajanagar 1020962 513359 507603 25 Gulbarga 2564892 1307061 1257831 26 Yadgir 1172985 591104 581881 27 Kolar 1540231 779401 760830 28 Chikkaballapur 1254377 637504 616873 29 Bangalore 987257 507514 479743 Rural 30 Ramanagar 1082739 548060 534679 Source: Census of India, 2011 The state income or Net State Domestic Product (at 1993-94 prices) increased from Rs.30,087.57 crore in 1990-91 to Rs.61,386.40 crore in 2001-02 registering an increase of 9.5 per cent per annum. The per capita income (NSDP) at constant prices increased from Rs.6, 739 to Rs.11, 516 showing an annual increase of 7.1 per cent during the same period. Agriculture is the mainstay of the people in the state. Cultivators and agricultural labourers form about 56 percent of the workforce (2001 census). Agriculture in the state is characterized by wide crop diversification. 4.2. Gulbarga District: Gulbarga district is one of the three districts that were transferred from Hyderabad State to Karnataka state at the time of re-organization of the state in 1956 and is also called as Kalaburgi in Kannada. The district is one among the 30 districts of Karnataka State. It is located in the Northern part of the state. The District was a biggest district in the state and in 2008, it was divided and new district Yadgir was formed with 3 talukas from Gulbarga district. Gulbarga district is bounded on the west by Bijapur district of Karnataka and Sholapur district of Maharashtra, on the west by Bijapur district of Andhra Pradesh, on the
north by Bidar district of and Osmanabad district of Maharashtra and on the south by Raichur district of Karnataka. There are seven talukas located in Gulbarga district, namely, Afzalpur, Aland, Chincholli, Chittapur, Gulbarga, Jewargi and Sedam. In 2011, Gulbarga had population of 2,564,892 of which male and female were 1,307,061 and 1,257,831 respectively. In 2001 census, Gulbarga had a population of 2,174,742 of which males were 1,110,442 and remaining 1,064,200 were females. Geographical location of Gulbarga district in Karnataka state is shown as under.
Map No. 2. Gulbarga district in Karnataka and India 1. Brief History: The District was under the rule of Nijam of Hyderabad before independence. The district has a rich background of knowledge and culture. The existence of university at Nagai in Chitapur, Vignaneshwaras Mitakshara, Nrupatungas Kavirajmarg and the religious and social revolution led by Shivsharanas and the Sufi saint Banda Nawaz are all evidence of it. However, due to erratic rainfall and continuous occurrence of droughts in the 19th century the life of the people was never smooth and secure. Further during the Nizams
period, the district could not develop due to the negligence and inefficient administration. The distance was also a factor contributing to it. Thus it was one of the most backward districts when it joined the old Mysore State. This position has not changed even after five decades. The map of Gulbarga district is shown as under. Map No. 3. Gulbarga District 2. Socio Economic Background: In recent years a High Power Committee was constituted by the govt. of Karnataka to look into the problem of regional imbalances in the state. The Committee (popularly known as Nanjundappa Committee) submitted its report in 2002. The committee, on the basis of various socio-economic indicators assessed the development of 175 talukas in the state. The Committee has identified nine talukas among the ten talukas in Old Gulbarga district as the most backward talukas.
Table No. 4.5. Most Backward Talukas of Gulbarga District in Karnataka State Taluka Rank in State Index Sedam 155 0.72 Chittapur 165 0.65 Afzalpur 170 0.62 Aland 172 0.61 Chincholi 173 0.57 Jewargi 174 0.57 Source: Report of the High Power Committee for Redressal of Regional Imbalance in Karnataka, Govt. of Karnataka Bangalore 2002 3. Position of the District in Human Development: Karnataka State has published Human development Report in 1999 based on 1991 date for the then 20 district in the state. The progress in human Development was brought out through another report published in 2005 for 27 districts in the state today based on 2001 Data. The position of the district along with the other district in Hyderabad Karnataka Region is indicated in the following table. The district in both the reports is at the bottom level. Table No. 4.6. Human Development and Gender Development in Gulbarga District and HK region Districts HDI HDI Rank Rank GDI GDI Rank 1991 2001 1991 2001 Rank Bellary 0.512 18.617 18 0.499 17 0.606 17 Bidar 0.496 23 0.599 21 0.477 23 0.572 22 Gulbarga 0.453 25 0.564 26 0.432 25 0.543 26 Raichur 0.443 27 0.547 27 0.422 27 0.530 27 State 0.541-0.650-0.525-0.637 - Source: Human Development Report 2005 Govt. of Karnataka. The position of the district has come down from 25th to 26th in the State. This is because of slow progress in the field of Education and fall in Income index.
Table No. 4.7. Various Indices of human Development for Gulbarga District Year Health Rank Education Rank Income Rank Index Index Index 1991 0.575 23 0.432 25 0.352 24 State 0.618-0.602-0.402-2001 0.632 20 0.572 25 0.490 25 State 0.680-0.712-0.559 - Source: Human Development Report 2005 Govt. of Karnataka Thus the position of the district has not improved significantly over the years. The gap between the State and the district is reduced by only a margin of 0.2 (From 0.88 to 0.86). 4. Geographical Traits: The district has total area of 16174 Sq. Kms. This constitutes 5.93% of the area of the state. The region is characterized by black cotton soil, expanses of flat treeless surface, a range of hills covering a surface of about 60 miles and same lower belts following the main rivers. The district is devoid of forest except in the hilly portion of Aland and Chincholi. The area under forest is 4.2% of the total area. Table No. 4.8. Area of Gulbarga district Sl.No Taluks Grama Hoblies Panchayaths Inhabited Un- Towns/ Urban Inhabited Agglomeration 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Afzalpur 3 22 89 4 0 2 Aland 5 39 135 1 1 3 Chincholli 4 32 137 11 0 4 Chittapur 5 35 122 3 5 5 Gulbarga 6 36 136 4 1 6 Jewargi 5 33 145 14 0 7 Sedam 4 23 109 8 3 TOTAL 32 220 873 45 10
5. Rainfall and Land Use: The district is a drought prone area. The average rainfall is 777 mm. and the normal rainy days are 46 in a year. The climate is very hot during the summer which effects adversely on the work capacity of the people. The temperature ranges between 44 centigrade in summer to 26 in winter. The period from December to May is the driest part of the year. The land use is classified in the district is shown in the following table. Taluka Table No. 4.9. Land use Classification (Unit: Area in Hectares) Uncultivated Land Not available land excluding for cultivation fallow land Area under Forest Land put to non agri.uses Barren & uncultivable land Cultivable waste Pmt. Pastures & other grazing land` Mics. Tree cropes, groves Fallow land Current fallows Other fallow land 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Afzalpur 78 5819 2395 458 1322 4 15083 Aland 2854 3465 3142 974 3469 55 28504 2600 Chincholi 19622 3006 13003 2723 6516 857 8703 700 Chittapur 6150 9368 3689 4530 674 21 25591 1480 Gulbarga 4121 8150 4223 78 4322 39 24237 300 Jewargi 310 8317 1838 294 6486 60 3761 230 Sedam 2181 3295 6823 360 3066 50 3345 1475 TOTAL 35316 41420 35113 9417 25855 1086 109224 6785
Table No. 4.10. Rain fall of Gulbarga District for last 5 years (2002 To 2006) Year Total (mm) 2002 525.99 2003 504.14 2004 578.64 2005 790.12 2006 508.6 6. Basic Infrastructure: The district also lacks adequate infrastructure which is one of the basic cause of long economic stagnation in the district. The total length of surface roads is only 28.26 kms. The length of village roads is 3678.75 kms. A large part of these roads are closed during rainy season. The total length of railway line is 225 kms. The district headquarters lies on the main National Network. But the internal network availability is very low. Only 4 talukas Afzalpur, Chittapur, Gulbarga and Sedam are connected by a railway line. Table No. 4.11. Basic Infrastructure Taluka State Highways Major District Roads Other District Roads Village Roads Railway Route Length Afzalpur 101.1 141.48 ---- 602.4 31 Aland 185.1 182.5 ---- 703.2 --- Chincholi 131.6 112 ---- 582.85 --- Chittapur 56.3 272.2 ---- 693.35 66 Gulbarga 112.3 48.85 0 648.79 38 Jewargi 36.35 239.1 ---- 1045.7 Sedam 95.6 117 0 381.45 32 TOTAL 718.35 1113.13 0 4657.74 167
Table No. 4.12. Area Irrigated through various Sources Lift Taluka Canals Tanks Wells Borewells Irrigation Other Sources Total Afzalpur 67 8891 970 60 1653 11641 Aland -- 165 6045 247 177 7297 Chincholi 1529 324 544 799 --- 158 3354 Chittapur -- -- 538 265 --- 518 1321 Gulbarga 77 45 3112 202 --- --- 3436 Jewargi 16859 -- 6000 330 --- 592 23781 Sedam -- 480 1215 179 --- 293 2167 Total 18465 1081 26345 2745 307 3391 52997 Taluka Table No. 4.13. Rural Electrification TotalVillages Villageselectrified IPSets Afzalpur 89 93 9251 Aland 135 75 11567 Chincholi 137 125 1800 Chittapur 122 68 2358 Gulbarga 136 29 7599 Jewargi 145 36 2644 Sedam 109 34 1840 TOTAL 873 460 37059
7. Educational Infrastructure: The district has following infrastructure for provision of Education. Table No. 4.14. Educational Infrastructure according to Census 2001 Primary Schools 2800 High Schools 500 Junior College 132 General Colleges; 26 Medical Colleges (Including ISM) 06 Polytechnic Colleges 08 Engineering Colleges 04 8. Demographic Trends: Gulbarga District is experiencing rapid growth of population since 1951. The decimal growth rate has increased from 14.5 percent to 15.3 percent between 1951 to 61 to 24.2 percent between 1981 to 1991 and has slightly come down to 21 percent between 1999 to 2001. The population of the district as per 2001 census is 31, 30,922 of which male population is 15,92,789 and female population is 15,38,133. The sex ratio is 966 per 1000 male persons. This is slightly above the state average of 965 and well above the national average of 933.72% of the population lives in rural areas. The population is spread over the geographical area and the density of population is 192 per sq.km.
Table No. 4.15. Population trends during the 20th century Decadal variation Decadal Year Population Variation Percentage 1901 883062 -- 1911 964468 9.22 1921 887875-7.94 1931 990505 11.56 1941 1059716 6.99 1951 1213608 14.5 1961 1399457 15.31 1971 1739220 24.2 1981 2080643 19.6 1991 2582169 24.1 2001 3130922 21.4 Source: Census of India District census Hand book: Gulbarga District 1961-2001. Taluka Table No. 4.16. Demographic Characteristics - 2001 Area Total Population Male Female Rural Urban Afzalpur 1305 180071 92538 87533 160736 19335 Aland 1735 297136 152233 144903 261891 35245 Chincholi 1569 223646 113309 110337 206502 17144 Chittapur 1765 366802 186390 180412 238532 12870 Gulbarga 1730 675679 348665 327014 245414 430265 Jewargi 1822 235254 119598 115656 216075 19179 Sedam 1025 196154 97709 98445 156026 40128 District 10951 2174742 1110442 1064300 1485176 574166
Table No. 4.17. Density of Population and Sex Ratio Taluka % of Urban Population Sex Ratio Density Afzalpur 10.7 946 116 Aland 11.9 952 150 Chincholi 7.7 974 121 Chittapur 35 968 175 Gulbarga 63.7 938 303 Jewargi 8.2 967 104 Sedam 20.5 1008 159 DISTRICT 157.7 6753 1128 9. SC and ST Population: Gulbarga district has a sizable part of Scheduled Caste Population. It is 23% of the total population of the district. It is ranked 3rd in the state in respect of this next to Kolar and Chamraj Nagar. In absolute numbers, the position of the district (7,17,595) is next to Bangalore Urban (8,51,047). The SC and ST population forms 22.9 and 4.9 percent of total population respectively. Within the district the SC population is concentrated in the talukas of Chincholi (33.2%) Chittapur (29.3%) and Sedam (25.8%). It is lowest in Afzalpur taluka i.e, 17.8%. The proportion of SC population to total population has declined from 23.6% to 22.9% between 1991-2001. The decline follows mainly from two talukas i.e., Gulbarga (21.4% to 20.4%) and Afzalpur (18.6% to 17.8%).
The proportion of ST population in district population has increased marginally from 4% to 4.9%. The total ST population of the district as per 2001 census is 154195. It was 106935 in 1991. The growth rate per annum is 4.4%. Table No. 4.18. Population of Scheduled Castes and Schedule Tribes 2001 Scheduled Castes Schedule Tribes Proportion Proportion Taluka to total to total Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban population population (percent) (percent) Afzalpur 32103 28607 3496 17.82 3720 3667 53 2.06 Aland 67652 63682 3970 22.77 6194 6035 159 2.08 Chincholi 74337 70023 4314 33.23 5153 4917 236 2.3 Chittapur 107506 66845 40661 29.3 5789 4560 1229 15.78 Gulbarga 138047 73669 64378 20.43 9986 5335 4651 14.78 Jewargi 46806 43240 3566 19.89 11221 10454 767 4.76 Sedam 50686 42248 8438 25.83 5072 4129 943 2.58 TOTAL 517137 388314 128823 169.27 47135 39097 8038 44.34 Table No. 4.19. Literacy Rate- Scheduled Caste Talukas Total Rural Urban Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Afzalpur 45.7 24.4 35.4 45.07 23.43 34.59 51.04 32.21 42.14 Aland 46.8 25.1 36.3 46.12 24.43 35.53 57.14 37.06 47.78 Chincholi 41 20 30.8 44.12 23.65 34.31 66.23 46.31 56.74 Chittapur 43 24.84 34.08 39.3 19.2 29.75 56.7 35 47.19 Gulbarga 54.7 34.1 44.8 28.9 13.98 21.47 51.47 30.15 41.14 Jewargi 36.8 18 27.5 35.38 18.66 27.15 55.48 35.08 45.5 Sedam 32.8 16.6 24.7 35.4 16.88 26.27 53.04 30.95 42.54 TOTAL 300.8 163.04 233.58 274.29 140.23 209.07 391.1 246.76 323.03
Table No. 4.20. Literacy Rate- Scheduled Tribes Sl.No. Talukas Male Female Total Rural Urban 1 Afzalpur 48.4 28.6 39 39 39.6 2 Aland 46.8 25.2 36.4 36.2 42.1 3 Chincholi 50.2 27.3 39 38.6 47 4 Chittapur 38.4 19.9 29.4 24.6 47.1 5 Gulbarga 55.2 35.9 45.9 33 60.7 6 Jewargi 37 15.7 26.5 25.6 38.4 7 Sedam 34.5 17 25.6 24 32.2 TOTAL 310.5 169.6 241.8 221 307.1 10. Social Indicators: The basic social indicators are presented in the following table. The help us to understand the general conditions of the people, there literacy levels and other Gender related issues. High proportion of agricultural labourers and non workers as well as the SC / ST population indicates high incidence of poverty in the district. Name of Sex Population the taluka Ratio Table No. 4.21. Social Indicators of the District Proportion of Proportion Proportion agricultural of SC/ST of non labourers to population workers total workers Literacy 2001 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 Afzalpur 180071 946 53.86 48.27 20.6 19.89 56.1 57.31 37.62 51.67 Aland 297136 952 50.34 50.39 27.1 24.85 54 48.63 39.12 53.79 Chincholi 223646 974 47.42 47.52 35.7 35.54 51.3 49.91 33.41 49.38 Chittapur 366802 968 36.33 30.48 31.4 30.88 59.8 61.49 38.72 50.25 Gulbarga 675679 938 25.57 22.85 23.1 21.9 67.5 67.04 57.33 67.46
Jewargi 235254 967 49.13 52.45 26.6 24.66 56.7 53.71 32.85 44.26 Sedam 196154 1008 35.71 39.5 25.4 28.42 52.4 53.42 34.5 45.23 District 2174742 6753 298.36 291.46 189.9 186.14 397.8 391.51 273.55 362.04 Table No. 4.22. Literacy and Education Growth in literacy 1961 to 2001 (percent) Total literacy rate Growth in literacy Taluka 1961-1971- 1981-1991- 1961-1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 71 81 91 01 01 Afzalpur 9.2 16 23.7 37.62 51.67 73.91 48.13 58.73 37.34 461.63 Aland 14.23 18.2 24.8 39.12 53.79 27.89 36.26 57.74 37.5 278 Chincholi 14.45 16.8 21.3 33.41 49.38 16.26 26.78 56.85 47.8 241.73 Chittapur 13.06 18.8 25.46 38.72 50.25 43.95 35.42 52.08 29.77 284.76 Gulbarga 24.8 31 38.65 57.33 67.46 25.01 24.67 48.33 17.66 172.01 Jewargi 9.8 15.2 20.87 32.85 44.26 55.11 37.3 57.4 34.73 351.63 Sedam 13.7 15.7 21.67 34.5 45.23 14.59 38.02 59.2 31.1 230.14 TOTAL 99.24 131.7 176.45 273.55 362.04 256.72 246.58 390.33 235.9 2019.9 11. Employment and Occupation: The employment and occupations of the people in Gulbarga district is discussed as under. Table No. 4.23. Work participate rate: proportion of workers (Main and Marginal workers) to total population ( rural +urban) Taluka Total Workers Male Female 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 Afzalpur 43.83 42.68 51.61 51.5 35.6 33.4 Aland 45.98 51.36 47 56.1 38.45 46.4 Chincholi 48.6 50.08 53.26 53.8 43.83 46.2 Chittapur 40.2 38.5 39.61 48.8 27.23 27.9 Gulbarga 32.49 32.95 20.7 45.5 16.16 19.5 Jewargi 48.3 46.28 52.92 51.3 43.6 41.1 Sedam 47.57 46.58 48.61 53.2 37.55 40 TOTAL 306.97 308.43 313.71 360.2 242.42 254.5
Table No. 4. 24. Growth of Main Workers 1991-2001 Decadal growth in Main workers 2001 Main workers 1991 main workers (1991- Taluka 2001) Persons Male Female Persons Male Female Persons Male Female Afzalpur 54890 40251 14639 61858 39818 22040 0 0 0 Aland 106212 71457 34755 113536 68530 45006-6.45 4.27-2.28 Chincholi 80993 53341 27652 86337 50794 35543 0 0 0 Chittapur 113667 80839 32828 116123 78789 37334-2.11 2.6-12.06 Gulbarga 182003 142050 39953 164428 120522 43906 10.68 17.86-10.36 Jewargi 78852 53540 25312 82837 50048 32789 0 0 0 Sedam 66359 45668 20691 71106 45129 25977-6.67 1.19-20.3 TOTAL 682976 487146 195830 696225 453630 242595-4.55 25.92-45 The district economy is mainly an agricultural economy as agriculture contributes 31.7% of district income and provides employment to 67% of the population. (A large part of the land is under dry land cultivation as the area under irrigation is only 18.8 percent of the net area sown). Table No. 4.25. Occupational pattern of the workforce (Main workers%) Census Year Cultivators Agricultural labourers Household industry Other Workers Total 1961 45.55 26.44 9.21 18.8 100 1971 34.13 36.55 4.4 24.92 100 1981 36.78 43.95 2.66 16.61 100 1991 35.19 50.15 2.06 12.6 100 2001 27.1 40 2.5 30.4 100 The occupational structure is stagnant over the time period. The proportion of population engaged in agriculture has increased from 70% in 1961 to 75% during 1981-91 and has fallen down to 67% in 2001. The other trend observed is
the percentage of agricultural laborers was increasing till 1991. It has increased from 26.44% in 1961 to 40.1% in 1991 but has come down to 39.96% in 2001. Though the share of tertiary sector in district income has increased from 36.6 in 1991 to 45.2 percent in 2001-02 but its share in employment has increased from 12.6 to 30.4% in 2001 during the same period. Thus a trend of employment generation in service sector is set in post 1991 period. Table No. 4.26. Distribution of Land Holding in the District Holdings Number Percentage Area Percentage Marginal Holding 112331 20.46 13463 1.0 Small holdings 191271 34.86 281868 20.93 Semi Medium 158492 28.87 435718 32.36 Medium 73750 13.45 435001 32.32 Large 12956 2.36 180220 13.39 Total 548808 100 1346270 100 The distribution of land holdings indicates the domination of semi medium holdings. They form 28.87 percent of total holdings and cover an area of 32.36 percent.
12. Cropping Pattern: Table No. 4.27. Land under Cultivation Area Area sown Total Net area under Taluka more cropped sown Food than area grains once Afzalpur 105000 11000 116000 84926 Aland 128354 3800 166354 115484 Chincholi 100724 23416 124140 104319 Chittapur 124944 15000 139944 131719 Gulbarga 127695 19510 147205 116151 Jewargi 164017 24451 188468 133700 Sedam 81850 13517 95367 88854 District 832584 110694 977478 775153 The cropping pattern is mainly dominated by food crops. Tur is the main crop produced in the district. The district is called as Tur Bowl of the state. Jawar is the other main food crop Sunflower and Groundnut are the major oilseeds which occupy the area of 1783870 and 59047 respectively. Table No. 4.28. Area under Principal Crops and Cereals (in Ha) Other cereals Taluka Paddy Jowar Bajra Maize Wheat & Minor Total Cereals & Minor Millets Millets Afzalpur 71 26645 6105 440 3255 14 36530 Aland 651 30190 11172 564 3542 2 46121 Chincholi 225 22267 1314 72 139 15 24032 Chittapur 632 25690 3232 43 680 13 30290 Gulbarga 585 33753 8455 245 1829 27 44894 Jewargi 2894 37410 6320 346 4894 13 51877 Sedam 1105 19941 408 0 185 3 21642 DISTRICT 6163 195896 37006 1710 14524 87 255386
Table No. 4.29. Area under Pulses Taluka Gram Tur Other Pulses Total Afzalpur 12140 32123 4133 48396 Aland 8117 39995 21251 69363 Chincholi 12784 40816 26687 80287 Chittapur 32285 54803 14341 101429 Gulbarga 11624 50307 9326 71257 Jewargi 13642 58615 9566 81823 Sedam 15857 30553 20802 67212 District 106449 307212 106106 519767 Table No. 4.30. Area under Oilseeds Taluka Groundnut Sunflower Oilseeds Other Pulses Afzalpur 2701 23163 3268 29132 Aland 898 39171 10213 50282 Chincholi 57 285 3016 3358 Chittapur 290 4902 3657 8849 Gulbarga 512 18846 6524 25882 Jewargi 8528 29108 2732 40368 Sedam 756 3041 1935 5732 DISTRICT 13742 118516 31345 163603 13. Commercial Crops: Sugarcane and cotton are the two commercial crops produced in the district. But the area under these crops is very less. Table No. 4.31. Area under Commercial Crops
Taluka Sugarcane Cotton Afzalpur 3057 615 Aland 1236 -- Chincholi 1740 121 Chittapur 40 88 Gulbarga 527 3 Jewargi 200 4046 Sedam 31 -- DISTRICT 6831 4873 Table No. 4.32. Agricultural Production during X plan Production in Lakh tones ( Cotton Lakh bales) Sl.No Crops 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Average 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Total Cereals 4.235 4.742 3.816 5.34 3.903 4.407 2 Total Pulses 2.516 2.576 2.52 2.781 1.512 2.381 Total Foodgrains 6.751 7.318 6.336 8.121 5.415 6.788 3 Total Oilseeds 0.188 0.664 0.197 0.22 0.223 0.298 4 Commercial Crops I) Cotton 0.041 0.0134 0.097 0.035 0.0133 0.0398 II) Sugarcane 7.63 7.105 8.68 14.44 9.941 14. Industries and Employment:
The total number of registered factories and industries is 113 and the employment provided by these industries and factories is 8985 in 2006. The total statistics of factories and employment in 2001 is as under. Table No. 4.33. Factories and Employment Textiles Chemical Engineering Others Total Employment Afzalpur --- 1 --- 1 2 3000 Aland 1 --- 1 2 4 400 Chincholi --- --- 1 --- 1 50 Chittapur --- --- 4 4 8 300 Gulbarga --- 3 9 47 59 3000 Jewargi --- --- 1 --- 1 50 Sedam --- --- --- 3 3 1500 District 1 4 16 57 78 8300 The small scale industries are developed in Automobiles, Electrical and Electronics and food and intoxicants. Taluka Table No. 4.34. Employment in Small Scale Industry Automobiles Electrical & Electronics Number Workers Number Workers Number Food & Intoxicants Workers Afzalpur 10 20 --- --- 4 24 Aland 15 30 0 0 2 8 Chincholi 9 18 0 0 3 12 Chittapur 19 38 0 0 5 20 Gulbarga 36 176 8 40 25 178 Jewargi 2 4 0 0 1 6 Sedam 4 8 0 0 2 16 DISTRICT 95 294 8 40 42 264 4.3. References: