Tolerance of Arbequina Olives (Olea europaea Arbequina) to Mission Herbicide. INTRODUCTION: The safety of flazasulfuron (Mission Herbicide) was evaluated on field grown olives (Olea europaea Arbequina). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiment was established on March 28, 2013, and applications (so repeat) were made on June 20, 2013 (treatments 4, 5, and 6). Arbequin olives (Olea europaea Arbequina) were established in late-winter of 2013 and were approximately 4 feet tall with approximately a 0.5 inch caliper at the time of treatment (see Figure 1). Treatments were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gallons per acre. Applications were post directed, and spray contacted no more than 6 inches of the trunk (ground and 6 inches up mostly trunk contact). Water was applied (drip) on an as need basis. Plants where planted in 12 ft. rows, in row spacing was 6 ft., all were planted on a trellis system so they could be espaliered. Other olives are at this location, and produced fruit for oil this year (Figure 4). Each treatment in each replication included 3 plants (Figure 2 and 3). No damage was observed in any of the treatments as of September 16 th, 2013 (data and Figure 3). The treatment list was as follows: Treatment Number Treatment Name Formulation Application Rate 1 SL-160 25 DG 0.033 lb ai/a (2.14 oz pr/a) 2 SL-160 25 DG 0.044 lb ai/a (2.85 oz pr/a) 3 SL-160 25 DG 0.089 lb ai/a (5.7 oz pr/a) 4 SL-160 25 DG 0.033 lb ai/a (2.14 oz pr/a) 4 Roundup Weathermax 5.5 SL 1.2 lb ai/a (28 oz pr/a) 4 SL-160 100 SL 0.25% V/V 5 SL-160 25 DG 0.044 lb ai/a (2.85 oz pr/a) 5 SL-160 25 DG 0.044 lb ai/a (2.85 oz pr/a) 5 Roundup Weathermax 5.5 SL 1.2 lb ai/a (28 oz pr/a) 5 Kinetic 100 SL 0.25% V/V 6 SL-160 25 DG 0.089 lb ai/a (5.7 oz pr/a) 6 SL-160 25 DG 0.089 lb ai/a (5.7 oz pr/a) 6 Roundup Weathermax 5.5 SL 1.2 lb ai/a (28 oz pr/a) 6 Kinetic 100 SL 0.25% V/V 1
7 Alion 1.67 SC 0.065 lb ai/a (5.0 oz pr/a) 8 Sandea 75 DF 0.094 lb ai/a (2.0 oz pr/a) 8 Broadaxe 7.0 SL 1.09 lb ai/a (20 oz pr/a) 9 Cheateu 51 WDG 0.383 lb ai/a (12 oz pr/a) 9 Zeus 4 SL 0.375 lb ai/a (12 oz pr/a) 10 Simazine 4 SL 2.0 lb ai/a (2 qt pr/a) 10 Surflan 4 SL 2.0 lb ai/a (2 qt pr/a) 11 Control Ratings for plant injury were taken at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment (WAT), and 4, 8 and 12 weeks after second applications (WASA). Plant injury was taken on a (0-100 scale) and numbers represented the following: Value Plant Symptoms 0 No visual injury present 10-30 Minimal injury to desirable plant. Less than 10% of the plant leaf service area showing chlorosis and necrosis. 40-70 More noticeable plant injury or stunting. Greater than 50% of the leaf area showing symptoms of chlorosis and/or necrosis. 80-90 Plants severally injured. Most of the leaves and leaf surface showing signs of chlorosis and necrosis. 100 Plant appears dead. No signs of regrowth. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance and means were exposed to Fisher=s least significant difference (LSD) test with a significance level of α=0.05. RESULTS: No damage was observed in any of the treatments as of September 16th, 2013. CONCLUSIONS: No damage was observed in any of the treatments during the experiment, and it appears 2
that Mission herbicide could be utilized as a herbicide in Arbequina Olives (and probably any olive crops). However, more testing over longer periods of time (~ 1 year) and with multiple applications is probably warranted with this sulfonylurea herbicides as it can take two growing season for any damage to manifest itself. 3
Figure 1. Arbequin olives (Olea europaea Arbequina) at treatment initiation on March 28, 2013 4
Figure 2. Arbequin olive (Olea europaea Arbequina) experiment 12 weeks after second application (WASA) September 16, 2013 5
Figure 3. Sequential Mission applications at 5.7 oz pr/a at 12 weeks after second application (September 16, 2013) showing no damage. Each treatment in each replication included 3 Arbequin olives (Olea europaea Arbequina). Small plant in front was a replant before study initiation. 6
Figure 4. Olives in older Arbequin olive (Olea europaea Arbequina) plants, and fruits of this variety are used for oil. 7
10/25/2013 (FR-08-13) AOV Means Table Page 1 of 1 University of Georgia, Dept. of Hort. Tolerance of Olives to Mission Herbicide. Trial ID: FR-08-13 Location: Lakeland, GA Project ID: Protocol ID: FR-08-13 Study Director: Investigator: Dr. Mark Czarnota Dr. Mark Czarnota Sponsor Dr. Dennis Tonks Contact: Crop Scientific Name Olea europea '> Olea europea '> Olea europea '> Olea europea '> Olea europea '> Olea europea '> Crop Name Arbequina Olive Arbequina Olive Arbequina Olive Arbequina Olive Arbequina Olive Arbequina Olive Part Rated LEAF C LEAF C LEAF C LEAF C LEAF C LEAF C Rating Date 4/24/2013 5/22/2013 6/20/2013 7/16/2013 8/13/2013 9/16/2013 Rating Type DAMHER DAMHER DAMHER DAMHER DAMHER DAMHER Rating Unit percent percent percent percent percent percent Rating Timing 4 WAT 8 WAT 12 WAT 4 WASA 8 WASA 12 WASA Number of Decimals 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trt Treatment Rate Appl No. Name Rate Unit Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 SL-160 2.14 oz 2 SL-160 2.85 oz 3 SL-160 5.7 oz 4 SL-160 2.14 oz SL-160 Roundup WeatherMax Kinetic 2.14 oz B 28 oz/a B 0.25 % v/v B 5 SL-160 2.85 oz SL-160 2.85 oz B Roundup WeatherMax 28 oz/a B Kinetic 0.25 % v/v B 6 SL-160 5.7 oz B 0a 0a 0a 0 a 0a 0a SL-160 5.7 oz B Roundup WeatherMax 28 oz/a B Kinetic 0.25 % v/v B 7 Alion 5 oz/a A 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a 8 Sandea 2 oz Broadaxe 20 oz/a A 9 Cheateu 12 oz Zeus 12 oz/a A 10 Simazine 2 qt/a A 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a Surflan 2 qt/a A 11 Control 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a LSD (P=.05) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Standard Deviation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8
Bartlett's X2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 P(Bartlett's X2)...... Replicate F 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Replicate Prob(F) 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Treatment F 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Treatment Prob(F) 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Part Rated LEAF = foliage C = Crop is Part Rated Rating Type DAMHER = damage - herbicide Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=.05, LSD) 9