UH Ohio Grape-Wine Electronic Newsletter Editors: Imed Dami, Associate Professor and State Viticulturist David Scurlock, Viticulture Outreach Specialist Department of Horticulture and Crop Science Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center -4096 HUwww.oardc.ohio-state.edu/grapeweb/ Content: 20 May 2013 (21) Research & Frost Update - OSU Variety Evaluation Trials Know your OSU Grape and Wine Experts
Research & Frost Update - OSU Variety Evaluation Trials: By Imed Dami, Diane Kinney, Shouxin Li, Greg Johns, and Yvonne Woodworth When comparing 2012 to 2013, we observed much cooler March temperatures in 2013 but made up for it with what were more normal April temperatures. GDD for March 2013 are also well below the 30-year average. If we look at the cumulative GDD, 2012 was well above both 2013 and the 30-year averages whereas 2013 is below the 30-year average. The less than normal cumulative GDD led to much more delayed bud development this spring than 2012. In fact, this year we are seeing bud break quite a bit slower than 2012 or more normal in all varieties at the Wooster vineyard. This normal bud break has saved us from having any late frost damage as many buds were still in stage 2-3 according to the Eichorn-Lorenz scale when we recorded the last below freezing temperatures in the vineyard on April 21 st. Chardonnay is the first variety to break bud on April 22 nd. In 2012, some of the cold hardy (Minnesota varieties) were at 50% bud break as early as March 23 rd. Some of the late bud breaking varieties include Cabernet Sauvignon, Durif, and Tempranillo. Overall, this year the trend seems to be more on track with the norm. Riesling on 29 April Chardonnay on 25 April Monthly GDD Wooster (Mar-Oct) Month 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Average (1982-2012) March 28 11 20 174 9 38 April 132 181 111 69 133 117 Cumulative GDD Wooster (March-Oct) Month 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Average (1982-2012) March 28 11 20 174 9 41 April 160 192 131 243 142 179
Bud break dates of selected varieties grown at the Wooster Research Vineyard: 2012 vs. 2013. Variety 2012 2013 Change from 2012 Frontenac 18-Apr 1-May +13 days delay Frontenac Gris 18-Apr 29-Apr +11 days delay La Crescent 23-Mar 29-Apr +37 days delay Marquette 23-Mar 29-Apr +37 days delay Chardonnay 13-Apr 29-Apr +16 days delay Cabernet Franc 16-Apr 29-Apr + 13 days delay Riesling 18-Apr 6-May +17 days delay Cabernet Sauvignon 1-May 6-May +5 days delay Merlot 30-Apr 2-May +2 days delay Chambourcin 6-May Traminette 18-Apr 6-May +17 days delay We also collected cold hardiness data from fall through early spring. This project was conducted by Shouxin Li, graduate student in the viticulture program. The last sampling she collected was on March 18 th at the Wooster research vineyard. This period corresponds to the deacclimation stage in grapevines and varieties respond differently. We are learning that varieties deacclimate at different dates to different levels of cold hardiness. For example, Shouxin shows in the plots below that Arneis, Cabernet franc, and Siegerrebe deacclimated the fastest; whereas Dolcetto, Sangiovese, and Gamay noir the slowest. Early deacclimation is not a desirable trait as varieties are most susceptible to spring frost injury. In the following plot, note that the varieties that deaclimated the fastest are also the quickest to break bud and vice versa.
8.0 Cold hardiness (LT50) of selected varieties at the Wooster Research Vineyard, on March 18, 2013. 6.0 4.0 2.0 LT50 ( F) 0.0 Arneis CF11 Siegerrebe Regent CHR37 Kerner Sangiovese Dolcetto Gamaynoir -2.0-4.0-6.0-8.0 Variety Bud break (%) of selected varieties at the Wooster Research Vineyard on April 29, 2013 100% Bud Break 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% CHR37 Arneis CF11 Siegerrebe Gamaynoir Kerner Sangiovese Regent Dolcetto Variety
Update on the recent spring frost injury: Early Monday morning May 13 th we recorded temperatures in the Wooster vineyard below freezing. We have two temperature loggers within about 150 yards of one another. The temperature between the two was within 2 degrees during these early hours. On Monday afternoon, we did see immediately the effects on new growth. Once again during the early morning hours of Tuesday May 14 th the temperatures dipped into the mid 30 s but these temperatures would have been in a safe range and did not cause further damage. Wooster Vineyard Temperatures Monday May 13, 2013 Dolcetto Temperature o F 33 32.5 32 31.5 31 30.5 30 29.5 29 28.5 28 27.5 5:00 AM 6:00 AM 7:00 AM Time of Day Block A Block C Gamay noir Chardonnay - 36% Dolcetto 17% Regent 0% We returned to the vineyard on Wednesday the 15 th to observe and rate the severity of frost damage. The amount of damage ranged from 0% (Regent) to 35% in Arneis, Kerner, Chardonnay and Rotberger. Damage consisted of spotty burns on shoot tips and leaf margins. In other words, the damage was minimal and will not affect yield.
It is interesting though to observe that varieties that broke earlier generally sustained more damage than varieties that broke later. This is true for Chardonnay (CHR37), Arneis, Siegerrebe that broke buds early and had the highest damage. Sangiovese, Regent, and Dolcetto broke later and had the least damage. There was of course exception with Cab franc (CF11) and Kerner. We attributed this discrepancy to the location of vines in the vineyard block. Percent spring frost injury of selected varieties at Wooster Research Vineyard on May 13, 2013 50% 40% Frost Injury 30% 20% 10% 0% Kerner CHR37 Arneis Siegerrebe Gamay noir Sangiovese Dolcetto CF11 Regent Variety
Know Your OSU Grape & Wine Research & Outreach Specialist By Imed Dami, HCS OARDC Many of the OGEN subscribers are new producers and are not familiar with OSU Specialists who provide expertise and assistance in the field of grape growing and wine making. The information below may be redundant for some readers, but it is good to remind/inform our new producers of the resources available at OSU and will be included in all future issues of OGEN. Please contact the following Research, Extension/Outreach Specialists, and Educators if you have any questions relating to their respective field of expertise. Contact Information Name & Address Phone Email & Website Area of Expertise & Assistance Provided Dr. Mike Ellis, Professor Dept. Plant Pathology 224 Selby Hall OARDC 330 263 3849 E mail: ellis.7@osu.edu Website: www.oardc.ohiostate.edu/fruitpathology/organic/grape/in dex Grape diseases and control. Recommendation on grape fungicides Dr. Roger Williams, Professor Dept. Entomolgy 202 Thorne Hall OARDC 330 263 3731 E mail: williams.14@osu.edu Website: www.oardc.ohiostate.edu/grapeipm/ Grape insects/mites and control. Recommendation on grape insecticides Dr. Doug Doohan, Professor Dept. Horticulture & Crop Science 205 Gourley Hall OARDC 330 202 3593 E mail: doohan.1@osu.edu Website: www.oardc.ohiostate.edu/weedworkshop/default.asp Vineyard weeds and control. Recommendation on herbicides Dr. Imed Dami, Associate Professor & Viticulture State Specialist Dept. Horticulture & Crop Science 216 Gourley Hall OARDC 330 263 3882 E mail: dami.1@osu.edu Website: oardc.osu.edu/grapeweb/ Viticulture research and statewide extension & outreach programs. Recommendation on variety selection. Imed is the primary research contact of the viticulture program.
Contact Information Name & Address Phone Email & Website Area of Expertise& Assistance Provided David Scurlock, Viticulture Outreach Specialist 118 Gourley Hall OARDC 330 263 3825 E mail: scurlock.2@osu.edu Website: oardc.osu.edu/grapeweb/ Evaluation of site suitability for vineyard establishment and all aspects of grape production practices in northern Ohio. David is the primary extension contact of the viticulture program Todd Steiner, Enology Program Manager & Outreach Specialist Dept. Horticulture & Crop Science 118 Gourley Hall OARDC 330 263 3881 E mail: steiner.4@osu.edu Website: oardc.osu.edu/grapeweb/ Commercial wine production, sensory evaluation, laboratory analysis/setup and winery establishment. Todd is the primary research and extension contact of the enology program Dr. Gary Gao, Small Fruit Specialist and Associate Professor, OSU South Centers 1864 Shyville Road, Piketon, OH 45661 OSU Campus in Columbus Room 256B, Howlett Hall, 2001 Fyffe Ct Columbus, OH 43201 740-289-2071 ext.123 Fax:740-289-4591 E-mail: gao.2@cfaes.osu.edu Website: http://southcenters.osu.edu/ Viticulture Research and Outreach, VEAP visits in southern Ohio, vineyard management practices, soil fertility and plant nutrition, fruit quality improvement, variety evaluation, table and wine grape production Greg Johns, Station Manager Ashtabula Agricultural Research Station 2625 South Ridge Road Kingsville, OH 44048 440 224 0273 E mail: johns.1@osu.edu Website: www.oardc.ohiostate.edu/branches/branchinfo.asp?id=1 Winegrape production in Northeast Ohio, especially vinifera varieties
Contact Information Name & Address Phone Email & Website Area of Expertise& Assistance Provided David Marisson, County Extension Director, Assistant Professor & Extension Educator, OSU Extension Ashtabula County 39 Wall Street Jefferson, Ohio 44047 440 576 9008 Ext. 106 E mail: marrison.2@osu.edu Website: ashtabula.osu.edu Vineyard and winery economics, estate planning and Extension programs in Northeast Ohio Email: fox.264@osu.edu Wine and wine grape marketing Dr. Julie Fox, Direct Marketing Specialist 1864 Shyville Road Piketon, Ohio 45661 740 289 2071, ext. 225 Website: http://directmarketing.osu.edu Ohio MarketMaker: www.ohiomarketmaker.com