PATTERN OF GRAPE CONCENTRATION IN SANGLI DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA Gade A. D. Asst. Prof. & UGC Teacher Fellow in Geography, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Karad, Dist: Satara (M.S.) Gaikwad S. B. Research Guide, Asso. Prof. & Head, Dept of Geography, Miraj Mahavidyalaya, Miraj, Dist-Sangli. ABSTRACT Grape is one of the most commercially important fruit crops of the world. Grape is a tropical and sub-tropical fruit and can be grown in a wide range of climatic condition. The grapevine is a perennial long-lived plant. The country has the distinction of achieving the highest productivity of grape among the 91 grape growing countries in the world, with an average yield of 30 tons per hectare. India is the 9 th largest grape producing country in the world with the production of 26,89,910 tones, which make a share of 3.88 per cent of total production of grape in the world. Sangli district is selected as study region and tahsil is an aerial unit. The period 2001-02 to 2013-14 have consider for the present investigation and Bhatia s Location Quotient method is apply for Crop Concentration of grapevine cultivation in the region. Sangli is the major quality grape growing area in Maharashtra (India). In Sangli district 25,849 hectare area under grapevine cultivation (2013-14). At the beginning of 20 th centaury Kirloskar brothers was at first planted grape (Bhokri) in Kirloskar industrial area in Sangli district. Although grapevine cultivation was practiced since 1960, its scientific cultivation started from 1972.The increase grape cultivated area and growth of grape processing industry has manifold effects on socio-economic conditions in the district. This attempt is made to analyse the concentration of area under grapevine cultivation in Sangli district. Key Words- Grapevine cultivation, Pattern, Area, Concentration, Index INTRODUCTION Grape is one of the most important commercially fruit crops of the world. Grape is produced in over 91 Countries worldwide (APEDA). At present India is 9 th position among grapes growing countries of the world (Shikamany, 2001; Ramanan, 2012; Gade et.al, 2014)). China and Italy stood first position among grape producing countries in the world. Major grape-growing states in India are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. In India mainly Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu jointly contribute more than 90 % of area under grapevine and production of grape (Shanmugavelu, 2008). The Sangli district is second grape growing district in Maharashtra, more than 30 per cent of grape cropped area of the state and more than 1.75 per cent of the total cultivated area occupy by the district. At the beginning of 20 th centuary Kirloskar brothers at first planted grape (Bhokri) in Kirloskar industry area in Sangli District (Patil, 2007).After that 1958, Shri Anna Vol. 2, Issue 3, Jul. Sept., 2014 www.researchfront.in 27
Pachore grape cultivate grape verities of Bhokri and Phakadi at Nandare village in Miraj tahsil (Gaikwad, 2007; 2014). Although grapevine cultivation was practiced since 1960, but its scientific cultivation started from 1972. In Sangli district 25,849 hectare area under grapevine cultivation during the year 2013-14. In Sangli district Tasgaon, Miraj and Palus tahsils were leading in grape production. The increase of grape cultivationarea and growth of grape processing industry has manifold effects on socio-economic conditions in the district. This attempt have been made to study the area under grapevine cultivation in Sangli district. STUDY AREA The Sangli district is situated in western part of Maharashtra State. This district consist ten tahsils covering 731 villages. The total area extend is of 8572 sq. km. extending from 16 o 45 to 17 o 33 north latitudes and 73 o 42 to 75 o 40 east longitudes. It is bounded by Solapur and Satara districts towards North, Bijapur district towards the east, Belgaum district towards the south and the Ratnagiri district towards the West (Fig.1). The climate of the district is normaly dry. From central part to eastern part of the region faces severe drought conditions. The average annual rainfall of the district is 618.66 mm, it decreases from west to east from 4000 to 500 mm. and the temperature ranges from 14.80 0 C to 38.4 0 C. OBJECTIVES The present study is anlyse with the following objectives 1. To study the growth of area under grapevine cultivation. 2. To study the tahsilwise grape cultivation concentration. Data Base and Methodology: The present study is based on secondary data collected from the Department of Agriculture Sangli district, District Statistical office. Socio-economic review of Sangli district, district Census Handbook, Gazetteer agricultural epitomes. Agriculture Statistical Information Maharashtra State etc. The period 2001-02 to 2013-14 is consider for the present investigation. Bhatia s (1965) Location Quotient method is used for grapevine concentration and Simple Statistical method is used to compute the growth. Vol. 2, Issue 3, Jul. Sept., 2014 www.researchfront.in 28
Where, LQi = Location Quotient of grape cultivation in the district. Xij = Area under grape in the tahsil. Xj = Total cropped in the tahsil. Yi = Total tahsil area under grape cultivation in the district. Y = Total cropped area of the district GRAPEVINE CULTIVATION Agriculture is an important economic activity in Sangli district. TheSangli district is considered as core district in Maharashtra for grapevine cultivation. The district is leading in grape production and it covers 30 per cent of total area under grapevine in the State (Gaikwad, 2005). As compare to sugarcane grape gives more return so it is considered to the good option for sugarcane. In this district the Tasgaon,Miraj and Palus tahsils were leading tahsils in grape production. During 1995-96 and 1996-97, area under grapevine cultivation was 4,025 and 4425 hectares respectively and total production of grapes was 91,980 tones in 1995-96. Whereas, in 2013-14 the area under grapevine cultivation is increased over three times i.e.25,849 hectares. Table 1: Growth of area under grapevine cultivation Sr. No. Year Area in hectare Growth rate in % 1 2001-02 7906 0 2 2002-03 11892 50.41 3 2003-04 11272-5.21 4 2004-05 10653-5.49 5 2005-06 11836 11.10 6 2006-07 13020 10.00 7 2007-08 14322 10.00 8 2008-09 16183 12.99 9 2009-10 18448 13.99 10 2010-11 20847 13.00 11 2011-12 18105-13.15 12 2012-13 24124 33.23 13 2013-14 25849 7.15 Source - Department of agriculture Sangli district. Table 1 shows the growth of area under grapevine cultivation in Sangli district. At the beginning of 2001-02, area under grape cultivation is 7906 hectare. It increased from 7906 hector to 25849 hector during 2001-02 to 2013-14 respectively with growth rate 126.95 per cent. The high growth rate is observed in the season 2002-03 and 2012-13 i.e. 50.41 and 33.23 per cent respectively. In season 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11its growth rate is 12.99, 13.99 and 13 per cent. Whereas, the low growth rate is observed in the season of 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08 and 2013-14 with 11.10, 10 and 7.15 per cent. The availability of irrigated water, market rate of table grapes, climatic conditions, ratio of an exporting of table grapes and market rate of raisin (kishmish) these factors are affecting on change in the area of grapevine cultivation in study region (Fig 2 ). The evidences of negative changes have been observed in area under grapevine cultivation during the season in 2003-04, 2004-05 and 2011-12 with growth rate -5.41, -5.21 and -13.15 per cent respectively. The basic reason of negative growth rate is during this period dry drought condition and unfavorable climatic Vol. 2, Issue 3, Jul. Sept., 2014 www.researchfront.in 29
conditions are affected in study region. Recent two years the area, production and productivity were tremendous rise, due to spread of scientific knowledge, comparison of yield with other commercial crops and endless effort of grape growers. CONCENTRATION OF GRAPEVINE CULTIVATION The crop concentration patterns are mainly to differentiate the areas of high, medium and low density of individual crop in the different parts of the region (Hussain, 1979). The pattern of crop concentration reveals the variation in the intensity of crop in the given region at a point of time (Jadhav, 1984). If the index value is more that the concentration of particular crop in the unit area (Tahsil) is high and vice-versa. Table 2: Grape crop concentration index Sr. No Tahsil 2001-2002 2013-14 1 Miraj 1.65 2.06 2 Walva 0.48 0.32 3 Palus N.A 2.12 4 Shirala 0.001 0.0003 5 Kavathe Mahankal 0.80 0.85 6 Khanapur 1.27 0.63 7 Kadegaon N.A 0.71 8 Tasgaon 3.03 2.67 9 Jath 0.89 0.42 10 Atpadi 0.02 0.05 Source: Compiled by researcher Table 2 reveals that distribution of grape crop concentration index in Sangli district during the year 2001-2002 and 2013-14. During the year 2001-02 high concentration ( index value above 3 ) is observed in Tasgaon tahsil. It is mainly raised in the areas of grape cultivation, availability of suitable climate, well drained soil, availability of irrigation, constant efforts, innovative farmers, proper planning for cultivation practices ( Fig 3 ). Medium concentration ( index value 1 to 3 ) is found in Miraj and Khanapur tahsil with index value 1.65 and 1.27 respectively. And low concentration( index value below 1) of Vol. 2, Issue 3, Jul. Sept., 2014 www.researchfront.in 30
grapevine area has been observed in Jat, Kavathe Mahankal, Walwa, Atpadi, and Shirala. The north eastern part of the district is Atpadi tahsils has drought prone area, scarcity of water supply, erratic monsoon, vagaries of monsoon grape concentration show (0.02) that the very low concentration. The western part of the Sangli district in Shirala tahsil index value comes 0.001 in 2001-02 grape concentration is showing very low. During the year 2013-14 Tasgaon tahsil again ranks first in high concentration (index value above 2) grape cropped area followed by Palus and Miraj tahsil with 2.12, 2.06 and 2.67 index value. Due to favorable condition it shows that tahsils Palus and Miraj shown much intrest in grapevine cultivation. The central part of the Sangli district, increasing irrigation intensity, fertile soil and better management obtained high acreage and tonnage. In the medium concentration ( index value 1 to 2) not a single tahsil recorded. However low grape concentration ( index value below 1) during this span is observed in Kavathe Mahankal, Jat Atpadi, Khanapur Shirala and Walwa tahsil. Due to low and uneven rainfall therefore scarcity of water the area under grapevine cultivation is decresed. CONCLUSION Grapevine cultivation is largely controlled by the physio - economic conditions prevailing in the district. Regional disparity in the proportion of grape area to total cropped area is mainly related to the climatic condition and availability of consistent supply of water. Sangli district is forefront in the production of grapes as well as the processing on grapes. As compared to sugarcane low water consumption, grape gives more return so it is considered to the good option against sugarcane. Grape cultivation mainly concentrated in the central eastern part of the district. The farmers faced by the various problems i.e. cost of establishment, fertilizers, manures, pesticides, weeding, labor and marketing also natural hazards. REFERENCES 1. Gaikwad S.D. (2005): Grapevine cultivation in Sangli district of Maharashtra: A Geographical Analysis unpublished Ph.D thesis submitted to Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 2. Gaikwad N.S. (2007): Production and Marketing of Raisins in Sangli District unpublished Ph.D thesis submitted to Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 3. G.Ramanan (2012): Cost of production and capital productivity of Grape cultivation I Tamilnadu, India Indian stream Research journal Vol.2,Issue.I/Feb; 12,Pp.1-4. 4. Gaikwad.S.B. and Gaikwad.N.S. (2014): Raisin,Kishmish Industry in India,Vidya Prakashan,C, 449 Gujaini, Kanpur-22. 5. Gade A. D, Gaikwad S. B & Gaikwad N. S. (2014): Trends in production and exports of grapes in India, Indian Streams Research Journal, 2230-7850, Vol-4, Issue-II, Pp-1-5. 6. Jadhav M.G (1989): Sugarcane cultivation in Upper Krishna Basin: A regional Analysis, Himalaya publishing House, Bombay, Pp -180-186. 7. Mazjid Hussain (1979): Agricultural Geography, Rawat publication, Pp.217-241. Vol. 2, Issue 3, Jul. Sept., 2014 www.researchfront.in 31
8. Patil.C.(2007): Tasgaon Talukyatil Drasha sheticha Aarthic Aitihashik Abhayass, unpublished Ph. D thesis submitted to Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 9. Reddy K.S & Reddy A.K (1983): Crop concentrated in Karimnager district, Andhra Pradesh Emerging Problems, The Deccan Geographer, Vol.XXI, and N.I.Pp-295 to 300. 10. Shanmugavelue K.G. (1989): Post harvest handling and marketing of grapes. Vitic India, Pp- 390. 11. Shikamany S.D. (2001): Grape production in India. In: Papademetrion MK, Dent FJ (eds) Grape production in the asia pecific region,fao RAP Publ, Bankok, Thailand, Pp-15 to 25. 12. APEDA. Vol. 2, Issue 3, Jul. Sept., 2014 www.researchfront.in 32