Vineyard Microclimates: What s your ripening curve? VITICISION Get a Grape s-eye View
J. Lohr Vineyards & Wines Project Goals: To measure Cabernet Sauvignon microclimates. Find sunburn probability in different row directions and trellis types. Assess canopy management practices. Relate grape temperatures to wine quality.
Grape composition and quality Water Sugars Acids Nitrogen compounds and mineral nutrients Phenolics Lipids and Volatiles Grape Maturity Coombe, B.G., McCarthy, M.G. (2000) Dynamics of grape berry growth and physiology of ripening, Australian Journal of Grape & Wine Research 6: 131-135.
Grape Quality Sources of variation. Light Temperature Water status Nutrient status Crop load How you manage Light and Temperature. Quantify the effects of: Row direction Trellis design & retrofit Variety & clone Canopy management Frost protection Climate change Cooling trials Hail protection
Ripening Curve Total Hours Total Hours 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 NE Side of Trellis- Accumulated Hours 46 782 37 664 24 542 397 13 277 141 68 82 108 155 12 33 Aug 30 Sept 6 Sept 13 Sept 20 Sept 27 Oct 4 64 755 50 642 31 526 386 18 272 138 12 33 68 82 109 158 Aug 30 Sept 6 Sept 13 Sept 20 Sept 27 Oct 4 66 89 69 SW Side of Trellis- Accumulated Hours 95 95-112 NE 50-95 NE 0-50 NE 95-112 SW 50-95 SW 0-50 SW
Climate and Viticulture Macroclimate: 1000-20 km Global Circulation, Synoptic Meteorology Mesoclimate: 20 0.5 km Coastal-Inland, Edna Valley, Paso Robles (East vs. West sides) Topoclimate:0.5 km -10 m solar radiation, relative elevation N-S slopes, frost pockets Microclimate:100 m 1 cm vegetation canopies
Paso Daily Climate 1901 to 2005
Precipitation July-June
Mean Temperature April-October
Maximum Temperature April-October
Minimum Temperature April-October
Long Term Frequencies Monthly Tmax: Paso Robles 1951-2008 1.0 August 1.0 September 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 m Prob 0.6 Cum0.5 0.4 0.3 m Prob 0.6 Cum0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 104 F = 50 th percentile 8 90 95 100 105 110 102 F = 50 th percentile 9 107 F = 80 th percentile 107 F = 87 th percentile
Microclimate: Grape Temperature Grapes Eye View Model Air temperature
How we collect microclimate data Thermochron Sensors: Measure hourly grape temperatures on both sides of the trellis. Sensor
How we collect microclimate data Hemispherical Photos: Measure canopy light environment on both sides of the trellis.
Solar Radiation Sunrise Sunset 6 am 6 pm Jun 21 Jul 21 Aug 21 9 am 12pm 3 pm Sep21 Oct 21
Hilltop (E-W Rows) w/m 2 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Hilltop South Side Hilltop North Side 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Hour Hour Jul Aug Sep Oct Max w/m 2
Pleasant Valley Ranch (N-S Rows) w/m 2 1000 800 600 400 200 0 PR12 East Side PR12 West Side 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Hour Hour w/m 2 Jul Aug Sep Oct Max
Grape Temperatures Average Hourly Temperature Hilltop Grapes Average Hourly Temperatures PR12 Grapes degf 120 110 100 90 80 70 Canopy_Air N-grapes S-grapes Air-JLohr degf 120 110 100 90 80 70 Canopy_Air E-grapes W-grapes JLohr_Air 60 60 50 50 40 40 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Hour 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Hour degf 120 110 100 90 80 70 Heatwave Sep 26 Hilltop Grapes Canopy_Air N-grapes S-grapes Jlohr-Air degf 120 110 100 90 80 70 Heatwave Sep 26 PR12 Grapes Canopy_Air E-grapes W-grapes JLohr_Air 60 60 50 50 40 40 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Hour 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Hour
Grape Temperature and Row Direction PR-12 PR12-W PR12-E PR12-Canopy J. Lohr Air DH105 149 8 117 6 DH100 463 198 442 133 DH95 958 664 914 478 Hilltop HT-S HT-N HT-Canopy J. Lohr Air DH105 169 9 45 6 DH100 538 142 271 133 DH95 1132 490 709 478
Jul Aug Sep Oct Max w/m 2 1000 800 600 400 200 0 DC 303 NW VSP 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Hour m 2 w/m 1000 800 600 400 200 0 DC 303 SE VSP 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Hour Degree Hours Jul 31 to Oct 11 314-NE 314- SW 314- Canopy 303-NW 303-SE 303- Canopy Air Oakville DH105 0 34 20 3 7 16 0 DH100 41 210 162 58 64 102 7 DH95 268 612 502 336 326 416 113
J. Lohr Results Sprawl is a good adaptation to the Paso climate. 100 degrees seemed to be a threshold for Cabernet quality measures. Canopy Mgmt. Trials 2010: -2 Cane lower wire (control) -2 Cane upper wire -4 cane, all fruit removed from bottom
A special thanks to: J. Lohr Vineyards & Wines Central Coast Vineyard Team Paso Robles Wine Alliance VITICISION GET A GRAPE S-EYE EYE VIEW PHONE: (650) 270-9861 E-MAIL: CARRIEANNE@VITICISION.COM www.viticision.com