Vine Culture in emerging wine regions of Northern and Eastern Europe - development, varieties and possibilities- Anja Antes ANTES Weinbau Service GmbH - grafting and winegrowing
Agenda Introduction Development of Viticulture in Eastern and Northern Europe Varieties established new possibilities Worth mentioning Summary
Antes nurseries and winegrowing
Antes nurseries and winegrowing 1952: foundation by Vinzenz Antes 1994: handover to Reinhard and Helmut Antes 2014: enter of Anja Antes
Antes nurseries and winegrowing 43 ha (106 acre) vineyards / reproduction fields comparisons of over 400 varieties and clones table grapes Rootstocks 1.400.000 sold plants / year working together with German viticulture institutes: Geisenheim, Freiburg, Weinsberg
Export share 2013 Germany abroad
Export Countries projects + Canada + China + Vietnam + Thailand Export to more than 30 countries (focus on emerging wine regions of Northern and Eastern Europe)
Antes nurseries and winegrowing Complete Service supplies for vineyards (poles, wires, tubes ) consulting and planning (soil-analysis, ) project management und realisation
Winnica Srebrna Góra (Winery Silberberg, Krakow) Vineyard at Silver Mountain
Arildsvingaard, Sweden Biggest winery in Sweden
Extreme rising number of plantings
WHY rising number of plantings? - Climate Change - Chances of laws: legal possibility to grow and to sell wine - Interest in (new) culture hope to earn money with this (new) type of agriculture - State subsidy - trend to drink regional wines consumption of wine increased
Current situation Lots of hobby-winegrowers Romania, 2014 Lots of non-cultivated old vineyard (-regions) (esp. Eastern Europe) Often investors starting big projects reactivate old vineyards search for good location No long-term experience
What varieties can you find? Known ones (also planted in Middle Ages Medieval Warm Period): Riesling Kerner and Kernling Auxerrois Traminer Tauberschwarz (= Süßrot, Grobrot, Quille de Coq, Vanberschwarz, Vicsanka) in old historic vineyards (monasteries): Old Hybrids: frost-resistant, no plant protection necessary cause: no possibility to spray (supply problem in communism)
General requirements for varieties from our customers frost-resistant the eastern the more important fungus-resistant taste like cultivated vinifera varieties (Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, ) easy growing-requirements in vineyard few laterals late bud break and productive secondary buds stable flowering early end of vegetation good wood ripening
PIWI fungus-resistant varieties Does not mean: non-grafted or grafted hybrids / interspecific (France) Does mean: New cultures after 1950 with the type of Vitis vinifera ~ 93 % European genetic material need taxonomic classification as Vitis vinifera for winemaking in Europe Why Piwi? Less spraying / less running tractor sustainable viticulture cost-effective viticulture Decrease soil pollution Traditional viticulture and preserving nature frost-resistant and taste of Vinifera (Regner, Rebenzüchtung für pilzwiderstandsfähige Rebsorten, 2011 http://weinverkostung.com/2011/06/19/rebenzuechtung-fuerpilzwiderstandsfaehige-rebsorten-piwis/)
Development of Piwis in emerging wine regions in Europe Increasing demand for Piwis abroad esp. Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland, Czech Republic 5,000 hectars (12,355 acre) of Piwis worldwide Solaris, Rondo, Regent, Johanniter, Bronner, Souvignier Gris, Cabernet Cortis, Hibernal Der Badische Winzer, 2014 Volker Jörger Easier to handle than Riesling, Pinot Noir, Seems to be suitable
Varieties established the most sold Solaris Regent Cabernet Cortis Johanniter Rondo PIWI-segment 2015 80% 20% PIWI "normal"
Top 10: Sold Piwi Varieties in 2015 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Solaris Regent Souvignier gris Cabernet Cortis Muscaris Johanniter Rondo Seyval blanc Hibernal Monarch
Varieties SOLARIS (FR 240-75) parents Merzling x (Saperawi x Muscat Ottonel) - 1975 frost-resistance fungus-resistance bud break ripening Yield must weight Wine Vineyard Other aspects: - 23 C (-9.4 F) up to 28 C (-18.4 F) - J. Lisek very high against downy and powdery mildew high against Botrytis early very early (7-14 days before Müller-Thurgau) middle (between Pinot Gris and Müller Thurgau) average (33 harvesting): 125 kg/are (27,557 lbs/acre) (Acid: 7,3 g/l - 106 Oe (25.1 % Brix) very high - usually over 100 Oe (23,8 % Brix) (in first decade of September) full-bodied with pronounced fruitiness - especially with mash contact and a cool fermentation (necessary!?!) exotic fruits; dry wines reminiscent of Chardonnay; residual sugar wines reminiscent of Sauvignon Blanc low claims on location; very strong growth leaf-work Too early for Germany new wine (federweisser) In northern Italy in about 1000 meters above sea level
Solaris (FR 240-75)
Varieties REGENT parents Diana (Silvaner x Müller-Thurgau) x Chambourcin (S.V. 12-417 x Chancellor) - 1967 frost-resistance High against winterfrost fungus-resistance bud break ripening Yield must weight Wine Vineyard Other aspects: Powdery mildew: high; downy mildew: very high Botrytis: high better than Rondo Slightly deferred middle-early Medium (slightly above Pinot Noir) High (Pinot Noir); must acidity: medium (slightly below Pinot Noir) Deep red; full bodied Bordeaux style, sometimes hints of blackcurrant > 85 Oe (20.5 % Brix): sometimes wine gets brown (Oxidation) Susceptible to magnesium deficiency; berries fall off when very ripe 1995: entry into the German Federal Office s Varieties Register 2000: 350 hectars (86.5 acre) 2004: 2037 hectars (5033.5 acre) in
Varieties Regent
Varieties RONDO (6494-5 Gm) parents Zarya Severa (descendant vitis amurensis) x Saint Laurent 1964 frost-resistance fungus-resistance bud break ripening Yield Very high; early and very good wood ripening (~ -25 C/ -13 F) Downy mildew: middle; powdery mildew: high; Early-middle; very early flowering time Very early Medium-high must weight Wine Medium with medium must acidity Dark ruby red, full-bodied without any strange tone Vineyard Medium-high strength of growth, but shoots tend to hang downwards, can be grown on any site, wasps
Varieties Rondo
Varieties CABERNET CORTIS (FR 437-82 r) parents Cabernet Sauvignon x Solaris 1982 frost-resistance fungusresistance bud break ripening Yield good -22 C to 25 C (-7.6 to -13 F); very good wood ripening powdery mildew: very good to good; downy mildew: very good Like Pinot Noir but flowering 5-10 days before Pinot Noir Few days before Pinot Noir Medium (to high) 135-150 kg / are (29,762-33,069lbs/acre) must weight Wine Vineyard High 6-10 Oechsle above Pinot Noir (~ 87 Oe / 20.9 % Brix) Strong, strong tannins, intense colour, Very herby intense Cabernet Style; rich in extract and phonolics Is suitable for barrique or oak barrels Needs possibly magnesia during vegetation (spraying), because of its tendency to stem-atrophy
Varieties Cabernet Cortis
Varieties CABERNET CANTOR (FR 523-89 r) parents Seibel 70-53 x (Merzling x (Zara severa x Muscat Ottonel)) - 1989 frost-resistance? fungus-resistance bud break ripening Yield Very high Few days after Pinot Noir One week before Pinot Noir Medium high (125-145 kg / are / 27,557-31,967 lbs/acre) must weight Wine High (4-8 Oe above Pinot Noir) Spicy, aromatic, milder style of Cabernet, similar to Merlot intense in colour
Cabernet Cantor (Foto: Lieselehof) Cabernet Cantor (Foto: winnica sandomierska)
Varieties JOHANNITER (FR) parents Riesling x (Seyve Villard 12-481 x (x Chasselas Pinot Gris)) - 1968 frost-resistance fungus-resistance bud break ripening Yield must weight Wine Vineyard Other aspects: Good ~-24 C (-11.2 F) (very) good against powdery and downy mildew Like Riesling Medium between Silvaner and Riesling (like Pinot Blanc) dark points on surface of skin Medium-high 133 kg / are (29,321 lbs/acre) Riesling: 120 kg / are (26,455 lbs/acre) High (86 Oe 20.7 % Brix) 9.2 g/l must acid Powerful (between Pinot Gris and Riesling) very fruity soft acid Reminiscent of tangerine, melon and pear apple, citrus During process in cellar: taking care of acid Compact cluster; rather strong growth, safe flowering, (low) risk of chlorosis with wrong rootstock Very similar to the mother variety Riesling Works in polish climate, but in warmer areas in colder: only a few clusters have the chance to mature (Lysek) photo: Wacek Winogrona.org
Varieties SOUVIGNIER GRIS (FR 392-83) parents Cabernet Sauvignon x Bronner 1983 frost-resistance? fungus-resistance bud break ripening Yield Against downy mildew: very high; Against powdery mildew: high Similar to Pinot Gris Similar to Pinot Gris Medium (110-140 kg / are / 24,250-30,864 lbs/acre) must weight Wine High (88-98 Oe / 21.2-23.4 % Brix) and 6.5-8.0 g/l must acid Similar to Pinot Gris with more acid Strong, neutral to fruity Vineyard Other aspects: Clusters: medium size, a little bit compact Shooting star
Varieties MUSCARIS (FR 493-87) parents Solaris x Muskateller 1987 frost-resistance? less high than Solaris photo: Ricci Winogrona.org fungus-resistance bud break ripening Yield Downy mildew: very high; powdery mildew: high Similar to Pinots Similar to Pinot Blanc / Riesling Medium (110 kg/are / 24,250 lbs/acre) max. Pinot Gris must weight Wine Vineyard Very high 90-105 Oe (21.6-24.9 % Brix) 6.8-7.5 g/l must acid Muscat- (nutmeg)-aroma, very high quality wine Acid Sometimes like Gewürztraminer Low risk to stem-nekrosis Other aspects:
Varieties HIBERNAL (322-58 Gm) parents Seibel 7053 x Riesling clone 239 frost-resistance fungus-resistance bud break ripening Yield Very good good (-28 C / -18.4 F) Downy mildew: very good; powdery mildew: good early Medium late Medium (114 kg/are / 25,132 lbs/acre) must weight Wine High (97 Oe / 22 % Brix); higher than Riesling, but less acid (3 g/l under Riesling) Spicy, fruity, full-bodied Very aromatic (Sauvignon Blanc, Scheurebe/Seedling 88) Vineyard Other aspects: Less tendency for site positioning shoots; because of late ripening good site necessary A little bit compact
Hibernal Old variety but presently increasing number of plantings (Czech Republic), because of trend for aroma-varieties (Aroma of Sauvignon Blanc)
Crossings of Valentin Blattner Fotos Freytag VB 91-26-29 Cabernet blanc Cal 604 Cabertin Pinotin Cabernet noir VB 91-26-4 Trend: later ripening than WBI-Crossings, not much results concerning winter hardness More information about these varieties: Session L Friday 1 pm Mr. Valentin Blattner Switzerland
Own vineyard with 32 varieties (2015)- 3 hectares Freiburg Geisenheim Blattner JK-Institute - Solaris Rondo Cabertin Calardis blanc - Muscaris Allegro Cabernet blanc - Souvignier gris Accent Pinotin - Johanniter Bolero Cabernet noir Innovitis (Italy) - Helios Saphira VB 91-26-29 Aromera - Cabernet Cortis Cal 604 - Cabernet Cantor - Monarch Agroscope (Switzerland) - Baron Divico
New varieties from Geisenheim in testing Variety Years Yield g/sq m Oechsle Acid(must) g/l Botrytis % av. date of harvesting Gm 8107-3 2006-2015 2414 92,3 8,5 2-5 07. Oct Gm 9224-2 2006-2015 1566 108,2 6,9 5-15 15. Oct. Gm 9620-5 2009-2015 1412 97,7 10 2 20. Oct. Parents for crossing: mother father Gm 8107-3 Ehrenbreitsteiner Fr 52-64 Gm 9224-3 Gm 7116-29 Bronner Gm 9620-5 Saphira Bronner
9224-2 Gm 8107-3 Gm photos: Prof. Dr. Joachim Schmid
Divico (Switzerland) Agroscope establish Divico (Gamaret x Bronner) IRAC 2091 Good resistance against Botrytis, Good to very good against Peronospora, Oidium Yield: medium; must weight: high Wines: like Gamaret Quality (berries, full bodied), dark colour, strong in tannins
Aromera (Innovitis) Resistance: Peronospora: good to very good Oidium: good Botrytis: very good Yield: Ripening: medium 2 weeks after Chardonnay Wine: fine Muscat with juicy acidity, aromatic if well-ripened Probably good for sparkling No information about frost-resistance photos: Innovitis
Calardis Blanc Parents: Gf.Ga-47-42 x Seyve Villard 39-639 Late bud break Ripening similar to Riesling Yield: similar to Riesling Low tendency for side positioning shoots Very vertical growth Wines: versatile aroma, spicy, lively acidity JKI-Institute
New Varieties from Freiburg For the first time: varieties with genetic material from Muscadinia (difficult because of its differences in chromosome number) Freiburg expects additional resistance against virus and phylloxera Muscadinia rotundifolia (Wikipedia) Muscadinia rotundifolia was also used from University Davis for crossing virus-tolerant rootstocks Rotundifolia has very high resistance to nematodes and phylloxera and to foliar pests like powdery and downy mildew, black rot, and anthracnose
New Varieties from Freiburg Red FR 628-2005 FR 629-2005 FR 630-2005 FR 632-2005 FR 624-2002 White FR 623-2002 FR 631-2005
emerging wine regions worth mentioning in general Many old hybrids no acceptance of taste? Increasing number of plantings of Piwi New wineries with additional offers wellness, restaurant, holiday, Often (investors) plants large areas at once Still problems in legal frameworks for example Sweden: no authorisation for sprays in plant protection Limited Experience in cellar (and vineyard) no long-term experience Contact partner for problems/information? Internet
Piwis - Chance? Worth mentioning in vineyard Easier to handle (esp. spraying) good for emerging wine regions frost-resistance about 25 C, but wines with vinifera-flavour frost-protection still important (hill up, wind machines, exposition of vineyard, trellis system, soil temperature, ) plant-protection is important (also for wood ripening, healthy leaf) Use rootstocks for earlier end of vegetation more wood ripeness more frost-resistance Balance in vineyard!
Piwi Chance? Worth mentioning in marketing/selling Piwis: young varieties with new names and taste of vinifera no guarantee for acceptance by customers Wines of Piwi are opportunities in markets with no or less tradition and with customers which are not focused at specific varieties with focus on low CO2-fingerprint for Cuvee with known varieties sustainable winegrowing as concept in marketing?
Future? Number of plantings will still increase More knowledge and experiences Piwis will become more famous New varieties? new Piwis or more traditional varieties? New Wine Market in Europe
Summary Large dynamic in planting in emerging wine regions of Northern and Eastern Europe In northern/eastern winegrowing regions of Europe PIWIs are the mostsold vines In Germany: Acceptance by customers only in combination with good marketing More information about viticulture in emerging wine regions of Northern and Eastern Europe: Cool Climate Conference 2010 Presentation of speakers (from Germany, Canada, Poland, Denmark, Finland, ): http://www.traubenshow.de/index.php/cool-climate-winegrowing-klimawandel-undwein/ccc-conference-heppenheim
Thank you! www.antes.de Email: weinbau.antes@t-online.de
QUESTIONS? Reinhard Antes & Anja Antes www.antes.de weinbau.antes@t-online.de