EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... ES-1 I. INTRODUCTION... 1 The Global Packaging Industry... 1 Metal Can Categories... 2 A Brief History of Metal Cans... 5 Major Developments and Trends... 6 Market Saturation... 7 Product Mix... 7 Industry Structure... 8 Materials Usage... 10 Merchant Versus Captive Canmaking... 11 Globalization and the Emerging Middle Class... 12 Competitive Materials and Systems... 17 Technical Developments... 18 Two-Piece and Three-Piece Cans... 18 Stock and Custom Cans... 20 Polymer-Coated Metals... 21 Bisphenol-A and Can Coatings... 22 The Nemo Can... 24 II. CANMAKING MATERIALS... 25 Steel... 25 Tin Mill Products... 28 Tinplate Production and Consumption... 31 Tin... 42 Aluminum... 45 Can Sheet Producers... 48
III. METAL CAN PRODUCERS... 58 United States and Canada... 61 Latin America... 76 Mexico... 76 Brazil... 78 Other Countries... 82 Europe... 83 The Middle East and North Africa... 95 Sub-Saharan Africa... 100 South Asia... 103 East Asia... 105 Korea... 105 Japan... 107 The People s Republic of China... 111 Southeast Asia... 116 Malaysia... 117 Indonesia... 117 Thailand... 118 Vietnam... 120 Australia and New Zealand... 121 IV. END-USES MARKETS FOR METAL CANS... 123 Carbonated Soft Drinks... 125 Soft Drink Companies... 128 The Coca-Cola Company... 129 PepsiCo, Inc.... 131 Other Companies... 132
Energy Drinks... 133 Beer... 136 Industry Structure... 139 Canned Food... 143 Vegetables... 145 Fruit... 150 Fruit and Vegetable Juices... 153 Meat, Poultry, and Seafood... 154 Dairy Products... 162 Coffee... 163 Soup... 165 Pet Food... 167 General Line Packaging... 169 Aerosol Containers... 170 V. COMPETITIVE MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS... 173 Glass Containers... 173 End-Use Markets... 175 Industry Structure... 176 Aluminum Bottles... 178 Plastics... 180 Rigid Plastic Containers... 181 Industry Structure... 183 Flexible Packaging... 184
VI. METAL CANS AND THE ENVIRONMENT... 186 Recovery and Recycling of Aluminum Cans... 187 Novelis Evercan... 191 Recovery and Recycling of Steel Cans... 192 Mandatory Deposit Legislation... 194 VII. OUTLOOK AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES... 197 The Domestic Metal Can Business is Well Into its Mature Stage... 197 Beverage Cans are the Most Dynamic Part of the Industry, But Future Growth is Not Guaranteed... 203 Worldwide Food Can Growth Will Be Slow But Steady... 207 Aluminum Aerosols... 208 Canmaking Materials... 208 Conclusions and Future Opportunities... 209 REFERENCES AND METHODOLOGY... 211
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY LIST OF EXHIBITS ES-1 Metal Can Shipments by Category... ES-3 ES-2 Global Food Cans 2013... ES-12 ES-3 Food Can Shipments 1977-2012... ES-16 ES-4 Global Beverage Can Market 2015... ES-19 I. INTRODUCTION I-1 Global Consumer Packaging by End-Use... 2 I-2 Global Consumer Packaging by Material... 2 I-3 Metal Can Shipments by Category... 4 I-4 Metal Can Growth Rates... 7 I-5 Population by Age... 13 I-6 World Population Growth... 14 I-7 World Population Estimates... 15 I-8 Consumer Packaged Goods... 16 I-9 Food Cans by Technology... 20 I-10 Stock Versus Custom Beverage Cans... 21 II. CANMAKING MATERIALS II-1 Top Steel Producing Companies... 26 II-2 World Steel Production... 27 II-3 Tin Coating Weights... 30 II-4 Major West European Tinplate Producers... 34 II-5 Japan Tin Mill Producers... 38 II-6 Chinese Tinplate Production... 39 II-7 World Tin Use by Application... 43 II-8 World Production of Refined Tin... 44 II-9 World Consumption of Refined Tin... 44 II-10 Composition of Aluminum Alloys Used in Canmaking... 46
III. METAL CAN PRODUCERS LIST OF EXHIBITS III-1 Major Metal Can Suppliers United States and Europe... 59 III-2 Global Can Manufacturing Lines... 60 III-3 Food Cans/Beverage Cans- U.S. Market Shares... 62 III-4 Crown Holdings Net Sales by Division... 66 III-5 Crown Holdings Net Sales by Product... 66 III-6 Ball Corporation Net Sales by Segment... 67 III-7 Silgan Metal Food Container Acquisitions... 72 III-8 Silgan Holdings Net Sales by Product... 73 III-9 BWAY Corporation Net Sales by Segment... 73 III-1 Brazil Aluminum Beverage Cans80 III-11 Brazil Aluminum Beverage Cans Market Share... 81 III-12 European Beverage Can Shipments... 85 III-13 Beverage Can Manufacturing Plants in Europe... 86 III-14 Crown Europe Food Can/Closures and Aerosol Plants... 88 III-15 Ardagh Food Can/Closures and General Line Plants... 89 III-16 Per Capita Can Consumption Middle East/North Africa... 98 III-17 Toyo Seikan Overseas Operations... 109 III-18 Two-Piece Beverage Cans Chinese Market Share... 113 IV. END-USE MARKETS FOR METAL CANS IV-1 Global Food Cans... 124 IV-2 U.S. Carbonated Soft Drink Market... 126 IV-3 Carbonated Soft Drink Market Share 1990-2012... 128 IV-4 Carbonated Soft Drink Consumption by Country... 133 IV-5 United States Energy Drink Volume... 134 IV-6 Beer Packaging Trends... 138 IV-7 Global Beer Production... 141 IV-8 Ten Largest Global Beer Brands... 142
LIST OF EXHIBITS IV-9 Canned Vegetables/Tomatoes Market Share... 146 IV-10 Per Capita Consumption Canned Fruits and Vegetables... 151 IV-11 Canned Fruit Market Share... 152 IV-12 Canned Meat Products... 155 IV-13 Canned Tuna... 157 IV-14 Domestic Production of Canned Fishery Products... 158 IV-15 Per Capita Canned Seafood Consumption... 161 IV-16 Canned Pet Food Market Share- 2012... 169 V. COMPETITIVE MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS V-1 U.S. Glass Container Shipments... 175 V-2 Aluminum Bottles 2012... 180 VI. METAL CANS AND THE ENVIRONMENT VI-1 Aluminum Can Recycling 1975-2012... 188 VI-2 European Aluminum Can Recycling Rates 2010... 190 VI-3 European Steel Can Recycling Rates 2011... 193 VI-4 Summary of State Deposit Laws... 196 VII. OUTLOOK AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES VII-1 United States Beverage Can Shipments... 198 VII-2 Food Can Shipments 1977-2012... 201 VII-3 Global Beverage Can Market 2017... 205