APPENDIX J NATIVE & INVASIVE PLANT LIST The following tables capture the referenced plants, native and invasive species, found throughout this document. The Wildlife Action Plan Team elected to only use common names for plants to improve the readability, particular for the general reader. However, common names can create confusion for a variety of reasons. Common names can change from region-to-region; one common name can refer to more than one species; and common names have a way of changing over time. For example, there are two widespread species of greasewood in Nevada, and numerous species of sagebrush. In everyday conversation generic common names usually work well. But if you are considering management activities, landscape restoration or the habitat needs of a particular wildlife species, the need to differentiate between plant species and even subspecies suddenly takes on critical importance. This appendix provides the reader with a cross reference between the common plant names used in this document s text, and the scientific names that link common names to the precise species to which writers referenced. With regards to invasive plants, all species listed under the Nevada Revised Statute 555 (NRS 555) as a Noxious Weed will be notated, within the larger table, as such. A noxious weed is a plant that has been designated by the state as a species of plant which is, or is likely to be, detrimental or destructive and difficult to control or eradicate (NRS 555.05). To assist the reader, we also included a separate table detailing the noxious weeds, category level (A, B, or C), and the typical habitats that these species invade. Common Name Arranged Alphabetically Common Name acacia, catclaw agave alder, mountain alder, white alder sp. arrowhead arrowweed ash, velvet aspen aspen, quaking aster avens, alpine balsamroot, arrowleaf barberry, creeping beeflower birch birch, water bitterbrush, antelope bitterbrush bittercherry Scientific Name Acacia greggii Agave spp. Alnus incana Alnus rhombifolia Alnus spp. Sagittaria cuneata Pluchea sericea Fraxinus velutina Populus tremuloides Populus tremuloides Aster spp. Geum rossii Balsamorhiza sagittata Berberis repens Cleome serrulata Betula spp. Betula occidentalis Purshia tridentata Purshia tridentata Prunus emarginata Status (E=Exotic; I=Invasive; N=Noxious) Appendix J: Native & Invasive Plant List J-1
blackbrush Coleogyne ramosissima bluegrass Poa spp. borax-weed, western Nitrophila occidentalis boxthorn Lycium spp. brome, red Bromus madritensis var. rubens buckbrush Ceanothus velutinus buckwheat, California Eriogonum fasciculatum buckthorn Rhamnus spp. budsage Artemisia spinescens buffaloberry Shepherdia argentea bulrush Scirpus spp. bulrush, alkali Scirpus maritimus bulrush, hardstem Scirpus acutus burreed Sparganium spp. bursage, white Ambrosia dumosa cactus, beavertail Opuntia basilaris camassia Camassia quamash cattail Typha spp. ceanothus, cup-leaf Ceanothus greggii var. vestitus ceanothus Ceanothus spp. cedar, incense Calocedrus decurrens celery, wild Apium graveolens E chamise Adenostoma spp. cheatgrass Bromus tectorum E, I chinquapin Chrysolepis sempervirens chokecherry Prunus virginiana cholla, buckhorn Opuntia acanthocarpa cholla Opuntia spp. chuparosa Justica californica cicely, Western sweet Osmorhiza occidentalis cinquefoil Potentilla spp. cinquefoil, shrubby Pentaphylloides fruticosa cliffrose Purshia stansburiana columbine Aquilegia spp. cottonwood, black Populus trichocarpa cottonwood, Fremont Populus deltoides var. fremontii creosote bush Larrea tridentata currant Ribes spp. currant, golden Ribes aureum currant, Sierra Ribes nevadense currant, squaw Ribes cereum dalea Psorothamnus spp. desert holly Atriplex hymenelytra desert-thorn Lycium spp. didymo Didymosphenia geminata I dogwood Cornus spp. dogwood, red-osier Cornus sericea dropseed, sand Sporobolus cryptandrus Appendix J: Native & Invasive Plant List J-2
elder Sambucus spp. elderberry, red Sambucus racemosa elodea, Brazilian Egeria densa E, I fern, bracken Pteridium aquilinum fescue, Idaho Festuca idahoensis fir, Douglas Pseudotsuga menziesii fir, red Abies magnifica fir, subalpine Abies lasiocarpa fir, white Abies concolor fireweed Chamerion spp. flatsedge Cyperus spp. galleta Pleuraphis jamesii geranium, sticky Geranium viscosissimum gilia, scarlet Ipomopsis aggregata globemallow Sphaeralcea spp. gooseberry, mountain Ribes roezlii grama, blue Bouteloua gracilis grass, needle-and-thread Hesperostipa comata greasewood Sarcobatus vermiculatus hackberry Celtis reticulata hairgrass, slender Deschampsia elongata hairgrass, tufted Deschampsia cespitosa halogeton Halogeton glomeratus E, I heath Erica spp. E hellebore, false Veratrum californicum hemlock, mountain Tsuga mertensiana holly, desert Atriplex hymenelytra honeysuckle Lonicera spp. hopsage Grayia spinosa horsebrush, four-part Tetradymia tetrameres horsemint Monardella spp. iodinebush Allenrolfea occidentalis Joshua tree Yucca brevifolia juniper, California Juniperus californica juniper, common Juniperus communis juniper, Utah Juniperus osteosperma juniper, Rocky Mountain Juniperus scopulorum juniper, western Juniperus occidentalis larkspur Delphinium spp. lavender, desert Hyptis emoryi lily Lilium spp. lily, water Nymphaea spp. liveoak, shrub Quercus turbinella lupine Lupinus spp. lycium Lycium spp. manzanita Arctostaphylos spp. manzanita, greenleaf Arctostaphylos patula manzanita, Mexican Arctostaphylos pungens Appendix J: Native & Invasive Plant List J-3
maple, bigtooth Acer macrophyllum meadowrue, Fendler Thalictrum fendleri medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae E, I, N mesquite, honey Prosopis glandulosa mesquite, screwbean Prosopis pubescens mistletoe Phoradendron spp. mistletoe, desert Phoradendron californicum Mormon tea Ephedra spp. mountain-mahogany Cercocarpus spp. mountain-mahogany, alderleaf Cercocarpus. montanus mountain-mahogany, curlleaf Cercocarpus ledifolius mountain-mahogany, littleleaf Cercocarpus intricatus mule's ears, mountain Wyethia mollis mule's ears, northern Wyethia amplexicaulis mustard, sahara Brassica tournefortii E, I, N mustard, tansy Descurainia spp. E, I needle-and-thread Hesperostipa comata needlegrass, Western Achnatherum occidentalis oak, black Quercus kelloggii oak, Gambel's Quercus gambelli oak, scrub Quercus spp. oak, shrub live Quercus turbinella ocotillo Fouquieria splendens spp. splendens olive, Russian Elaeagnus angustifolius E, I paintbrush, Indian Castilleja spp. palm, California fan Washingtonia filifera E, I paloverde Cercidium spp. pennyroyal Monardella spp. penstemon Penstemon spp. phlox, cushion Phlox pulvinata phragmites Phragmites australis I pine, Intermountain bristlecone Pinus longaeva pine, Jeffrey Pinus jeffreyi pine, limber Pinus flexilis pine, lodgepole Pinus contorta pine, ponderosa Pinus ponderosa pine, sugar Pinus lambertiana pine, western white Pinus monticola pine, whitebark Pinus albicaulis pinyon, singleleaf Pinus monophylla pondweed Potamogeton spp. pondweed, curly-leaf Potamogeton crispus E, I pondweed, sago Potamogeton pectinatus quailbush Atriplex lentiformis rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus spp. rabbitbrush, rubber Chrysothamnus nauseosus ricegrass, Indian Achnatherum hymenoides rice, wild Zizania spp. Appendix J: Native & Invasive Plant List J-4
rose, wild rush rush, Baltic rush, Sierra sacaton, alkali sage sagebrush sagebrush, big sagebrush, black sagebrush, mountain sagebrush, low sagebrush, Wyoming Rosa woodsii var. ultramontana Juncus spp. Juncus balticus Juncus nevadensis Sporobolus airoides Salvia spp. Artemisia spp. Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata Artemisia nova Artemisia tridentata var.vaseyana Artemisia arbuscula Artemisia tridentata var. wyomingensis salmonberry Rubus spectabilis saltbush Atriplex spp. saltbush, fourwing Atriplex canescens saltbush, many-fruit Atriplex polycarpa saltcedar Tamarix ramosissima E, I, N saltgrass Distichlis spicata sand-verbena, desert Abronia villosa sedge, Ross Carex rossii seepweed Suaeda moquinii seepwillow Baccharis salicifolia serviceberry Amelanchier spp. shadscale Atriplex confertifolia shooting star Dodecatheon jeffreyi silktassel, ashy Garrya flavescens silktassel, Wright's Garrya wrightii smartweed Polygonum spp. smartweed, water Polygonum amphibium snapdragon Antirrhinum spp. snowberry Symphoricarpos spp. spikerush Eleocharis spp. spruce, Engelmann Picea engelmannii squaw-apple Peraphyllum ramosissimum squirreltail Elymus elymoides stork s bill Erodium cicutarium sumac Rhus spp. sumac, oakleaf Rhus trilobata sycamore Platanus racemosa thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense E, I, N thistle, Musk Carduus nutans E, I, N thistle, Russian Salsola tragus E, I thistle, Scotch Onopordum acanthium E, I, N timothy, alpine Phleum alpinum toad-flax Linaria spp. E, I, N tule Scirpus acutus Appendix J: Native & Invasive Plant List J-5
valerian, Western Valeriana occicidentalis wheatgrass, bluebunch Pseudoroegneria spicata wheatgrass, crested Agropyron desertorum E wheatgrass, intermediate Elytrigia intermedia E whitetop, tall (perennial pepperweed) Lepidium latifolium E, I, N wigeongrass Ruppia maritima wildrye, blue Elymus glaucus wildrye, creeping Leymus triticoides wildrye, Great Basin Leymus cinereus willow Salix spp. willow, arroyo Salix lasiolepis willow, coyote Salix exigua willow, desert Chilopsis linearis willow, Goodding Salix gooddingii willow, red Salix laevigata willow, shining Salix lucida winterfat Krascheninnikovia lanata yarrow, common Achillea millefolium yucca Yucca spp. Scientific Name Arranged Alphabetically Common Name Scientific Name Abies concolor fir, white Abies lasiocarpa fir, subalpine Abies magnifica fir, red Abronia villosa sand-verbena, desert Acacia greggii acacia, catclaw Acacia greggii catclaw Acer macrophyllum maple, bigtooth Achillea millefolium yarrow, common Achnatherum hymenoides ricegrass, Indian Achnatherum occidentalis needlegrass, Western Adenostoma spp. chamise Agave spp. agave Agropyron desertorum wheatgrass, crested E Allenrolfea occidentalis iodinebush Alnus incana alder, mountain Alnus rhombifolia alder, white Alnus spp. alder sp. Ambrosia dumosa bursage, white Amelanchier spp. serviceberry Antirrhinum spp snapdragon Apium graveolens celery, wild E Aquilegia spp. columbine Arctostaphylos pungens manzanita, Mexican Status (E=Exotic; I=Invasive; N=Noxious) Appendix J: Native & Invasive Plant List J-6
Arctostaphylos patula manzanita, greenleaf Arctostaphylos spp. manzanita Artemisia arbuscula sagebrush, low Artemisia nova sagebrush, black Artemisia spinescens budsage Artemisia spp. sagebrush Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata sagebrush, big Artemisia tridentata var. wyomingensis sagebrush, Wyoming Artemisia tridentata var.vaseyana sagebrush, mountain Aster spp. aster Atriplex canescens saltbush, fourwing Atriplex confertifolia shadscale Atriplex hymenelytra desert holly Atriplex hymenelytra holly, desert Atriplex lentiformis quailbush Atriplex polycarpa saltbush, many-fruit Atriplex spp. saltbush Baccharis salicifolia seepwillow Balsamorhiza sagittata balsamroot, arrowleaf Berberis repens barberry, creeping Betula occidentalis birch, water Betula spp. birch Bouteloua gracilis grama, blue Brassica tournefortii mustard, sahara E, I, N Bromus madritensis var. rubens brome, red E, I Bromus tectorum cheatgrass E, I Calocedrus decurrens cedar, incense Camassia quamash camassia Carduus nutans thistle, Musk E, I, N Castilleja spp. paintbrush, Indian Ceanothus greggii var. vestitus ceanothus, cup-leaf Ceanothus spp. ceanothus Ceanothus velutinus buckbrush Celtis reticulata hackberry Cercidium spp. paloverde Cercocarpus intricatus mountain-mahogany, littleleaf Cercocarpus ledifolius mountain-mahogany, curlleaf Cercocarpus spp. mountain-mahogany Cercocarpus. montanus mountain-mahogany, alderleaf Chamerion spp. fireweed Chilopsis linearis willow, desert Chrysolepis sempervirens chinquapin Chrysothamnus nauseosus rabbitbrush, rubber Chrysothamnus spp. rabbitbrush Cirsium arvense thistle, Canada Cleome serrulata beeflower Coleogyne ramosissima blackbrush Cornus sericea dogwood, red-osier Appendix J: Native & Invasive Plant List J-7
Cornus spp. dogwood Cyperus spp. flatsedge Delphinium spp. larkspur Deschampsia cespitosa hairgrass, tufted Deschampsia elongata hairgrass, slender Descurainia spp. mustard, tansy E, I Distichlis spicata saltgrass Dodecatheon jeffreyi shooting star Elaeagnus angustifolius olive, Russian E, I Eleocharis spp. spikerush Egeria densa elodea, Brazilian E, I Elymus elymoides squirreltail Elymus glaucus wildrye, blue Elytrigia intermedia wheatgrass, intermediate E Ephedra spp. Mormon tea Erica spp. heath E Eriogonum fasciculatum buckwheat, California Erodium cicutarium stork s bill Festuca idahoensis fescue, Idaho Fouquieria splendens spp. splendens ocotillo Fraxinus velutina ash, velvet Garrya flavescens silktassel, ashy Garrya wrightii silktassel, Wright's Geranium viscosissimum geranium, sticky Geum rossii avens, alpine Grayia spinosa hopsage Halogeton glomeratus halogeton E, I Hesperostipa comata grass, needle-and-thread Hesperostipa comata needle-and-thread Hyptis emoryi lavender, desert Ipomopsis aggregata gilia, scarlet Juncus balticus rush, Baltic Juncus nevadensis rush, Sierra Juncus spp. rush Juniperus californica juniper, California Juniperus communis juniper, common Juniperus occidentalis juniper, western Juniperus osteosperma juniper, Utah Juniperus scopulorum juniper, Rocky Mountain Justica californica chuparosa Krascheninnikovia lanata winterfat Larrea tridentata creosote bush Lepidium latifolium whitetop, tall (perennial pepperweed) E, I, N Leymus cinereus wildrye, Great Basin Leymus triticoides wildrye, creeping Lilium spp. lily Linaria spp. toad-flax E, I, N Lonicera spp. honeysuckle Appendix J: Native & Invasive Plant List J-8
Lupinus spp. lupine Lycium spp. boxthorn Lycium spp. desert-thorn Lycium spp. lycium Monardella spp. horsemint Monardella spp. pennyroyal Nitrophila occidentalis borax-weed, western Nymphaea spp. lily, water Onopordum acanthium thistle, Scotch E, I, N Opuntia acanthocarpa cholla, buckhorn Opuntia basilaris cactus, beavertail Opuntia spp. cholla Osmorhiza occidentalis cicely, Western sweet Penstemon spp. penstemon Pentaphylloides fruticosa cinquefoil, shrubby Peraphyllum ramosissimum squaw-apple Phleum alpinum timothy, alpine Phlox pulvinata phlox, cushion Phoradendron californicum mistletoe, desert Phoradendron spp. mistletoe Phragmites australis phragmites I Picea engelmannii spruce, Engelmann Pinus albicaulis pine, whitebark Pinus contorta pine, lodgepole Pinus flexilis pine, limber Pinus jeffreyi pine, Jeffrey Pinus lambertiana pine, sugar Pinus longaeva pine, Intermountain bristlecone Pinus monophylla pinyon, singleleaf Pinus monticola pine, western white Pinus ponderosa pine, ponderosa Platanus racemosa sycamore Pleuraphis jamesii galleta Pluchea sericea arrowweed Poa spp. bluegrass Polygonum amphibium spp. smartweed, water Polygonum spp. smartweed Populus deltoides var. fremontii cottonwood, Fremont Populus tremuloides aspen Populus tremuloides aspen, quaking Populus trichocarpa cottonwood, black Potamogeton crispus pondweed, curly-leaf E, I Potamogeton pectinatus pondweed, sago Potamogeton spp. pondweed Potentilla spp. cinquefoil Prosopis glandulosa mesquite, honey Prosopis pubescens mesquite, screwbean Prunus emarginata bittercherry Appendix J: Native & Invasive Plant List J-9
Prunus virginiana chokecherry Pseudoroegneria spicata wheatgrass, bluebunch Pseudotsuga menziesii fir, Douglas Psorothamnus spp. dalea Pteridium aquilinum fern, bracken Purshia stansburiana cliffrose Purshia tridentata bitterbrush, antelope Purshia tridentata bitterbrush Quercus gambelli oak, Gambel's Quercus kelloggii oak, black Quercus spp. oak, scrub Quercus turbinella liveoak, shrub Quercus turbinella oak, shrub live Rhamnus spp. buckthorn Rhus spp. sumac Rhus trilobata sumac, oakleaf Ribes aureum currant, golden Ribes cereum currant, squaw Ribes nevadense currant, Sierra Ribes roezlii gooseberry, mountain Ribes spp. currant Rosa woodsii var. ultramontana rose, wild Rubus spectabilis salmonberry Ruppia maritima wigeongrass Sagittaria cuneata arrowhead Salix exigua willow, coyote Salix gooddingii willow, Goodding Salix laevigata willow, red Salix lasiolepis willow, arroyo Salix lucida willow, shining Salix spp. willow Salsola tragus thistle, Russian E, I Salvia spp. sage Sambucus racemosa elderberry, red Sambucus spp. elder Sarcobatus vermiculatus greasewood Scirpus acutus bulrush, hardstem Scirpus acutus tule Scirpus maritimus bulrush, alkali Scirpus spp. bulrush Shepherdia argentea buffaloberry Sparganium spp. burreed Sphaeralcea spp. globemallow Sporobolus airoides sacaton, alkali Sporobolus cryptandrus dropseed, sand Suaeda moquinii seepweed Symphoricarpos spp. snowberry Taeniatherum caput-medusae medusahead E, I, N Appendix J: Native & Invasive Plant List J-10
Tamarix ramosissima saltcedar E, I, N Tetradymia tetrameres horsebrush, four-part Thalictrum fendleri meadowrue, Fendler Tsuga mertensiana hemlock, mountain Typha spp. cattail Valeriana occicidentalis valerian, Western Veratrum californicum hellebore, false Washingtonia filifera palm, California fan E, I Wyethia amplexicaulis mule's ears, northern Wyethia mollis mule's ears, mountain Yucca brevifolia Joshua tree Yucca spp. yucca Zizania spp. rice, wild Noxious Weed List (NRS 555) Category A Weeds are generally not found or that are limited in distribution throughout the State. Such weeds are subject to: (a) Active exclusion from the State and active eradication wherever found; (b) Active eradication from the premises of a dealer of nursery stock. Common Name Scientific Name Common Areas Found African rue Peganum harmala dry, alkali Austrian fieldcress Rorippa austriaca wet soils, marshes, wet meadows Black henbane Hyoscyamus niger pastures, roadsides Camelthorn Alhagi pseudalhagi dry soils, moist areas, riparian Common crupina Crupina vulgaris rangelands, forest, grasslands Common St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum shrublands with sandy, gravely soils Crimson fountain grass Pennisetum setaceum dry areas, rocky soils, dry riverbeds Dalmatian toadflax Linaria dalmatica roadsides, rangelands Dyer s woad Isatis tinctoria roadsides, disturbed sites, pastures, rangeland Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum aquatic systems Giant reed Arundo donax wetlands Giant salvinia Salvinia molesta and other S. spp. aquatic Goatsrue Galega officinalis agricultural areas, waterways, marshes Houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale pastures, roadsides, disturbed areas Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata aquatic Iberian starthistle Centaurea iberica roadsides, disturbed areas Malta starthistle Centaurea melitensis roadsides, disturbed areas Mayweed chamomile Anthemis cotula agricultural areas, pastures Mediterranean sage Salvia aethiopis pastures, meadows, open areas Perennial sowthistle Sonchus arvensis moist areas, agricultural areas, ditchbanks Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria, L. virgatum & cultivars wetlands, riparian, agricultural areas Purple starthistle Centaurea calcitrapa roadsides, disturbed agricultural areas Rush skeletonweed Chondrilla juncea disturbed soils, rangeland, pastures Spotted knapweed Centaurea maculosa any disturbed soils Squarrose knapweed Centaurea virgata rangelands Sulfur cinquefoil Potentilla recta disturbed areas, roadsides Swainsonpea Sphaerophysa salsul roadsides, fencelines Appendix J: Native & Invasive Plant List J-11
Syrian beancaper Zygophyllum fabago dry saline sites, disturbed soils Yellow starthistle Centaurea solstitialis roadsides, disturbed areas Yellow toadflax Linaria vulgaris rangelands, shrublands Category B Weeds that are generally established in scattered populations in some counties of the State. Such weeds are subject to: (a) Active exclusion where possible; (b) Active eradication from the premises of a dealer of nursery stock. Common Name Scientific Name Common Areas Found African mustard Brassica tournefortii disturbed areas, desert shrublands Diffuse knapweed Centaurea diffusa dry rangelands, overgrazed pasture, roadsides Horsenettle Solanum carolinense wetlands, riparian, agricultural areas, pasture Leafy spurge Euphorbia esula pasturelands, wet meadows Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae dry, rangeland, pastures Musk thistle Carduus nutans agricultural, riparian, wetlands, meadows Russian knapweed Acroptilon repens highly disturbed areas, roadsides, fields Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium roadsides, disturbed areas, fields Silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium riparian, wetlands, agricultural areas Category C Weeds are weeds that are generally established and generally widespread in many counties of the State. Such weeds are subject to active eradication from the premises of a dealer of nursery stock. Common Name Scientific Name Common Areas Found Canada thistle Cirsium arvense riparian, agricultural areas Hoary cress Cardaria draba highly disturbed areas, riparian, agricultural, meadows, alkali soils Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense fields, agricultural areas, meadows Perennial pepperweed Lepidium latifolium riparian, wetlands, agricultural areas Poison-hemlock Conium maculatum riparian, wetlands, irrigation Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris disturbed soils in open areas, fields Salt cedar (tamarisk) Tamarix spp. riparian, ornamental landscapes Spotted water hemlock Cicuta maculata poorly drained soils, ditchbanks Literature Cited Baldwin, B. G., S. Boyd, B. J. Ertter, R. W. Patterson, T. J. Rosati, and D. H. Wilken. 2002. The Jepson Desert Manual Vascular Plants of Southeastern California. University of California Press, Berkeley. 624 pp. Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren (in six volumes). 1972-2005. Intermountain Flora Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual Higher Plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley. 1400 pp. Appendix J: Native & Invasive Plant List J-12
U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Library. National Invasive Species Information Center. 2011. www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov. Western Society of Weed Science. Weeds of the West. 2000. University of Wyoming, Jackson. 628 pp. Appendix J: Native & Invasive Plant List J-13