Raspberry Cultivars for North Dakota Wenhao (David) Dai Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University Fruit production in ND North Dakota is one of the leading states in agriculture. Fruit production is limited. Ranked 49 th (USDA, 0) April, 09 Fargo, ND Berries (64) Grapes (6) Cherries (6) Apples () Apricots () Others () Raspberries (0) Strawbwrries (8) Blueberries (4) Blackberries () Others () Growing fruit in ND is a challenge Advantages for fruit production in ND Harsh winter A short growing season Unexpected extreme weather Early or late frost Strong wind Hailstorm Irregular rainfall Alkaline soil A long daytime A great d/n temperature difference A cool growing season Good size farmsteads and yards Beautify your yard Fresh and healthy fruits Cut down your grocery budget A great family outdoor activity Climate isn t a big problem 4
Fruit species in ND Raspberry is a good choice Apple Pear Peach Cherries Plum Apricot o Strawberry oraspberry ogrape o Chokecherry ocurrant o Gooseberry ojuneberry oaronia Raspberry is a small to medium shrub In the rose (Rosaceae) family. Red raspberry: Rubus idaeus Black raspberry: Rubus occidentalis Purple raspberry: Hybrid (Red x Black) Hardiness red>purple>black www.raspberries.us/ 5 6 Raspberries are rich in nutrients Nutritional High in fiber, Vc, and Ca. Medicinal High oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and high activity of carcinogenesis inhibition. Supplement Processed products can be the supplement of other foods. 7 Table Fruit ORAC scores -USDA Food Serving size ORAC (μmol per 00g) Chokeberry 00 grams 6,06 Cranberry cup (whole berries) 9,584 Blueberry cup (cultivated berries) 9,09 Blackberry cup (cultivated berries) 7,70 Raspberry cup 6,058 Strawberry cup 5,98 Granny Smith apple apple 5,8 Pecan oz 5,095 Sweet cherry cup 4,87 Black plum plum 4,844 Plum plum 4,8 Gala apple apple,90 Pomegranate 00 grams,860 8
Characteristics of raspberry Characteristics of raspberry Raspberries like cool summer and moderate winter. o Some raspberry cultivars are hardy in zone -4. o Raspberry fruits are perishable and fresh sales are largely restricted to local markets. Two types Primocane: fruiting in the summer and fall on the current year growth Floricane: fruiting only in the summer on the last year growth https://extension.umn.edu/fruit/growing -raspberries-home-garden https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7 00&context=extension_curall 9 0 Planting and cultivation Planting and training Soil Well drained; high organic nitrogen Sandy loam preferred ph 6.0-6.5 (tolerates 4.5 to 7.5) Planting: spring and early summer recommended. Fertilization: early spring at 5-6 lbs (0-0-0)/00 feet of planting row or ½ cup per clump. Weed control: mulching helps. http://www.umext.maine.edu/onlinepubs/htmpubs/066.htm
Pruning Raspberry field trials at NDSU Floricane raspberries (NDSU campus) Field evaluation of introduced raspberry cultivars for winter hardiness, fruit quality, and productivity in ND. Primocane raspberries (NDSU campus) http://www.umext.maine.edu/onlinepubs/htmpubs/066.htm 4 Table A list of raspberry cultivars for field evaluation in ND Floricane cultivars Prelude Boyne Nova Primocane cultivars Polana Polka Caroline Killarney Joan J. Encore Latham Meeker Amethyst Royalty Mac Black Heritage Autumn Britten Autumn Bliss Himbo-Top BP- Anne Field performance of raspberries NDSU Horticulture Research Farm at Absaraka, ND 5 6 4
Fig. The winter damage index of floricane raspberries in ND (06, 07) Fig. The winter damage index of primocane raspberries in ND (06, 07) The winter damage Index.5.5.5 0.5 0 0.05 0.0 0.05 0.08 0. 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9.5 The winter Damage Index.5.5.5 0.5 0 0.75.5.455.465.65.085.085 Hardiness evaluation: 0: no visual damage; : <0% bud died; : 0-50% buds died; : 5-75% buds died; 4: >75% buds died; and 5: all above ground died. Hardiness evaluation: 0: no visual damage; : <0% bud died; : 0-50% buds died; : 5-75% buds died; 4: >75% buds died; and 5: all above ground died. 7 8 Table Fruit quality of tested floricane raspberries (06, 08) Table 4 Fruit quality of tested primocane raspberries (06, 08) Cultivar Weight (g)/fruit 5% fruit harvested SSC (Brix) Fruit firmness Flavor Cultivar Weight (g)/fruit 5% fruit harvested SSC (Brix) Fruit firmness Flavor Prelude.0 0-Jun 9.5 MF G Boyne.87 8-Jun 0.5 MF G Polana.7 -Aug 8.5 VF VG Joan J.8 7-Aug 9.6 F VG-E BP-. 7-Aug.5 VF E Nova.97 0-Jun 0.6 VF G-VG Killarney.4 8-Jun 0.8 F VG Autumn Bliss.98 -Aug 0. MF VG Encore.9 8-Jul 9.8 F G Caroline. 0-Aug 8 F VG Latham.77 -Jul MF-F G-VG Meeker.85 -Jul.5 F VG Amethyst. 8-Jul 0.9 S-MF VG Autumn Britten.5 -Aug 9.5 VF VG Anne.5 -Aug 0.9 F-VF G-VG Himbo-Top.0 5-Aug 9.8 F-VF G Royalty.6 -Jul 0. MF G Mack Black.9 -Jul 0.8 VF G-VG * SSC: soluble solid content; F: firm, MF: medium firm; VF: very firm; S: soft; G: good; and VG: very good; E: excellent; ** Polka did not produce fruits in 06. 9 Heritage.8 -Sep.5 F-VF E * SSC: soluble solid content; F: firm, MF: medium firm; VF: very firm; S: soft; G: good; and VG: very good; E: excellent; ** Polka did not produce fruits in 06. 0 5
Raspberry cultivars suggested for ND Floricane cultivars o Prelude (earliest, double cropping) o Boyne (early) o Killarney (early) o Nova (early) o Latham (mid-late) o Encore (mid-late) o Amethyst (purple, mid-late) Raspberry cultivars suggested for ND o Primocane cultivars o Polana o Joan J (thornless) o Anne (yellow) Polana Joan J Anne Prelude Boyne Killarney Nova Latham Encore https://www.google.com/search?biw=90&bih=969&tbm=isch&sa=&ei=etppw9rqpitmjwsoyuwbw&q=raspberry+fruit+images&oq=raspberry&gs_l=img..0.5i9j0i67j0j0i67j0j0 i67l4j0.59.59..6595...0.0..0.54.54...gws-wiz-img.5i7evv4tvme https://www.google.com/search?biw=90&bih=969&tbm=isch&sa=&ei=etppw9rqpitmjwsoyuwbw&q=raspberry+fruit+image s&oq=raspberry&gs_l=img..0.5i9j0i67j0j0i67j0j0i67l4j0.59.59..6595...0.0..0.54.54...gws-wizimg.5i7evv4tvme Protected production 6