Famil: Apocaceae Taxo: Madevilla boliviesis Som: Dipladeia boliviesis Hook. f. (basiom) Commo Name: white dipladeia white madevilla Questioaire : curret 20090513 Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: EVALUATE Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 1 101 Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, =-1 103 Does the species have weed races? =1, =-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio 205 302 Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, =-1 405 Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 Prit Date: 8/6/2012 Madevilla boliviesis (Apocaceae) Page 1 of 7
412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, =-1 603 Hbridizes aturall =1, =-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic =1, =-1 605 Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, =-1 607 Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, 4+ ears = -1 701 Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, =-1 703 Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, =-1 704 Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, =-1 705 Propagules water dispersed =1, =-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed =1, =-1 707 Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, =-1 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, =-1 801 Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, =-1 802 Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, =-1 803 Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, =-1 805 Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: EVALUATE WRA Score 1 Prit Date: 8/6/2012 Madevilla boliviesis (Apocaceae) Page 2 of 7
Supportig Data: 101 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus [Is the species highl domesticated? No evidece] Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. 101 2012. Missouri Botaical Garde. Madevilla boliviesis. http://www.missouribotaicalgarde.org/gardesgardeig/our-garde/plat-fider/platdetails/kc/a526/madevilla-boliviesis.aspx [Is the species highl domesticated? No evidece] 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA 201 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. 202 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. 203 2012. Missouri Botaical Garde. Madevilla boliviesis. http://www.missouribotaicalgarde.org/gardesgardeig/our-garde/plat-fider/platdetails/kc/a526/madevilla-boliviesis.aspx 204 1933. Woodso, Jr., R.E.. Studies i the Apocaceae. IV. The America Geera of Echitoideae. Aals of the Missouri Botaical Garde. 20(4): 605-790. 204 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. 205 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI 205 2012. Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Madevilla, Dipladeia - Madevilla spledes. http://davesgarde.com/guides/pf/go/1711/ 301 2007. Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Distributio.-Costa Rica, Ecuador, ad Bolivia, betwee 200 ad 700 m." [Qualit of climate match data 2-High] [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "Zoe: 10 to 11" [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Ecuador: Tugurahua: Rio Pastaza, betwee Bafios ad Mera, alt. 4000 ft., 1924, Tate 669 (US). Bolivia exact localit ad date lackig, Pearce 708 (K, TYPEM, BG, photograph ad aaltical drawigs)." [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Distributio. Costa Rica, Ecuador, ad Bolivia, betwee 200 ad 700 m." "Madevilla boliviesis ma be recogized b its epiphtic habit (i Mesoamerica), glabrous leaves with the cueate base, reduced ifloresceces, ad white flowers with the tube usuall more tha 2.9 cm log. This is the ol Madevilla species of the South America Dipladeia complex preset i Mesoamerica. The characters used b Woodso (1933, 1936) to separate M. pittieri ad M. cereola from M. boliviesis are maifest i the tpes of all three ames, as was explaied b Morales (1995)." [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Hawaiia Islads] "Two Madevilla species less ofte see i our gardes have bee tetativel idetified." "Madevilla boliviesis " [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Cultivated i Florida, Hawaii ad throughout the cotietal U.S. (probabl as a idoor plat i colder climates] [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece] 301 2012. Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Kha, N./Fl, [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece from the Hawaiia Islads to date] T.. Hawaiia Vascular Plat Updates: A Supplemet to the Maual of the Flowerig Plats of Hawai`i & Hawai`i's Fers & Fer Allies. http://bota.si.edu/pacificisladbiodiversit/hawai iaflora/supplemet.htm 302 2007. Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No] No evidece Weeds - Idex. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 303 2007. Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? Weeds - Idex. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 304 2007. Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of [Evirometal weed? No] No evidece Weeds - Idex. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 305 2007. Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Madevilla laxa. http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/madevilla_laxa/ [Cogeeric weed? M. laxa] Prit Date: 8/6/2012 Madevilla boliviesis (Apocaceae) Page 3 of 7
305 2010. Australia Associatio of Bush Regeerators. Bushlad Weeds of the Blue [Cogeeric weed? Yes] M. laxa listed as a weed, but with o descriptio of impacts Moutais Regio. http://www.aabr.org.au/idex.php?optio=com_co tet&view=article&id=53:bushlad-weeds-of-theblue-moutais-regio&catid=92:weedlists&itemid=75 305 2012. PlatNET. New South Wales flora olie - Madevilla laxa (Ruiz & Pav.) Woodso. Roal Botaic Gardes & Domai Trust,, Sde http://platet.rbgsd.sw.gov.au/cgibi/nswfl.pl?page=swfl&lvl=sp&ame=madevil la~laxa [Cogeeric weed? Possibl] "Madevilla laxa" " Grow i gardes ad aturalized i several areas," [No evidece of egative impacts] 401 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. 402 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Allelopathic? Ukow] 403 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. 404 2012. ehow. Are Madevilla Flowers Toxic?. http://www.ehow.com/facts_7396220_madevillaflowers-toxic_.html 405 2012. ehow. Are Madevilla Flowers Toxic?. http://www.ehow.com/facts_7396220_madevillaflowers-toxic_.html 406 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI 406 2012. Missouri Botaical Garde. Madevilla boliviesis. http://www.missouribotaicalgarde.org/gardesgardeig/our-garde/plat-fider/platdetails/kc/a526/madevilla-boliviesis.aspx 406 2012. Top Tropicals. Madevilla boliviesis. Top Tropicals Botaical Garde, http://toptropicals.com/cgibi/garde_catalog/cat.cgi?uid=madevilla_bolivi esis 407 2010. Cool Exotics. The Plats Database - Madevilla boliviesis. http://coolexotics.com/plat-525-madevillaboliviesis.html 407 2012. Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Madevilla, Dipladeia - Madevilla spledes. http://davesgarde.com/guides/pf/go/1711/ 407 2012. Top Tropicals. Madevilla boliviesis. Top Tropicals Botaical Garde, http://toptropicals.com/cgibi/garde_catalog/cat.cgi?uid=madevilla_bolivi esis [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No evidece] "Epiphtic (i Mesoamerica) or terrestrial vies; stems terete to subterete, glabrous. Leaf blades (3.5-)5-10 X 1.4-4 cm, elliptic, arrowl elliptic to obovate, membraaceous, glabrous; apex acute to log-acumiate; base obtuse to cueate; upper surface gladular at the base of the midrib, petioles 0.8-2 mm." [Parasitic? No] "Epiphtic (i Mesoamerica) or terrestrial vies " [Upalatable to grazig aimals? Ukow] "Restrict our pet's access to plats to avoid accidetal igestio. Humas or aimals that suffer from low-toxicit smptoms after igestio of madevilla flowers should see a doctor or veteriaria." [Milk sap ad toxic properties ma deter browsig] [Toxic to aimals? Probabl Yes] "Restrict our pet's access to plats to avoid accidetal igestio. Humas or aimals that suffer from low-toxicit smptoms after igestio of madevilla flowers should see a doctor or veteriaria." [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? No] "Isects are rarel a problem, although some tpes of scale ca ifest plats." [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? No] "No serious isect or disease problems. Watch for whiteflies, spider mites ad mealbugs, particularl o overwiterig plats." [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? No] "Give adequate care, madevilla is pest free ad fast growig." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? Yes] "Note - This vie has poisoous parts if igested, ad has a ski-irritatig sap." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? Yes. Apocaceae] "Dager: Parts of plat are poisoous if igested" [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? Yes] "Parts of plat are poisoous if igested." 408 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No] Used i cultivatio with o records of aturalizatio, ad o reports of icreased fire risks i cultivated settigs. 409 2012. Missouri Botaical Garde. Madevilla boliviesis. http://www.missouribotaicalgarde.org/gardesgardeig/our-garde/plat-fider/platdetails/kc/a526/madevilla-boliviesis.aspx [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Possibl] "Su: Full su to part shade" Prit Date: 8/6/2012 Madevilla boliviesis (Apocaceae) Page 4 of 7
409 2012. Top Tropicals. Madevilla boliviesis. Top Tropicals Botaical Garde, http://toptropicals.com/cgibi/garde_catalog/cat.cgi?uid=madevilla_bolivi esis [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Possibl] Full Su, Semi- Shade 410 2012. Backard Gardeer. Madevilla boliviesis. [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? No] "ph Rage: 5.5 to 6.5 Soil http://www.backardgardeer.com/platame/pda Rage: Sad Loam to Cla Loam" _9083.html 411 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. 412 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. 501 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. 502 2012. USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN). http://www.ars-gri.gov/cgibi/pgs/html/idex.pl 503 2012. USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN). http://www.ars-gri.gov/cgibi/pgs/html/idex.pl 504 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. 601 2012. Tropicos.org. Tropicos [Olie Database]. Missouri Botaical Garde, http://www.tropicos.org/ 602 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. 602 2010. Cool Exotics. The Plats Database - Madevilla boliviesis. http://coolexotics.com/plat-525-madevillaboliviesis.html 602 2012. Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Madevilla, Dipladeia - Madevilla spledes. http://davesgarde.com/guides/pf/go/1711/ 603 2012. Roselad House Garde & Nurser. Madevilla boliviesis (S Dipladeia). http://www.roseladhouse.co.uk/climbers/madevi lla%20boliviesis.htm 604 1999. Torres, C./Galetto, L.. Factors costraiig fruit set i Madevilla petladiaa (Apocaceae). Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 129: 187-205. 604 2004. Löhe, C./Machado, I.C./Porembski, S./Erbar, C./Leis, P.. Polliatio biolog of a Madevilla species (Apocaceae), characteristic of NE-Brazilia iselberg vegetatio. Botaische Jahrbücher für Sstematik. 125(2): 229-243. [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? Yes] "Epiphtic (i Mesoamerica) or terrestrial vies; stems terete to subterete, glabrous. Leaf blades (3.5-)5-10 X 1.4-4 cm, elliptic, arrowl elliptic to obovate, membraaceous, glabrous; apex acute to log-acumiate; base obtuse to cueate; upper surface gladular at the base of the midrib, petioles 0.8-2 mm." [Forms dese thickets? No] "Epiphtic (i Mesoamerica) or terrestrial vies;" [Yes to 4.11] [Aquatic? No] "Epiphtic (i Mesoamerica) or terrestrial vies;" [Terrestrial] [Grass? No] Apocaceae [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Apocaceae [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No] "Epiphtic (i Mesoamerica) or terrestrial vies; stems terete to subterete, glabrous. Leaf blades (3.5-)5-10 X 1.4-4 cm, elliptic, arrowl elliptic to obovate, membraaceous, glabrous; apex acute to log-acumiate; base obtuse to cueate; upper surface gladular at the base of the midrib, petioles 0.8-2 mm." [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No evidece] [Produces viable seed? Ukow] "Follicles ad seeds ukow." [Produces viable seed? Presumabl Yes] Propagatio - cuttig, laerig, seeds This plat ca be propagated b seeds i sprig or b cuttigs i mid-sprig (herbaceous cuttigs) to late-summer (ripe wood cuttigs)." [Produces viable seed? Possibl No i Cultivatio] "Propagatio Methods: B dividig the rootball From softwood cuttigs B simple laerig" [Hbridizes aturall? Ukow] "Much cofusio over the ame with it beig chaged back ad forth, ad this plat is most likel a hbrid." [Reports of hbrid cultivars are commo o horticultural websites, but o evidece was foud of atural hbridizatio i the peer-reviewed literature] [Self-compatible or apomictic? Ukow. Other Madevilla exhibit self compatibilit] "The reproductive success of Madevilla petladiaa was studied to disclose its reproductive strateg, ad to determie the liks betwee ectar productio, breedig sstem, fruit set ad iflorescece size. The plat produces ma ifloresceces with a large umber of flowers but iitiates few fruits (9%). This vie is self-compatible but ot autogamous." [Self-compatible or apomictic? Ukow. Other Madevilla exhibit self compatibilit] "Although autogam does ot occur i uvisited flowers due to strict herkogam, self-polliatio mediated b visitig isects seems possible i the self-compatible flowers. Assumig that isect mediated autogam occurs, the high polle load o the stigma at the ed of athesis ca be uderstood: Eve if a bee does ot sped much time i the populatio of Madevilla ivestigated, sigle flower visits ma esure successful polle trasfer. This isect-mediated self-polliatio ma be iterpreted as compesatio for the low frequec of flower visitors o iselbergs." Prit Date: 8/6/2012 Madevilla boliviesis (Apocaceae) Page 5 of 7
604 2012. Lear 2 Grow. Madevilla boliviesis. http://www.lear2grow.com/plats/madevillaboliviesis/ 605 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. 605 2004. Löhe, C./Machado, I.C./Porembski, S./Erbar, C./Leis, P.. Polliatio biolog of a Madevilla species (Apocaceae), characteristic of NE-Brazilia iselberg vegetatio. Botaische Jahrbücher für Sstematik. 125(2): 229-243. 605 2007. More, M./Sersic, A.N./Cocucci, A.A.. Restrictio of Polliator Assemblage Through Flower Legth ad Width i Three Log-Togued Hawkmoth Polliated Species of Madevilla (Apocaceae, Apocoideae). Aals of the Missouri Botaical Garde. 94: 485-5 [Self-compatible or apomictic? Possibl No] "Self-Sowig - No" [Requires specialist polliators? Possibl Yes] "Ifloresceces usuall loger tha the subadjacet leaves, glabrous, 2-6-flowered; peducle 1-2 cm; pedicels 1-2.7 cm; bracts 1-1.5 mm log, scarious. Sepals 6-8 mm, ovate, log acumiate; corolla ifudibuliform, white, the tube ellow withi, glabrous without; lower part of tube 1.2-1.8 cm log, straight, upper part 1.7-2.3 cm log, 10-13 mm diam. At the orifice, coic; lobes 2.3-3 X 1.7-2 cm, obovate, spreadig. Stames iserted ear the orifice of the tube; athers 8-10 mm. Ovar ca. 2 mm log, glabrous; stle 8-11 mm log; disk glads usuall 2, <1 mm log, distict." [Requires specialist polliators? Probabl Yes. Descriptio of related species] "Flowers of this Madevilla species are large, tubular to salverform ad ver show due to bright pik colour ad exposed presetatio o the plat. Although ectar productio could ot be proved, aatomical studies showed a tpical secretor tissue at the base of the goecium. Flowers were visited b differet species of large bees, but visitatio rate - at least durig the observatio phase - was ver low. However, ca. 60 % of the flowers aalsed were aturall polliated ad ca. 35 % set fruit." [Requires specialist polliators? Probabl Yes. Related species require specialist polliators] "The log-togued hawkmoth species Maduca sexta (L.) was the major polliator of Madevilla logiflora (Desf.) Picho ad Madevilla petraea (A. St.-Hil.) Picho. Surprisigl, aother log togued species, Maduca tucumaa (Rothschild & Jorda), was the mai polliator of the short flowered Madevilla laxa (Ruiz & Pav.) Woodso. Here, the operative flower width was a decisive factor restrictig the polliator spectrum to hawkmoths with proboscides arrow eough to release the polliatio apparatus. Short togued hawkmoths, which also have wider proboscides, caot release the polliatio mechaism. I M. petraea, the operative legth, ad ot the operative width, restricts the polliator assemblage. Thus, two differet plat strategies were observed to restrict the polliator spectrum: floral tube legth ad the operative width of the polliatio mechaism." "The three Madevilla species studied were polliated exclusivel b octural hawkmoths. There are previous records of hawkmoth polliatio for ol ie species of Apocaceae s.l., of which three belog to Asclepiadoideae" 606 2011. Gardeig Australia. Plat Profile: Madevilla. [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? No evidece of atural vegetative spread] "Take care if trimmig back as all parts exude a sometimes irritat milk http://www.abc.et.au/gardeig/stories/s1866508 latex whe cut. The ca be propagated from half-hardeed stems i summer, or.htm from cuttigs." 607 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Miimum geerative time (ears)? Ukow] 701 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas)? No evidece] Fruit ad seeds ma be rarel, if ever, produced i cultivatio, as reflected i the absece of a documeted evidece of this species becomig aturalized ad/or ivasive. 702 1998. Vermeule, N.. Ecclopedia of House Plats. 2d Prit. Rebo Productios, Lisse, Netherlads 703 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. 704 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. 705 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes. Ucommo orametal] "Despite the attractiveess ou do ot come across this climber ver ofte." [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? No evidece] "Follicles ad seeds ukow." [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? Yes, if produced] "Madevilla fruits are apocarpous follicles or rarel scarpous b fusio after fertilizatio. The follicles ma be clidrical to moiliform or submoiliform, usuall membraaceous ad pubescet to glabrous or glabrate. The seeds are umerous, dr, elogate, compressed to subterete, logitudiall ribbed, trucate ad comose at the microplar ed, with the coma directed toward the apex of the follicle." [Propagules water dispersed? No] "Madevilla fruits are apocarpous follicles or rarel scarpous b fusio after fertilizatio. The follicles ma be clidrical to moiliform or submoiliform, usuall membraaceous ad pubescet to glabrous or glabrate. The seeds are umerous, dr, elogate, compressed to subterete, logitudiall ribbed, trucate ad comose at the microplar ed, with the coma directed toward the apex of the follicle." [Seeds if produced, are adapted for widdispersal] Prit Date: 8/6/2012 Madevilla boliviesis (Apocaceae) Page 6 of 7
706 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. 707 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. 708 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI 801 1998. Morales, J.F.. A Sopsis of the Geus Madevilla (Apocaceae) i Mexico ad Cetral America. Brittoia. 50(2): 214-232. [Propagules bird dispersed? No] "Madevilla fruits are apocarpous follicles or rarel scarpous b fusio after fertilizatio. The follicles ma be clidrical to moiliform or submoiliform, usuall membraaceous ad pubescet to glabrous or glabrate. The seeds are umerous, dr, elogate, compressed to subterete, logitudiall ribbed, trucate ad comose at the microplar ed, with the coma directed toward the apex of the follicle." [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? Possibl, if seeds were produced] "Madevilla fruits are apocarpous follicles or rarel scarpous b fusio after fertilizatio. The follicles ma be clidrical to moiliform or submoiliform, usuall membraaceous ad pubescet to glabrous or glabrate. The seeds are umerous, dr, elogate, compressed to subterete, logitudiall ribbed, trucate ad comose at the microplar ed, with the coma directed toward the apex of the follicle." [Comose seeds, if produced, ma adhere to the fur of aimals] [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Ukow] "Seeds umerous, ± boat-shaped, with tuft of hairs." [Seeds wid-dispersed i geus, but fruit apparetl ot produced i Hawaiia Islads. If produced, ulikel to be cosumed] [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? Ukow] "Madevilla fruits are apocarpous follicles or rarel scarpous b fusio after fertilizatio. The follicles ma be clidrical to moiliform or submoiliform, usuall membraaceous ad pubescet to glabrous or glabrate. The seeds are umerous, dr, elogate, compressed to subterete, logitudiall ribbed, trucate ad comose at the microplar ed, with the coma directed toward the apex of the follicle." 802 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? Ukow] 803 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Ukow] No iformatio o herbicide efficac or chemical cotrol of this species 804 2012. Missouri Botaical Garde. Madevilla boliviesis. http://www.missouribotaicalgarde.org/gardesgardeig/our-garde/plat-fider/platdetails/kc/a526/madevilla-boliviesis.aspx [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Ukow] "Pich to promote shrubb growth." [Ma tolerate some pruig] 805 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets)? Ukow] Prit Date: 8/6/2012 Madevilla boliviesis (Apocaceae) Page 7 of 7
Summar of Risk Traits High Risk / Udesirable Traits Thrives i tropical climates Cogeeric Weed (Madevilla laxa) Toxic properties Tolerates ma soil coditios (ad potetiall able to exploit ma differet habitat tpes) Itetioall plated b people (icreases chaces of escape) Seed (if produced) dispersed b wid Low Risk / Desirable Traits No records of aturalizatio or ivasiveess reported Uarmed Requires full su Fruit & seed ma be rarel, if ever, produced i cultivatio Limited seed productio miimizes risk of escape Ladscapig ad orametal value