French experience and results regarding Geographical Indications (PDO, PGI) Valerie KELLER I.N.A.O. (French agency for geographical indications and quality signs) Budapest, 15/11/2016
French quality policy : institutional system Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Economy INAO (National Institute of Origin and Quality) Geographical indications (and other quality signs) INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property) Patents, trademarks, Official control services : DG for Competition Policy, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control (DGCCRF), Customs
Main tasks of INAO I. Promotion and information (official quality signs in general) II. Recognizing GIs (and other quality signs) III. Determining and monitoring the system of controls of the products. INAO = competent authority IV. Monitoring of GI system V. Contributing to the protection of Gis (name and geographical area)
INAOs organization Organisation : 1 siège (Montreuil) + 8 délégations territoriales (19 sites) 260 agents (70 % en région ) : - techniciens, ingénieurs (agronomie, agroalimentaire, œnologie, géographie..), - juristes - gestion administrative Budget : 22 millions d euros (70 % venant de l Etat, 30 % des filières)
Geographical indications Official quality signs in France AOC / PDO (protected designation of origin) : A product closely linked to its territory PGI (protected geographical indication): A product linked to its territory TSG (traditional specialty) : A traditional product Organic farming : A method of production which is protective for environment and animal welfare Label Rouge : A high quality product (french sign)
Why did some countries create Geographical Indications? In France, around 1900 : Appellation d Origine Controlée To protect the name of famous wine and spirit To give consumers objective information concerning the characteristics of the product
Why was the GI european policy set up (70s for wines, 1992 for other products)? To encourage diverse agricultural productions, to give benefits to rural economy To protect product names from misuse and imitation To help consumers by giving them information concerning the specific characteristics of the products To grant a large protection to the GI names (all the EU territory and more)
History : set up of GI in France and in EU 1905 : first law on appellations of origin 1935 : creation of the system of «appellation d origine contrôlée» (AOC) and of the «INAO» for wines and spirits 1970s : European regulations on wines 1990 : INAOs missions extended to other products (cheeses, foodstuff..) 1992 : European regulation regarding PDO and PGI After 2000 : INAOs missions extended to PGI, Red Label : agency for all official quality signs
AOP vins et cidres : 366 AOP produits laitiers (fromages, crèmes, beurres) : 50 AOP autres produits agro-alimentaires : 47 IGP agro-alimentaires: 119 IGP vins et cidres : 76 IG boissons spiritueuses : 35 STG : 1 Label Rouge : plus de 450 produits
Diversity of French Gis Cognac (PDO) Rocamadour (PDO)
French official quality signs : a major sector of agriculture and food industry More than 1100 products including 680 GI products, 420 Red Labels, 1 TSG produced by 22 % of French farmers (112 500 farms) Turnover : 22 billion = 15% of foodstuff industry (125 Airbus) 10 billion to export = 30% of the export turnover of foodstuff industry. Evolution : Twice the rise of the turnover of general foodstuff industry.
A GI, what for? Protection of the name of the product / of the know how of the producers / of a part of regional heritage rural developpement and environnemental aspects Added value / creation of jobs in rural areas / other economical consequences on the producing chain
Which economic interests? - Higher prices for GI products, - Production growth, - Better value distribution.
Higher retail price of GI products (example of French cheeses and wines) Cheese retail price (1) French PDO cheeses All cheeses 30 % French PDO wines Wine price (2) Other wines 230 % Source : MAAPAR, ONIVINS, CFCE, INAO
AOC Condrieu Prix : 40 la bouteille Vin avec le même cépage : viognier, sans AOC 6
A production growth (example of a French GI cheese) AOC Registration Example of Morbier cheese (PDO) PDO registration = Re-localisation of the production and development : from 25 producers (1998) to 40 producers (2015)
A distribution of value more profitable to farmers (ex : PDO cheeses and olive oil) Milk : purchasing price to producer for PDO Cheeses Compared to medium price 90 % 35 % 30 % 15 % Retail price Distribution of value for olive oil GI French oil 20 /l Non GI 5 % - 14 /l - Purchasing price to farmer 12,70 8,40 Ex: PDO Nyons olive oil
Which effects on rural development? A tool to help isolated rural areas and to maintain farmers in their region of origin : 70% of the more isolated French rural areas (14 millions of hectares) are covered by one or more GI production area. GI = 20% of French farmers.
Which effects on rural development? A tool to create employment and to develop rural areas For a production of 30 M chickens/year Chicken of Loué (PGI): 1000 farmers 3000 jobs created (450 in the little town of Loué) using 9 500 hectares of pasture for breeding poultry and 24 000 ha of cereals to feed it, Improvement of the area : plantation of 750 000 trees and 1200km of traditional hedge. Standard chicken production (chicken bred inside) 150 farmers 500 jobs
Environmental impact : Comté (PDO cheese) Specifications on more extensive breeding and on environment protection. 160 140 Non GI area 260 220 Non GI area 120 100 180 80 60 GI area 140 100 GI Area 40 1989 1994 1999 60 1989 1994 1999 Use of fertilizer per hectare basis : 100 in 1990 Use of pesticides per hectare basis : 100 in 1990
Protection of lanscape identity PDO Cévennes sweet onion A specific product A. Guyot/INAO A specific landscape
Impact on the landscape Accessible areas preservation of open spaces, transition between fields and forests, traditional in Jura breeding areas. Mountain of Jura, open space, AOC area Landscape of Hautes Vosges, out of AOC, closing area Landscape of Haute Saône out of AOC, closed area,
Preservation of biodiversity - Maintening : hedges, meadows, ponds.. - Preservation of meadow biodiversity - Preservation of domestic biodiversity :use of local breeds, varieties.. Ex : PDO Châtaigne d Ardèche 65 local varieties
Development of touristic activities Ex : PDO Olive oil and black olive of Nyons Touristic path : Route de l olivier Direct sale Local feasts organised around Olive de Nyons Restaurant agreement Local markets Dishes created by chefs
3 keys points for quality signs group of producers rules (specifications) verification system And consumers of course!
Merci de votre attention! Avez-vous des questions? Valérie Keller v.keller@inao.gouv.fr Site internet INAO : www.inao.gouv.fr