Famil: Mrtaceae Taxo: Szgium samaragese Som: Eugeia javaica Lam. Jambosa javaica (Lam.) K.Schum. & Lauterb Mrtus samaragesis Blume Eugeia samaragesis (Blume) O.Berg Commo Name: wax jambu Semarag rose apple Java apple Questioaire : curret 20090513 Assessor: Assessor Desigatio: L Status: Assessor Approved Data Etr Perso: Assessor WRA Score 0 101 Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, =-1 103 Does the species have weed races? =1, =-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio 205 302 Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, =-1 405 Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 Prit Date: 4/26/2013 Szgium samaragese (Mrtaceae) Page 1 of 7
410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, =-1 603 Hbridizes aturall =1, =-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic =1, =-1 605 Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, =-1 607 Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, >3 4+ ears = -1 701 Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, =-1 703 Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, =-1 704 Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, =-1 705 Propagules water dispersed =1, =-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed =1, =-1 707 Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, =-1 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, =-1 801 Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, =-1 802 Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, =-1 803 Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, =-1 805 Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: L WRA Score 0 Prit Date: 4/26/2013 Szgium samaragese (Mrtaceae) Page 2 of 7
Supportig Data: 101 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicial ad No- Medicial Plats. Volume 3, Fruits. Spriger, New 102 2013. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA 103 2013. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA [Is the species highl domesticated? No] "Sice the last two decades remarkable success has bee achieved i the developmet of wax jambu varieties which are larger, firmer, crispier, juicier, better flavoured ad mildl sweeter ad have better hadlig ad keepig qualities." [Assessmet refers to the wild tpe] 201 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicial ad No- [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Java apple is Medicial Plats. Volume 3, Fruits. Spriger, New idigeous i Bagladesh to the Solomo Islads." 202 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicial ad No- [Qualit of climate match data 2-High] Medicial Plats. Volume 3, Fruits. Spriger, New 203 1987. Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates - Java Apple (Szgium samaragese). J.F. Morto, [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)?] "The Java apple is extra tropical, growig ol at the lower altitudes up to 4,000 ft (1,220m) i Idia. It does best i parts of the Philippies that have a log dr seaso." [Elevatio rage http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto/java_ exceeds 1000 m i tropical climates, but ukow for subtropical latitudes] 203 2003. Llamas, K.A.. Tropical Flowerig Plats. [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)?] "zoes 10-11" Timber Press, Portlad, OR 204 1987. Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates - Java Apple (Szgium samaragese). J.F. Morto, [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "The tree is idigeous from Malaa to the Adama ad Nicobar Islads where there are wild trees i the coastal forests. It was itroduced ito the Philippies i http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto/java_ prehistoric times ad is widel grow throughout those islads." 204 2007. Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis 205 1982. Amerso Jr, A.B./Whistler, W.A./Schwaer, T.D.. Wildlife ad wildlife habitat of America Samoa. II. Accouts of flora ad faua. US Fish ad Wildlife Service, Hoolulu, HI [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Cultivated i Fujia, Guagdog, Guagxi, Sichua, Taiwa, ad Yua [ative to Idoesia, Malasia, Papua New Guiea, ad Thailad]." [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Yes] "Szgium samaragese (Bl.) Merr. & Perr. Nou vao (?): A small to medium-sized tree, occasioal from the lowlad to cloud forest. Foud also i Fiji, Toga, Niue, the Hore Islads, ad elsewhere. It ma be a recet itroductio; it was ot collected i Samoa util 193 1, but ow it is fairl commo ad occurs o all the high islads of Samoa" 205 1987. Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates - Java Apple (Szgium samaragese). J.F. Morto, [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Yes "It is commo i Thailad, Cambodia, Laos, Vietam ad Taiwa, frequetl cultivated i Idia ad i Zazibar ad Pemba, but primaril as a http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto/java_ orametal, seldom for its fruits which are little valued. It was itroduced ito Jamaica before 1903 ad also ito Suriam ad the islads of Curacao, Aruba ad Boaire. A few trees have bee grow i Israel but have bore sparsel." 301 1998. Whistler, A.. A Stud of the Rare Plats of America Samoa. US Fsh & Wildlife Service, Hoolulu, HI [Naturalized beod ative rage? Yes] "Small to medium-sized tree commo i coastal to motae forest, reported from 20 to 740 m elevatio. Probabl a moder itroductio ad aturalized as it is o Niue, ative to Malasia." 301 2006. Whistler, W.A./Elevitch, C.R.. Szgium malaccese (Mala apple), ver. 2.1. I:Elevitch, C.R. (ed.). Species Profiles for Pacific Islad [Naturalized beod ative rage? Yes] "It is also similar to Szgium samaragese, a tree sometimes cultivated i the Pacific ad becomig aturalized i ative forests." Grogorestr. Permaet Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, HI http://www.traditioaltree.org/ 301 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicial ad No- [Naturalized beod ative rage? Yes] "It has aturalized i the Philippies sice Medicial Plats. Volume 3, Fruits. Spriger, New prehistoric times." 302 2012. Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No] No evidece Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia 303 2012. Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No] No evidece Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia 304 2012. Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia [Evirometal weed? No] No evidece Prit Date: 4/26/2013 Szgium samaragese (Mrtaceae) Page 3 of 7
305 2003. Weber, E.. Ivasive Plat Species of the World. A Referece Guide to Evirometal Weeds. CABI Publishig, Walligford, UK [Cogeeric weed? Yes] "Szgium jambos: It is ivasive because it forms dese impeetrable thickets that expad rapidl. The dese caopies shade out almost all ative species ad lead to moospecific stads. The tree resprouts vigorousl after damage." 401 1987. Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates - Java Apple (Szgium samaragese). J.F. Morto, [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No] "The tree, 16 to 50 ft (5-15 m) tall, has a short truk 10 to 12 i (25-30 cm) thick, ad ope, widespreadig crow, ad pikish gra, flakig bark. The opposite leaves are earl sessile, elliptic-oblog, http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto/java_ rouded or slightl cordate at the base; ellowish to dark bluish gree; 4 to 10 i (10-25 cm) log ad 2 to 4 3/4 i (5-12 cm) wide; ver aromatic whe crushed." 402 2003. Fujii, Y./Parvez, S. S./Parvez, M.M./Ohmae, Y./Iida, O.. Screeig of 239 medicial plat species for allelopathic activit usig the sadwich method. Weed Biolog ad Maagemet. 3: 233 241. 403 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicial ad No- [Parasitic? No] Mrtaceae Medicial Plats. Volume 3, Fruits. Spriger, New 404 2005. CAB Iteratioal. Forestr Compedium. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK 405 2008. Wagstaff, D.J.. Iteratioal poisoous plats checklist: a evidece-based referece. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL 406 2009. Orwa, C./Mutua, A./Kidt, R./Jamadass, R./Simos, A.. Agroforestree Database:a tree referece ad selectio guide versio 4.0. World Agroforestr Cetre, 407 2009. Orwa, C./Mutua, A./Kidt, R./Jamadass, R./Simos, A.. Agroforestree Database:a tree referece ad selectio guide versio 4.0. World Agroforestr Cetre, 408 2009. Orwa, C./Mutua, A./Kidt, R./Jamadass, R./Simos, A.. Agroforestree Database:a tree referece ad selectio guide versio 4.0. World Agroforestr Cetre, 409 2003. Llamas, K.A.. Tropical Flowerig Plats. Timber Press, Portlad, OR 409 2013. Dave's Garde. PlatFiles: Java Apple, Java Rose Apple, Samarag Rose Apple, Water Apple, Wax Jambu, Wax Apple Szgium samaragese. http://davesgarde.com/guides/pf/go/57647/ [Accessed 26 Apr 2013] [Allelopathic? No] "Table 1. Screeig of leaf litter of 239 medicial plat species uder differet families usig the sadwich method" [No sigificat ihibitor effects listed for Eugeia javaica] [Upalatable to grazig aimals? No. Presumabl palatable based o palatabilit of related species] "It is a multipurpose tree which is highl valued for its edible fruits (also used mediciall), ad as a fodder tree (foliage ad seeds are both utilized)...susceptible to browsig" [Relative S. cumii is palatable to grazig aimals] [Toxic to aimals? No] No evidece [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? Ukow] "Pests ad Diseases - There are o specific recommedatios for crop protectio, but the icidece of pests ad diseases certail warrats a stud of the causal orgaisms ad their cotrol." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No] "Food: The tree is grow for their fruit, which substitute for oe aother i the marketplace. It is ot eas to distiguish betwee the various S. aqueum ad S. samaragese fruits. The ripe fruit is sweet ad is mail eate fresh." [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No] "The trees are at home i fairl moist tropical lowlads up to 1200 m elevatio." [No evidece, ad ulikel give moist habitat] [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle?] "Full to part su] [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle?] "Su Exposure: Full Su" 409 2013. Desert Tropicals. Java Apple, Makopa - Szgium samaragese. Fauco, P., http://www.deserttropicals.com/plats/mrtaceae/szgium_samara gese.html [Accessed 26 Apr 2013] [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle?] "Su Exposure: Light shade to full su" 410 2009. Orwa, C./Mutua, A./Kidt, R./Jamadass, R./Simos, A.. Agroforestree Database:a tree referece ad selectio guide versio 4.0. World Agroforestr Cetre, 411 2007. Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? No] "Soil tpes: The trees prefer heav soils ad eas access to water istead of havig to search for water i light deep soils." [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] "Trees, to 12 m tall." Prit Date: 4/26/2013 Szgium samaragese (Mrtaceae) Page 4 of 7
412 2006. Seamo, J.O./Ma, S.S./Steele, O.C./Utzurrum, R.C.. Coservatio Value of Remat Forest Patches: Tree Compositio, Spatial Patters, ad Recruitmet i the Ottoville Lowlad Forest, America Samoa. Pacific Sciece. 60(3): 319-332. 412 2009. Orwa, C./Mutua, A./Kidt, R./Jamadass, R./Simos, A.. Agroforestree Database:a tree referece ad selectio guide versio 4.0. World Agroforestr Cetre, 501 2009. Orwa, C./Mutua, A./Kidt, R./Jamadass, R./Simos, A.. Agroforestree Database:a tree referece ad selectio guide versio 4.0. World Agroforestr Cetre, 502 2007. Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis 503 2007. Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis 504 2007. Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis [Forms dese thickets? Not i America Samoa] "Secod, the radoml distributed but relativel ucommo Szgium samaragese ma be at geerall icreased risk of local extictio (Boughto ad Malvadkar 2002)." [Forms dese thickets? No] No evidece [Aquatic? No] "The trees are at home i fairl moist tropical lowlads up to 1200 m elevatio. Wax jambu grows best i areas with a fairl log dr seaso. This does ot mea that this species is drought-resistat." [Grass? No] Mrtaceae [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Mrtaceae [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No] "Brachlets compressed. Petiole less tha 4 mm to sometimes earl abset; leaf blade elliptic to oblog, 10 22 5 8 cm, thil leather, abaxiall with umerous small glads, adaxiall turig ellowish brow whe dr, secodar veis 14 19 o each side of midvei, 6 10 mm apart, ad at a agle of ca. 45 from midvei, reticule veis cospicuous, itramargial veis ca. 5 mm from margi ad a additioal itramargial vei ca. 1.5 mm from margi, base arrow, rouded, or slightl cordate, apex obtuse to slightl acute." 601 2009. Orwa, C./Mutua, A./Kidt, R./Jamadass, [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No] No evidece R./Simos, A.. Agroforestree Database:a tree referece ad selectio guide versio 4.0. World Agroforestr Cetre, 602 1987. Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates - Java Apple (Szgium samaragese). J.F. Morto, [Produces viable seed? Yes] "The trees grow spotaeousl from seed. Preferred tpes are reproduced b laerig, buddig oto their ow rootstocks, or oto seedligs of S. desiflorum A. DC., (the beautiful Wild Rose Apple of Malaa, http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto/java_ which has edible flowers, udesirable fruits, but is ot attacked b termites). Sometimes the Java apple is grafted oto the cultivated Rose Apple (q.v.)." 603 1993. Hies, D.A. /Eckma, K.. Idigeous multipurpose trees of Tazaia: Uses ad ecoomic beefits for people. Food ad Agriculture Orgaizatio (FAO), Ottawa, Otario, Caada http://www.fao.org/docrep/x5327e/x5327e00.htm# Cotets [Hbridizes aturall? Ukow for S. samaragese] "Szgium guieese" "It has a abilit to hbridize with other species i the geus, ad is 'appalligl variable' (Dale ad Greewa 1961)." [Evidece of hbridizatio i geus] 604 1994. Chataraothai, P./Parell, J.A.N.. The breedig biolog of some Thai Szgium species. Tropical Ecolog. 35(2): 199-208. 604 2009. Orwa, C./Mutua, A./Kidt, R./Jamadass, R./Simos, A.. Agroforestree Database:a tree referece ad selectio guide versio 4.0. World Agroforestr Cetre, [Self-compatible or apomictic? Yes] "Polliatio experimets were carried out o S. samaragese cv. See-ak ad S. jambos (both cultivated species), ad S. megacarpum ad S. formosum (both wild species). Three breedig sstems were show to occur: apomixis, ibreedig ad outbreedig. Seed set via apomixis, autogam ad geitoogam appeared to be ehaced b the act of polliatio. All species studied were self compatible ad self polliatio is probabl commo. Ol a small umber of datime floral visitors were oted. These were, i order of importace, ellow-bellied subirds (Nectariia jugularis), hoe bees (Apis ceraa), ats (Oecophlla smaragdia ad 2 uidetified species) ad a butterfl (Lcaeidae)." [Self-compatible or apomictic? Yes] "Wax jambu commol flowers earl or late i the dr seaso; the flowers appear to be self-compatible ad the fruit ripes 30-40 das after athesis." Prit Date: 4/26/2013 Szgium samaragese (Mrtaceae) Page 5 of 7
605 2011. Suwaapog, G./Bebow, M.E./Nieh, J.C.. Biolog of Thai hoebees: atural histor ad threats. Pp 1-98 i R.M. Florio (ed.). Bees: Biolog, Threats ad Coloies. Nova Sciece Publishers, Ic, Hauppauge, NY [Requires specialist polliators? No] "Table 4. Nectar, polle ad Nectar ad polle source plats of Thai hoebees" [Eugeia javaica (s. Szgium samaragese) visited, ad presumabl polliated b hoebees] 606 2007. Peter, K.V. (e.d.). Uderutilized ad [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? No] "Propagatio - B seeds ad b uderexploited horticultural crops, Volume 2. New cuttigs." [No evidece] Idia Publishig, New Delhi, Idia 607 1987. Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates - Java Apple (Szgium samaragese). J.F. Morto, http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto/java_ [Miimum geerative time (ears)? 4+] "The Java apple is a heav bearer o good soil. Whe 5 ears old it ma ield a crop of 700 fruits." 607 2009. Orwa, C./Mutua, A./Kidt, R./Jamadass, R./Simos, A.. Agroforestree Database:a tree referece ad selectio guide versio 4.0. World Agroforestr Cetre, 701 2007. Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis 702 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK 703 2009. Orwa, C./Mutua, A./Kidt, R./Jamadass, R./Simos, A.. Agroforestree Database:a tree referece ad selectio guide versio 4.0. World Agroforestr Cetre, [Miimum geerative time (ears)? 3+] "Shoot growth proceeds i flushes which are more or less schroous, depedig o the climate. The juveile period lasts for 3-7 ears. Bearig of cloal trees starts after 3-5 ears." [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas)? No] "Fruit dark red, priform to coic, 4 5 cm, flesh, gloss, apex impressed; persistet sepals flesh. Seed 1." [Ulikel as fruits ad seeds are relativel large ad lack meas of exteral attachmet] [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] "Primaril grow for its fruit." [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? No] "Fruit a berr, broadl priform, crowed b the flesh calx with icurved lobes, 3.5-5.5 cm x 4.5-5.5 cm, light red to white; flesh white spog, juic, aromatic, sweet-sour i taste. Seeds 0-2, mostl suppressed, globose, up to 8 mm i diameter." [No evidece, ad relativel large seeds ulikel to become a iadvertet produce cotamiat] 704 1987. Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates - Java Apple (Szgium samaragese). J.F. Morto, [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No] "The wax fruit, usuall light-red, sometimes greeish-white or cream-colored, is pear shaped, arrow at the base, ver broad, flatteed, ideted ad adored with the 4 flesh calx lobes at the http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto/java_ apex; 1 1/3 to 2 i (3.4-5 cm) log, 1 3/4 to 2 1/8 i (4.5-5.4 cm) wide. The ski is ver thi, the flesh white, spog, dr to juic, subacid ad ver blad i flavor. There ma be 1 or 2 somewhat rouded seeds 3/16 to 5/16 i (0.5-0.8 cm) wide, or oe." 705 1999. Jese, M.. Trees Commol Cultivated i Southeast Asia: A Illustrated Field Guide. 2d Editio. FAO Regioal Office for Asia ad the Pacific, Bagkok, Thailad 705 2009. Orwa, C./Mutua, A./Kidt, R./Jamadass, R./Simos, A.. Agroforestree Database:a tree referece ad selectio guide versio 4.0. World Agroforestr Cetre, [Propagules water dispersed? Ukow] "Belogs to fairl moist tropical lowlads up to 1,200 m altitude, preferrig heav soils ad eas access to water, also durig the dr seaso, ofte plated alog streams ad pods." [Ma be moved b water if plated alog streams] [Propagules water dispersed? No] "The species require a reliable water suppl ad are ofte plated alog streams or pods." 706 2006. Whistler, W.A./Elevitch, C.R.. Szgium malaccese (Mala apple), ver. 2.1. I:Elevitch, C.R. (ed.). Species Profiles for Pacific Islad Grogorestr. Permaet Agriculture Resources [Propagules bird dispersed? Yes] "Szgium malaccese" "I its ative rage, the seeds are probabl dispersed b birds (particularl pigeos), who eat the fruit, ad also b fruit bats. Where suitable dispersers are abset, the tree disperses poorl, probabl ot spreadig far from the paret tree " [Probabl applies to S. (PAR), Holualoa, HI http://www.traditioaltree.org/ samaragese, which has similar sized fruit (4-5 cm) but smaller seeds (0.5cm, rouded)] 707 2007. Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? No] "Fruit dark red, priform to coic, 4 5 cm, flesh, gloss, apex impressed; persistet sepals flesh. Seed 1." [Ulikel, as fruits ad seeds lack meas of exteral attachmet] 707 2013. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) No] Ulikel, but i areas with fruit bats, fruits ma be carried awa ad the seed discarded without beig iterall dispersed. It ma be possible that rodets ad mogoose could also carr fruit without cosumig seeds. 708 2006. Whistler, W.A./Elevitch, C.R.. Szgium malaccese (Mala apple), ver. 2.1. I:Elevitch, C.R. (ed.). Species Profiles for Pacific Islad Grogorestr. Permaet Agriculture Resources [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Probabl Yes] "Szgium malaccese" "Ma birds ejo eatig the ripe fruit, both o the tree ad after fallig to the groud. Pigs most certail will eat falle fruit." [Probabl applies to S. samaragese, which has similar sized fruit (4-5 cm) but smaller seeds (0.5cm, (PAR), Holualoa, HI http://www.traditioaltree.org/ rouded)] Prit Date: 4/26/2013 Szgium samaragese (Mrtaceae) Page 6 of 7
708 2009. Nakamoto, A./Kijo, K./Izawa, M.. The role of Orii s flig-fox (Pteropus dasmallus iopiatus) as a polliator ad a seed disperser o Okiawa-jima Islad, the Ruku Archipelago, Japa.. Ecological research. 24(2): 405-414. 801 2001. Haelt, P. (ed.). Masfeld's ecclopedia of agricultural ad horticultural crops: (except orametals). Vol. 1. Spriger-Verlag, Berli, Heidelberg, New 801 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK 802 2008. Roal Botaic Gardes Kew. Seed Iformatio Database (SID). Versio 7.1. http://data.kew.org/sid/ 802 2013. World Agroforestr Cetre. Agroforestr tree database - Szgium samaragese. PROSEA, http://www.worldagroforestrcetre.org/sea/produc ts/afdbases/af/asp/speciesifo.asp?spid=18099 [Accessed 26 Apr 2013] [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Possibl] "Table 2 Dispersal tpes of seeds ad characteristics of fruits used b Orii s flig-foxes o Okiawa-jima Islad" [Seeds of Szgium samaragese are reported as beig "dropped" b flig-foxes, suggestig that the are ot iterall dispersed b them] [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? No] " the juic, ofte seedless ripe fruits are suitable for eatig out-of had or for stewig with sugar." [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? No] "There ma be oe or two somewhat rouded seeds 0.5 cm wide, or oe." [Fruits ad seeds relativel large, ad fruits ofte few or o seeded] [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? No] "Storage Coditios: Seeds lose viabilit quickl" [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? No] "Propagatio from seed is commo. Seeds are sometimes abortive, ad some wax jambus ted to be seedless. Seeds lose their viabilit quickl ad should be sow fresh from the fruit." 803 2003. Motooka, P./Castro, L./Nelso, D./Nagai, G./Chig,L.. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures ad [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Presumabl Yes]. "Sesitive to picloram applied cut surface ad to glphosate applied to drilled holes. Good cotrol with triclopr Natural Areas: A Idetificatio ad Maagemet applied basal bark ad cut-surface(30)." [Herbicides effective o related ivasive Guide. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI species S. jambos, so would likel also be effective o o ivasive relatives] http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/ivweed/weedshi.html 803 2003. Weber, E.. Ivasive Plat Species of the World. A Referece Guide to Evirometal Weeds. CABI Publishig, Walligford, UK [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Presumabl Yes] "Szgium cumii" "Seedligs ad sapligs ca be removed mauall. Larger trees are cut ad the cut stumps treated with herbicide to prevet regrowth." [Herbicides effective o related ivasive species S. cumii, so would likel also be effective o o-ivasive relatives] 804 2013. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Ukow] Other Szgium species are able to resprout or coppice 805 2013. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets)? Ukow] Prit Date: 4/26/2013 Szgium samaragese (Mrtaceae) Page 7 of 7
Summar of Risk Traits High Risk / Udesirable Traits Naturalized i several places Thrives i tropical climates Related Szgium species are ivasive Self-compatible Seeds dispersed b birds i certai areas, frugivorous mammals ad people Low Risk / Desirable Traits Despite abilit to spread, o egative impacts have bee documeted Uarmed No-toxic Edible fruit Ladscapig ad orametal value Not able to spread vegetativel Reaches maturit i 3-7 ears Relativel large seeds ulikel to be accidetall dispersed Fruits ofte seedless Seeds will ot form a persistet seed bak