2nd call AEGIS, BPGV Meeting, 21 June 2011, Braga Violeta Lopes and Ana Maria Barata
Brassicas in Portugal Portugal, currently, has 2% of the agricultural surface occupied with horticultural species, and fresh vegetables represents 16% of agro-food (II National Report on Plant Genetic Resources, 2008). Major horticultural crops in Portugal production: Tomatoes 1.100,000 Mt Carrots 180,000 Mt Cabbages 150,000 Mt Onion 120.000 t (FAO, 2008)
Brassicas in Portugal Cabbage production and other Brassica crops in Portugal occupies the 13th place in the ranking of crops with a value of 22,035 ($ 1,000). (FAO, 2007) The most representative regions for Brassica production and marketing are West (near Lisbon), Póvoa do Varzim, Esposende and Aveiro. In total, occupies around 10,000 hectares, and cabbage and kale cabbage represent almost 50% of the total area. Use modern varieties and conventional agricultural
Traditional varieties and horticultural crops What's happen? Generally The reduction of 5% in the agricultural surface between the nineties and 2000s years, due to replacement for forests and urban centres including roads. To horticultural regions the surface increase in recent years. The urbanization, depopulation and displacement from rural regions has been an element of changes of peri-urban and rural landscapes, provoking the loss of home gardens and consequently the species (Environmental performance of agriculture in the OECD since 1990: section for each country - Portugal, 2008).
Traditional varieties and horticultural crops Today in peri-urban centres there are news landscapes Small gardens to self-supply the family. Don t use traditional varieties Today Small farms, out from important horticultural regions, utilized the traditional varieties of vegetables: onions, tomatoes, cabbage, turnip and watermelon.
Why BPGV conserved Brassica species Traditional varieties value Contain historical and traditional heritage Local varieties have two characteristics: they are heterogeneous populations and were developed from the selection made by farmers. The heterogeneity confers development even in adverse conditions. a greater plasticity in
Why BPGV conserved Brassica species The farms specialization in horticulture use of "early fruit" instead of own seed production and this one has been reducing the use of local varieties. Increase the number of plants nurseries, there isn t seed production and the traditional varieties are replacement. In nineties years Dave Asley invited us, more precisely Rena Farias, to a collect mission.
The BPGV has a collection of 935 Brassica accessions. The Brassica BPGV collection was being organized during the 90s Covered the country with the exploration and collection of local varieties from the farmer. The collects were in regions where these species are more important and interesting gastronomic and traditional values such as the North and Central (above Mondego).
The B. oleracea species is the most vegetables consumed, in salads, soups and in a traditional dish. In traditional terms, the Portuguese cuisine will be the few that makes use of so-called cabbage turnip (B. napus) and at present the turnip crop (B. rapa) is increasing especially in regions of intensive horticulture such as the EDM. Entre Douro e Minho Trás-os-Montes Beira Litoral Beira Interior Lisboa Alentejo Algarve
Brassica BPGV collection consists of 935 accessions classified into three species 542 accessions B. oleracea 102 accessions B. napus 291 accessions B. rapa In BPGV collection 20% corresponds to the variety costata (tronchuda cabbage) 73% of accessions are like kale (variety acephala).
Principals Characteristics of Brassica BPGV collection Tab.1 The Portuguese Brassica collections, 1994/2011 B. oleracea (tronchuda, acephala, capitata) B. rapa B. napus total 1994 1987/88; national, 378 farmers ISA 493 91 42 626 BPGV 459 209-668 HRI 200 100 43 343 BPGV 542 291 102 935 2011 INRB, I.P. Oeiras 31-14 45
Principals Characteristics of Brassica BPGV collection 151 170 195 131 99 76 Accessions number 37 31 1 8 12 5 4 6 1 8 1 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2004 2006 Fig.1 Number of accessions from BPGV collection by year
Principals Characteristics of Brassica BPGV collection Tab.3 Brassica BPGV collection _ regions Entre Douro e Minho Trás-os-Montes Beira Litoral Beira Interior Lisboa Alentejo Algarve Regions Lisb oa Beja Portalegre Faro Setúbal Madeira Castelo Branco Évora Aveiro Porto Santarém Viseu Viana do Castelo Guarda Coimbra Bragança Vila Real Braga N um ber of accessos 1 2 3 3 5 5 6 14 16 31 35 63 67 72 79 140 176 206
B. rapa B. napus
Brassica BPGV collection: presentation B. oleracea Costata penca (Chaves, Mirandela, Safres, Póvoa, Coivão, couve Glória de Portugal, couve de Valhascos, Murciana, couve portuguesa), tronchuda/penca/murciana, asa de cantaro; human food Acephala galega kale (couve do horto, couve todo o ano, couve ratinha) Capitata repolho (couves/ Algarve cabbages)
Brassica BPGV collection: presentation B. oleracea 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Viano Cast elo Vila Real Viseu Br aga Br aganç a Cast elo Coimbr a Év or a Guar da Por t o Set úbal Aveir o Far o Leir ia Madeira Port alegre Sant ar ém Beja Br anc o COSTA TA A CEPHALA CA PITATA Fig.2 Distribution of landraces from BPGV collection
Origin: Song et al. (1990) Portuguese galega kale most closely related to the wild B. oleracea and to B. alboglabra Galega Kales>>>>>>>Tronchuda cabbage landraces Kale < tronchuda/penca > cabbages
Thank you very much