Seaweed in Denmark What is seaweed? What do we use it for? How do we produce it? Why do we eat it? Tasters
Annette Bruhn Research Scientist, Aarhus University Research areas: Cultivation of seaweed Seaweed composition Seaweed as a biofilter Seaweed for food, feed, energy and high value products Seaweed as environmental indicator Co-founder of AlgaeCenter Denmark in 2010 AARHUS UNIVERSITET
What is seaweed? Sea grass and algae Algae Photosyntesis No roots No tissue for strength or transportation Spores not seeds Single cells or multicellular
Algae - from microscopic to gigantic Fro 1/1000 mm to 60 m Microalgae Maroalgae (seaweed) 4
Basis for all life in the ocean Food Oxygen Habitat Coastal protection
Algae great diversity Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Algae great diversity
Algae great diversity
Algae great diversity
Algae with glass shells
Algae with calcium shells
Algae with armour plates
Algae with eyes!
Algae, that light up!
Living near the poles 15
Living in the tropics
Living on land
Living in the abyss
Living in the surf 19
Nielsen et al, 1995 Seaweed in Danish waters 422 species 156 red algae 128 brown algae 110 green algae 28 others (+ 6 marine plants such as sea grass)
Salinity
Oxygen Algae produce 50% of the oxygen in the atmosphere
Oil Oil is partly made from algae under high temperature and high pressure
Chalk
Moler
Food
Stabilisers E400-E407
Food colorants
Health - Nutraceuticals Omega-3 oils Minerals Vitamins Bioactives
Bioactives Plant growth Anti-fouling Medical
Value Seaweed as a future bioresource Biorefinery <1% bioactives 3% colorants 3% oil 15% protein 20% ash/minerals 60% carbohydrates Bioactives Ingredients Feed/protein Energy
The marine environment Biofilter from nitrogen to protein Circular nutrient flow between land and sea
Global production of seaweed Cultivated Harvested FAO, 2012
Production 23 mio tons 5,9 mia US $ >99% in Asia
How to cultivate kelp? Sugarkelp (Saccharina latissima) On land At sea
How to cultivate kelp? Reb stofstrimler presseninger
How does it look from the surface?
How does it look under water? Hanging reef Attracting marine life Increasing biodiversity Taking up nutrients Taking up CO 2
Seaweed cultivation in Denmark Hjarnø Havbrug 100 hq Seaweed Societé 80 ha Danish Shellfish Centre, DTU-Aqua 4 ha Algaecenter Denmark (20 ha) Price ca 45.000 DKR per hektar Production ca 10 ton per hektar
Seaweed cultivation in Denmark Hjarnø Havbrug in Horsens Fjord 100 hectares with seaweed Largest in Europa Primarily sold for food
Compensation crop Rainbow trout Blue mussels Sugar kelp Particulate Organic Matter Dissolved Inorganic nutrients
Increase yioed lower costs Increase value Challenge in DK and Europe Gap between costs of production and income (energy) ~ factor 10 European saleries are too high Sales price of energy is low Product Product Product Biomass Pretreatment Processing Product 1 Dowle & Barton, 2011.
Increase yield reduce costs Selective breeding Optimising technology Scaling up Off-shore Robust systems Increase mechanisation Decrease handling
Value Increase value Biorefinery <1% bioactives 3% colorants 3% oil 15% protein 20% ash/minerals 60% carbohydrates Bioactives Ingredients Feed/protein Energy
Seaweed research in Denmark Cultivation technology Selective Breeding Genetics Selection of ecotypes Increase of yield Increase of protein content Biorefinery Bioactives
Research at Aarhus University Cultivation technology Selective Breeding Scaling up Industry cooperation Algae Center Denmark Research Industrial cooperation Dissemination Technological, Institute, Kattegatcenteret, AU-BIOS Large projects Innovation foundation EU H2020 ERA-NET Facilities: Landbased cultivation Off-shore cultivation 20 ha International conference AARHUS UNIVERSITET
Seaweed products in Denmark Nordisk Tang Started with small project with AU
Nordisk Tang 2015-2016 Pestos Spices Mustards Baking mix Oil Snacks Snaps Reciepe book. From 1 to 8 employed International market expansion: China, Germany, Italy..
Caviart Jens Møller products Artificial caviar Seaweed based alginate shells Many flavours
Fermentationexperts Fermentation of landbased crops and seaweed Substitute for antibiotics in pig production Sold now in Bilka!
Why do we eat seaweed? Healthy Minerals Vitamins Omega 3 Bioactives Fibres Tasty Umami Interesting texture
Bladderwrack salad A handfull of fresh bladderwrack Boiling water Lemon/lime Salt Sesame seeds Chili or other spices Cut the tips of the bladderwrack Pour boiling water (color changes from brown to green) Pour cold water Dry the bladderwrack Add lemon, salt, sesame seeds and spices Bon appetit! AARHUS UNIVERSITET
- and now for the tasters anbr@bios.au.dk AARHUS UNIVERSITET