Effect f Decaffeinated Cffee n Health Reviewed by Meri Rafett, RD, Stephen Cherniske, MS and Gerri French, Rd, MS, CDE. Teeccin Caffé 2005 Caffeine is ften the primary fcus when the negative health effects f cffee are discussed. But there are a number f significant chemical cmpunds present in cffee, ther than caffeine, which als have strng effects n the bdy. Sme f the mre cmmn active cnstituents include chlrgenic acid, caffel and diterpenes. Many health cnditins that are aggravated by cffee are still affected by decaffeinated cffee, despite the lwered level f caffeine, due t these ther phytchemicals that remain in decaf cffee after the decaffeinatin prcess. Current studies suggest that, fr peple wh are sensitive t cffee s effects, decaffeinated brews may still exacerbate their health prblems. Therefre, the healthiest ptin may be t eliminate bth regular and decaffeinated cffee frm the diet. Implicatins f Decaffeinatin Methds The decaffeinatin prcess itself is nt always inncuus. There are three cmmn decaffeinatin methds: the use f ne f tw rganic slvents, either methylene chlride r ethyl acetate; water extractin knwn as the Swiss water prcess r Eurpean water prcess; and supercritical carbn dixide. Eighty percent f decaffeinated cffee is prcessed with slvents. The health effects f these slvents as fund in decaffeinated cffee are nt well knwn, but studies suggest that methylene chlride (dichlrmethane) is shwn t be carcingenic, 1,2 and the Natinal Cancer Institute s list f chemicals labels it as a pssible human carcingen. 3 In the decaffeinatin prcess, the slvents are remved frm the cffee beans, but residues have still been fund in decaffeinated cffee and tea. 4 When water and carbn dixide are used t decaffeinate cffee, a measurable residue is nt left behind in the remaining beans, but high acidity and ther phytchemicals fund in cffee remain. Additinally, in the prcess f water extractin, unique flavr characteristics f cffees frm different rigins are blended and blurred water extractin due t the intermingling f the flavrs frm varius types f beans in the water bath. Amng the decaffeinatin methds, methylene chlride extractin retains the mst flavr but leaves a dry taste in the muth; bth water extractin and CO2 extractin blur the flavr f the beans and ethyl acetate adds a sweet fruit flavr. Additinally, inferir beans that may be ld r mldy are ften used fr decaffeinatin because the prcess can remve ff flavrs and mask the age r cnditin f the beans. Amunt f Caffeine in Decaffeinated Cffee Accrding t FDA guidelines, decaffeinated cffee must have 97% f the caffeine remved. In actuality, the caffeine cntent f cffee beans varies widely; therefre the caffeine cntent f decaffeinated cffee als fluctuates, and can be 10mg r mre per 12 unce cup. 5 Other measurements fund caffeine levels up t 17.5mg per 16 unce cup. 6 Starbucks reprts that there is up t 11mg f caffeine in each 8 z cup f Starbucks decaf cffee, but a Starbucks tall, their smallest serving size, is 12 unces and a grande is 16 z, giving their servings 16.5 mg and 22mg respectively. Many cffee drinkers dn t limit themselves t 12 r 16 unces but repeatedly fill versize mugs r cnsume larger sizes in cffee shps. The additive effects f several cups f decaffeinated cffee cnsumed thrughut the day can be significant if smene is sensitive t caffeine r suffering frm a health cnditin aggravated by caffeine. 1 f 11 Pages
Acidity f Decaffeinated Cffee It is well-knwn thrughut the cffee industry that decaffeinated cffee is mre acidic than regular cffee due t the fact that decaffeinated cffee is made frm Rbusta beans. Rbusta beans are used because they retain mre f the cffee flavr after the decaffeinatin prcess; Rbusta beans have a higher cncentratin f caffeine and are mre acidic than ther beans. This is prblematic fr peple with health prblems such as acid reflux, GERDS and ulcers making them susceptible t the detrimental effects f high levels f acidity. 7 All f the fd and drink cnsumed affects the bdy s ph balance. In a cnditin f hmestasis, the ph shuld be naturally alkaline, but cnsumptin f acidic fds including decaffeinated cffee increases metablic acidity, prducing negative systemic effects. 8 One f the prblems assciated with metablic acidity is decreased bne density. This ccurs because minerals appear t have a buffering effect n the bldstream and are subsequently leached frm the bne t restre alkalinity t the bld when metablic levels have shifted t far int acidity. 9 Bth regular and decaf cffee cnsumptin impede the absrptin and increase excretin f minerals including calcium, magnesium, zinc and irn, further increasing mineral lss. 10,11,12,13 Chrnic metablic acidity als stimulates increased crtisl secretin, activating the bdy s stress respnse. 14 Elevated crtisl levels aggravate health cnditins sensitive t stress including acid reflux, ulcers, irritable bwel syndrme, and cardivascular disease. Decaf Cffee Increases Heart Attack Risk Numerus studies shw that decaffeinated cffee raises the risk fr heart attacks similar t regular cffee in spite f the lwered levels f caffeine. Levels f LDL chlesterl, a strng predictr fr heart attacks, have been shwn t increase after cffee drinkers switch frm regular cffee t decaf cffee. The results f theses studies suggest that ther cnstituents in cffee, nt remved in the decaffeinatin prcess, are respnsible fr increasing the risk factrs fr heart disease. Chlrgenic acid is fund in bth caffeinated and decaffeinated cffee. Significantly, chlrgenic acid has been implicated t be a factr that raises plasma levels f hmcysteine, 15 which is assciated with increased susceptibility f develping cardivascular disease. Reducing intake f bth caffeinated and decaffeinated cffee may be imprtant in cntrlling plasma hmcysteine levels. 16 Decaf Cffee Prduces Adverse Metablic Effects Just like regular cffee, decaf cffee prduces a variety f adverse metablic effects that include stimulating the sympathetic r autnmic nervus system, which raises heart rate, bld pressure and causes shaking and tremrs cmmnly thught f as cffee jitters. Decaf cffee stimulates the lwer GI tract and can cause laxative effects like regular cffee in spite f the reduced amunt f caffeine. Decaf cffee interferes with the absrptin f minerals such as irn, calcium and magnesium and it increases intracular pressure that can be dangerus fr peple at risk fr glaucma. Clearly cmpnents in cffee ther than caffeine strngly affect the bdy and prduce many f the same effects as regular cffee. 2 f 11 Pages
The fllwing characteristics f decaffeinated cffee prduce adverse health effects: 1) Decaffeinated Cffee Increases Acidity Decaffeinated Cffee Increases gastrin levels. Regular cffee, decaffeinated cffee and pure caffeine all stimulate the release f gastrin after ingestin. Gastrin is the hrmne that stimulates acid release in the stmach. Decaffeinated cffee causes statistically significant increases in serum gastrin levels, 17 and stimulates trypsin secretin. 18 Significantly, GI acid secretin is markedly greater after decaffeinated and regular cffee than it is after ingestin f caffeine alne. 19, 20 When decaffeinated cffee was cmpared t a widely-used prtein-based test meal, knwn t increase gastric acidity, decaffeinated cffee caused mre significant stimulatin f release f gastrin and secretin f acid. 21 Decaffeinated Cffee Increases Gastrespheal Pressure Exacerbating Heartburn and Acid Reflux Bth decaffeinated and regular cffee cause similar increases in gastrespheal sphincter pressure, while pressure changed minimally in respnse t pure caffeine, tap water, r black (caffeinated) tea. 22,23 This indicates that cmpunds in cffee ther than caffeine are respnsible fr increased incidence f acid reflux after cffee cnsumptin. Bth Regular and Decaf Cffee Increase Metablic Acidity Cffee is highly acidic, with ph values ranging frm 4.9-5.8. 24 Dietary intake strngly influences metablic acidity. 25,26 The natural ph f the bdy is just abve 7.0, and metablic prcesses functin best at a slightly alkaline ph. In measurements f fd effects n acid/alkaline bdy chemical balance, cffee is identified as a substance that increases metablic acidity. 27 Decaffeinated Cffee Interferes With Bne Density Increased metablic acidity assciated with drinking decaffeinated cffee interferes with healthy bne density. Numerus studies prvide evidence fr the thery that minerals remved frm bne have an alkalizing effect n chrnic metablic acidity. 28 Excess acidity has been assciated with negative calcium balance and increased excretin f calcium. 29 Chrnically, metablic acidity alters bne cell functin, increasing steclastic bne resrptin and decreasing steblastic bne frmatin. 30 Calcium is nt nly necessary fr preventing steprsis and maintaining adequate bne density, but adequate calcium is crucial fr a healthy heart and nervus system. 2) Decaffeinated Cffee Increases Heart Attack Risk Numerus studies shw that decaffeinated cffee raises the risk fr heart attack similar t regular cffee in spite f the lwered levels f caffeine. A study cmparing peple wh suffered frm a mycardial infarctin with cmmunity-matched cntrls demnstrated that drinking decaffeinated versus caffeinated cffee did nt lwer a persn s risk f develping a mycardial infarctin. Drinking tea, even cntaining caffeine, was 3 f 11 Pages
assciated with a lwer risk f mycardial infarctin. 31 This suggests that substances in cffee ther than caffeine cntribute t increased risk f heart attacks and decaffeinated cffee increases heart attack risk. Decaffeinated Cffee Increases Plasma Hmcysteine Levels Increased plasma hmcysteine intensifies a persn s risk f suffering frm a heart attack, particularly in peple wh have previusly suffered a heart attack, r wh are already at high risk. Hmcysteine negatively affects the vascular endthelium, r lining f the bld vessels. 32 Cffee drinking significantly increases hmcysteine in the bldstream, even mre s than caffeine alne. The negative effect f cffee ccurs with bth caffeinated and decaffeinated cffee, and is nted within hurs f cffee cnsumptin. 33 Filtering the cffee des nt affect hmcysteine; unfiltered cffee as well as filtered cffee increased 34, 35 hmcysteine levels. Chlrgenic acid raises plasma hmcysteine levels, and is fund t lwer bld cncentratins f the B vitamin flate. One study bserved a lwer rise in plasma hmcysteine with simple chlrgenic acid cmpared t the greater increase f hmcysteine in studies with cffee; this suggests that chlrgenic acid may nt be the nly hmcysteine-raising factr in cffee. 36 Plasma hmcysteine cncentratins are higher in cffee drinkers than nn-cffee drinkers and have been shwn t increase Plasma hmcysteine cncentratins increased after cffee cnsumptin in peple wh measured nrmal hmcysteine cncentratins befre cffee. 37 Decaffeinated Cffee Raises Chlesterl Upn switching frm caffeinated t decaffeinated cffee, levels f serum LDL chlesterl and aplipprtein B increased, whereas discntinuatin f caffeinated cffee revealed n change. This finding suggests that a phytchemical present in cffee ther than caffeine is respnsible fr the subsequent LDL chlesterl, aplipprtein B, and lipase activity. 38 Chlesterl-raising diterpenes, kahwel and cafestl, are present in unfiltered cffee, which includes cffee made in a French press r cafetiere, 39 as well as espress. Cffee ils ther than caffeine have als been demnstrated t elevate liver enzyme levels, which are an indicatr f injury t r cmprmise f the cells f the liver, further inhibiting the liver s ability t effectively regulate serum chlesterl. 40 3) Decaffeinated Cffee Prduces Adverse Metablic Effects Just Like Regular Cffee Decaffeinated Cffee Stimulates the Sympathetic r Autnmic Nervus System Cffee, even decaffeinated, stimulates the sympathetic (fight r flight) prtin f the autnmic nervus system irregardless f the amunt f caffeine present. 41 Heart rate, arterial bld pressure and muscle sympathetic nervus activity, including hand shaking, tremrs r jitters, are all stimulated by decaffeinated as well as regular 4 f 11 Pages
cffee, indicating that it is a substance ther than caffeine present in cffee creating these effects. 42 Decaffeinated Cffee Stimulates the Gastrintestinal (GI) Tract t Overactivity Cffee prduces a laxative effect in susceptible peple thrugh stimulatin f rectsigmid mtr activity, as rapidly as fur minutes after drinking. Even mdest dses f cffee can have this effect, whether r nt the bdy is ready t dispse f accumulated waste prducts, resulting in lse stls. Studies shw that decaffeinated cffee has a similar stimulant effect n the GI tract prving that the laxative effect f cffee is nt due slely t caffeine. 43,44,45 Decaffeinated Cffee Interferes with Mineral Absrptin Irn is an essential cmpnent f red bld cells, and irn deficiency is a frequent cause f anemia. Cffee drinking reduces irn absrptin. 46,47 Caffeine is nt the nly ingredient thught t interfere with irn absrptin; chlrgenic acid, als present in decaffeinated cffee, reduces the ability f the bdy t absrb irn frm fd surces. 48 Cffee cnsumptin, even aside frm caffeine, is shwn t increase lss f calcium, 49,50, 51 magnesium and zinc. Decaffeinated Cffee Increases Intracular Pressure Bth decaffeinated and caffeinated cffee increase intracular pressure. Intracular pressure increases risk f develping glaucma and further pressure increases can be dangerus in peple wh are already suffering frm glaucma. While caffeinated cffee mre significantly increased intracular pressure, decaffeinated cffee als caused a rise in levels f pressure within the eye. 52 4) Decaffeinated Cffee Is Assciated with Increased Incidence f Rheumatid Arthritis A recent, large-scale epidemilgical study has shwn that drinking mre than fur cups f decaffeinated cffee per day has been linked t increased risk f develping rheumatid arthritis, while caffeine intake was nt assciated with greater risk, and drinking mre than 3 cups f tea per day was actually assciated with decreased risk f develping rheumatid arthritis. 53 Recmmendatin: Peple mst ften switch frm caffeinated t decaffeinated cffee due t a desire t imprve their health; frequently n their wn, but ften due t the advice f their physician r ther primary health care prvider. 54 But fr peple with a number f health cnditins, drinking decaffeinated cffee may nt necessarily create the desired health imprvements. There are many healthy beverage chices currently available but cffee drinkers are nt usually satisfied by teas, which taste watery and weak t the cffee palate. A satisfying alternative, herbal cffee, allws cffee drinkers t keep their same brewing ritual while enjying rasted, full bdy flavr with hearty flavr and arma. Herbal cffee has a number f nutritinal health benefits and its natural alkalinity desn t prvke the cmmn health 5 f 11 Pages
prblems assciated with cffee s acidity. Nutritin prfessinals can supprt patients at risk fr cardivascular disease, acid reflux, GERDS and IBS r IBD by guiding them thrugh the prcess f substituting a nn-caffeinated, alkaline herbal cffee that brews and tastes just like cffee. Kicking the Caffeine Habit: The scial prevalence f cffee drinking and the addictive side effects f caffeine can cause prblems with patient cmpliance. Caffeine-free herbal cffee marketed under the brand name f Teeccin helps cffee drinkers replace their regular r decaf cffee with a satisfying alternative. Cffee drinkers need a dark, full-bdied, rbust brew t help satisfy their cffee craving. Teeccin satisfies the 4 needs cffee drinkers require in a cffee alternative: 1) Teeccin brews just like cffee, allwing cffee drinkers t keep their same brewing ritual. 2) It has a delicius, deep rasted flavr that is very cffee-like. 3) It wafts an enticing arma. 4) Peple experience a natural energy bst frm nutritius Teeccin. Teeccin ffers the fllwing health benefits t peple weaning themselves ff cffee: Beneficial Features f Teeccin Teeccin Ingredients: 56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67 Inulin fiber frm chicry Unlike cffee, Teeccin has nutritinal value, including sluble inulin fiber, a pre-bitic that helps supprt a healthy ppulatin f beneficial micrflra. Inulin imprves mineral absrptin 65 mg f Ptassium Teeccin is a surce f ptassium. In liquid frm, ptassium is easily absrbed t help relieve muscle fatigue, maintain nrmal heart rhythm and bld pressure, and help prevent strkes. Alkaline helps reduce acidity As ppsed t acidic cffee, Teeccin is alkaline, which reduces stmach and metablic acidity. Gluten Free Gluten des nt extract int biling water. Tests shw Teeccin is gluten free althugh it cntains barley. Naturally Caffeine-free N chemical prcessing like decaffeinated cffee. Carb Cnsumptin f water-sluble fiber frm carb lwers elevated bld chlesterl in healthy peple. Barley Cntains niacin, a B vitamin imprtant fr healthy heart functin. Shwn t have a beneficial effect n lipid metablism. Almnd Has a beneficial effect n serum lipid levels. Figs Cntain plyphenls, plant cmpunds that act as antixidants. A gd surce f ptassium. Dates Cntains ptassium and magnesium, imprtant fr maintaining heart rhythm, bne health and metablic alkalinity. Chicry rt Has been shwn t imprve mineral absrptin, including magnesium. 6 f 11 Pages
The Pain-free Way t Wean ff f Cffee Start by mixing nrmal cffee 3/4 t 1/4 Teeccin Herbal Cffee. Gradually reduce the percentage f cffee ver a tw t three week perid until nly 100% Teeccin Herbal Cffee is brewed. Gradual reductin f caffeine is recmmended. 55 Side effects such as headaches, fatigue, and brain fgginess can be avided as the bdy gradually adjusts t less reliance n stimulants. Example: Use the fllwing prprtins if yu make a 10-cup pt f cffee daily: DAY Regular Cffee Teeccin Day 1-3: 4 tablespns 1 tablespn Day 4-6: 3 tablespns 2 tablespns Day 7-9: 2 tablespns 3 tablespns Day 10: 1 1/2 tablespns 3 1/2 tablespns Day 11: 1 tablespn 4 tablespns Day 12-13: 1/2 tablespn 4 1/2 tablespns Day 14: 0 5 tablespns 1 Lynge, E. Anntila, A. and Hemminiki, K. 1997. Organic slvents and cancer. Cancer Causes and Cntrl. 8(3): 406-19. 2 Litepl, R.G., Lng, G.W. and Meek, M.E. 1998. Relevance f carcingenicity biassays in mice in assessing ptential health risks assciated with expsure t methylene chlride. Human and Experimental Txiclgy, 17(2): 84-7. 3 Natinal Cancer Institute website: http://epi.grants.cancer.gv/. January 2004. 4 Page, B.D. and Charbnneau, C.F. 1984. Headspace gas chrmatgraphic determinatin f methylene chlride in decaffeinated tea and cffee, with electrlyte cnductivity detectin. Jurnal f the Assciatin f Official Analytical Chemists, 67(4): 757-61. 5 Cherniske, S. 1998. Caffeine Blues. Warner Bks, New Yrk. 6 McCusker, R.R., Gldberger, B.A. and Cne, E.J. 2003. Caffeine cntent f specialty cffees. Jurnal f Analytical Txiclgy. 27(7):520-2. 7 Cherniske, S. 1998. Caffeine Blues. Warner Bks, New Yrk. 8 Frassett, L., Mrris, R., Sellmeyer, D., Tdd, K. and Sebastian, A. 2001. Diet, evlutin and aging: the pathphysilgic effects f the pst-agricultural inversin f the ptassium-t-sdium and base-t-chlride ratis in the human diet. Eurpean Jurnal f Nutritin 40(5): 200-213. 9 Tucker, K.L. 2003. Dietary Intake and Bne Status with Aging. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 9(31):1-18. 10 Jhnsn, S. 2001. The multifaceted and widespread pathlgy f magnesium deficiency. Medical Hyptheses. 56(2): 163-70. 11 Mrck, T.A., Lynch, S.R. and Ck, J.D. 1983. Inhibitin f fd irn absrptin by cffee. American Jurnal f Clinical Nutritin. 37(3):416-20. 12 Hasling, C., Sndergaard, K., Charles, P. and Msekilde, L. 1992. Calcium metablism in pstmenpausal steprtic wmen is determined by dietary calcium and cffee intake. Jurnal f Nutritin. 122(5): 1119-26. 7 f 11 Pages
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