Technology Trends Driving the Adoption of UV LED Curing

The World Leader in UV LED Curing Technology Technology Trends Driving the Adoption of UV LED Curing Wednesday, October 28, 2015

Industrial Sources of UV Energy Voltage Arc/Electrode Microwave UV LED www.phoseon.com Page 2

Conventional UV Sources Voltage Arc Powered Lamp (Electrode) Electrode Mercury Electrical Connection Quartz Tube Magnetrons Microwave Powered Lamp Quartz Tube Reflector Mercury Screen www.phoseon.com Page 3

UV LED Sources Liquid Cooling Tubes (or Cooling Fans) DC Power, Control, Diagnostics Internal Heat Sink (Water Manifold or Cooling Fins) Emitting Window and Matrix of UV LEDs www.phoseon.com Page 4

UV LED Sources Direct current causes the semiconductor to emit a narrow band of UV. www.phoseon.com Page 5

Rating Conventional UV Sources Nominal Power Wattage of Unit Length of Lamp Typical Values 100 600 Watts Per Inch Nominal Power rates power consumption as opposed to power output. Not a relevant spec for communicating UV LED performance. www.phoseon.com Page 6

Rating all UV Sources Accurately! Wavelength (nm) - distance between corresponding points of a wave.! Peak Irradiance (Watts/cm 2 ) - radiant power arriving at a surface per unit area.! Energy Density (Joules/cm2) - radiant energy arriving at a surface per unit area. Irradiance Energy Density Time www.phoseon.com Page 7

UV LED Spectral Output Materials must be formulated to take advantage of the relatively narrow band of wavelengths. www.phoseon.com Page 8

UV LED Optics! Divergent light sources.! Emitting angles vary.! Location of peak irradiance a factor of optics (3 5 mm typical with flat glass).! Irradiance (power density) decreases with distance.! Total UV power at cure surface remains the same with distance.! Uniformity at cure surface improves with distance. Irradiance @ Glass = 100% Projected Area = 7.5 cm 2 Power = 30 Watts Irradiance @ 6 mm = 50% Projected Area = 15 cm 2 Power = 30 Watts Flat Glass Angle Reduction Rod Lens View Through Emitting Window www.phoseon.com Page 9

UV LED Thermal Management! ~30% of input power converted to useable UV output.! ~70% of input power converted to unwanted heat.! Cannot exceed maximum LED junction temperature.! Cooling is designed to optimize the efficiency of the LEDs.! Cooling can be air or liquid. 30% 70% www.phoseon.com Page 10

30% Efficient is Actually Pretty Good Energy efficient LED lighting fixtures provide twice the lumens per watt of electricity than legacy metal halide fixtures. www.phoseon.com Page 11

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But where does the technology really stand today? www.phoseon.com Page 13

UV LEDs Continue to Increase in Output! 365 nm UV LED systems emit: 8 Watts/cm 2 12 Watts/cm 2! 385, 395, and 405 nm UV LED systems emit: 12 to 14 Watts/cm 2 20 to 25 Watts/cm 2! Laboratory LED work is being done at much higher levels. www.phoseon.com Page 14

UV LEDs Continue to Increase in Output! 365 nm UV LED systems emit: 8 Watts/cm 2 12 Watts/cm 2! 385, 395, and 405 nm UV LED systems emit: 12 to 14 Watts/cm 2 20 to 25 Watts/cm 2! Laboratory LED work is being done at much higher levels.! Arc lamps emit up to 3 Watts/cm 2 typically.! Microwave lamps emit up to 5 Watts/cm 2 typically. www.phoseon.com Page 15

UV LED Wavelengths Pushing into UVB & UVC UV LED Visible, 14% ; 0 Standard Mercury Lamp UV-A, 100% UV-B, 30% UV-C, 8% Infrared; 23% Visible, 14% UV-A, 25% 365, 385, 395, and 405 nm UVA LEDs available now. Nothing commercially available in UVB and UVC for industrial curing today. R&D activity only. www.phoseon.com Page 16

UV LEDs Engineered as High Tech Electronics The construction and operation of a UV LED curing system has more in common with a smart phone and a tablet than with a microwave or an arc lamp. www.phoseon.com Page 17

UV LEDs Continue to Increase in Efficiency! Improvements in native LED design, manufacturing, and quality.! Improvements in LED packaging and integration.! Systems being properly designed for the specific application and more extreme operating environments. Leading to increasingly higher powered heads (both air and liquid), wider product selection, and an overall reduction in total power consumption for a given peak irradiance. www.phoseon.com Page 18

UV LEDs Continue to Expand their Useful Life UV Intensity 100% 90% 80% 70% Conventional Lamps: Replaced every 2,000 hours commonly 10K 20K 30K 40K 50K Hours UV LED Phoseon continually operates 50+ units on long-term life test. Testing includes various duty cycles, high-temperature, airflow reduction, etc. Life cycle testing has exceeded 50K hours. Example of test data >L80 @ 50,000 hours www.phoseon.com Page 19

Market Activity Rapidly Expanding www.phoseon.com Page 20

Market Activity Rapidly Expanding Printing Segment Innovators Early Adopters Early Majority Late Majority Inkjet Accomplished Accomplished Accomplished In Progress Screen Accomplished Accomplished In Progress Offset - Sheet Fed Accomplished Accomplished In Progress Flexo - Narrow Web Accomplished Accomplished In Progress Flexo - Wide Web Litho Exploring Exploring www.phoseon.com Page 21

Market Activity Rapidly Expanding www.phoseon.com Page 22

More Value Delivered Every Year! Performance increases every year as cost decreases. 30 25 20 UV LED System Output Air Cooled Water Cooled Compact Sizes In-Line Monitoring 15 Digital Control 10 5 0 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 www.phoseon.com Page 23

Competition Driving Improvements Competition drives better, cheaper, and more capable lamps. Better lamps drive end-user innovation. New market entrants with varying capabilities. Not all will succeed. www.phoseon.com Page 24

Impact of Mercury Regulation! RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances)! WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment)! REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals)! United Nations mercury ban by 2020.! Mercury exemptions in legislation! Due to lack of suitable alternatives Now have UV LED! Large scale (factory implementations) Likely to continue! Small scale (digital printers, mobile systems) Being reviewed July 2016 www.phoseon.com Page 25

Tips for Driving a Successful UV LED Project! Take ownership of the project.! Understand and communicate your needs.! Seek corporate buy-in and collaboration between all.! Challenge the assumptions.! Partners should understand one another s technical language.! Controlled and supported introduction.! Lab demo! Pilot line trial! Production line test! Test and evaluate the variables at all stages www.phoseon.com Page 26

Tips for Driving a Successful UV LED Project! Well-supported projects with the buy-in of the end-user, materials partner, and proven LED lamp partner generate success rates well over 90%.! Go out and look at your lamp partner/supplier. UV LED is developing rapidly and offering desirable capability. UV LED curing for inkjet now considered conventional. In less than 10 years, nearly all UV curing will be UV LED based. www.phoseon.com Page 27

Grasping New Technology Specs is Tough www.phoseon.com Page 28

Thank You. Jennifer Heathcote Phoseon Technology Regional Sales Manager Jennifer.Heathcote@phoseon.com +1 (312) 550-5828 www.phoseon.com