CHAPTER-V PROFILE OF HYDERABAD KARNATAKA REGION

CHAPTER-V PROFILE OF HYDERABAD KARNATAKA REGION 5.1 Introduction In this chapter a brief profile of study area which is the Hyderabad Karnataka region in Karnataka state is given. Hyderabad Karnataka region which is the name gave to the area which was the part of erstwhile Hyderabad province before the formation of new state. Since the state reorganization in 1956, people of old Bombay Karnataka, Hyderabad Karnataka and other border areas were airing their voices against the extent of regional disparity between the old Mysore taluks and those that have joined the new state. Several committees and academic studies went into the regional disparity aspects in the past. Among the many, keeping in view of acute backwardness of the then Hyderabad Karnataka region, a Committee was set up under the Chairmanship of Shri Dharma Singh in 1980. After some debate and consultations, Hyderabad Karnataka Area Development Board (H.K.A.D.B) came into existence following Karnataka Government Act 35 dated December 10, 1991. It was based partly on the recommendations of Shri Dharma Singh Committee and partly with the intention of developing the most backward region of the state comprising Gulbarga, Bidar, Raichur Koppal, Yadgir and Bellary districts in respect of social and economic infrastructures such as roads and bridges, health care, educational facilities, enhancing drinking water supply, providing minor irrigation, catering to animal husbandry, promoting sericulture, forestry and urban development. The HKADB started functioning from 10-03-1992, having its head quarters at "Abhivrudhi Bhavan, Iwan-E- Shahi Road, Gulbarga". These areas come to be known as Hyderabad Karnataka region later on. Bidar, Gulbarga, Yadgir, Raichur, Koppal and the Hyderabad Karnataka include the districts of Bellary. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 133

5.2 Geographical area of the study Hyderabad Karnataka region is situated in the north eastern part of the Karnataka state and falls within the geographical region of north maiden. It spreads between 14 0 60 to 18 0 30 Northern latitude and 75 0 60 to 77 0 70 Eastern altitude (Brisbhasi, 2001). The region is bound on the north by Sholapur, Nanded and Usmanabad districts of Maharashtra State and on the east by Nizamabad, Medak, Mahaboob Nagar, Rangareddy districts of Andhra Pradesh, in the south by Karnool district of Andhra Pradesh and Chitradurga, Devangere districts of Karnataka state in the west by Bijapur, Bagalkot, Gadag and Haveri districts of Karnataka state. The Hyderabad Karnataka region covers the area of 44138 Sq. Kms. This is account for 23.12 per cent of the total geographical area of the Karnataka State. At presently it is consist of six districts i.e., Bellary, Bidar, Gulbarga, Yadgir, Raichur and Koppal. The following table-5.1 gives the idea of the districts included in the Hyderabad Karnataka region and the area covered by them respectively. Table-5.1 Districts of Hyderabad Karnataka Region and Area Districts Area (in Sq. Km.) % of total geographic area Bellary 8450 19.40 Bidar 5448 12.10 Gulbarga and Yadgir 16224 36.42 Raichur 6827 15.73 Koppal 7189 16.52 Total H.K. region 44138 100.00 Source: Forest survey of 2009 Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 134

5.3 Physiographic Physiographical the Hyderabad Karnataka region forms the part of two well defined physiographic region of Karnataka state. A) Northern part of Karnataka Plateau The northern Karnataka plateau comprises the districts of Bidar and Gulbarga. It is largely composed of Deccan trap. It represents a monotonous treeless extensive plateau landscape with a general elevation of 300 to 600 mts. From the mean sea level this region is largely covered with the rich black cotton soil. B) Central Karnataka plateau: The central Karnataka plateau comprises of the districts of Raichur, Koppal, and Bellary. The region represents the transisnal surface between the Northern Karnataka plateaus with relatively higher surface. By and large this region represents the area of Tungabhadra basin. The general evaluation varies between 450 to700 mts. From the sea level 5.4 Soil The soil condition in Hyderabad Karnataka region varies from district to district. Major portion of Gulbarga and Bidar districts consists of deep black soil, few parts of Bidar district i.e., Humanabad, Basawakalyan, Bidar talukas have laterite soil. On the other hand the districts of Raichur, Koppal, Yadgir and Bellary districts are covered by the reddish. Sandy soil, the light green loamy soil and there reddish drown soil. The soil and climate conditions are very district to district in the H.K. region. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 135

5.5 Climate The climate of the H.K. region in general is characterized by dryness for the major part of the year and a very hot summer. The year may be divided broadly into four seasons. The hot season begins by the middle of February and extends to the end of May. The south-west monsoon season is from June to the end of September. October and November are post monsoon and the period from December to the middle of February is the cold season. The region receives rainfall both from south-west and North West monsoons. However, the mean rainfall in the region is very scant at 692 million meter in a year. 5.6 Rivers Three major river basins of south India i.e., Godavari, Krishna, and Tungabhadra covers the area of H.K. region karanja, Bhima, Krishna, Hagari and Chikkahagari are the major rivers of the Hyderabad Karnataka region 5.7 Mineral Resources The region is endowed with rich minerals resources such as lime stone. Gypsum, quartz, stearite, bauxite, kaolin, red ochre, white quartz Iron ore manganese The most important mineral of Gulbarga and Yadgir district is the limestone which is found in Chittapur, Sedam, Chincholi, Shahapur, Shorapur and Jewargi covering about 15000 sq. miles. Large deposits of kaolin are located in Bidar district. About 2500 tones of good kaolin clay are estimated to be available in the district. The most important mineral available in Raichur district in Hatti is gold, next to kolar district; Raichur is the only other district producing gold in the Karnataka state. The district has the prestigious Hatti gold mines and the reserves of gold are estimated to be of 4.11 Lakh tonnes. Bellary district has been endowed with iron ore and manganese. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 136

5.8 Human Resources The decadal growth of population of Karnataka over the decades from 2001-2011 is given in table 5.2. The provisional results for the Censes of India 2011, reveals that population of Karnataka at the reference point of time are 611s 30704 The area population according to 2011 census is 11286343 under the table of H.K. region population detailed of all districts. The growth of population of the H.K. area is shown in the table 5.2. Table-5.2 Growth of population 1991-2011 Districts 2001Census 2011Census (provisional data) population % variation Population % variation Bellary 20,27,140 22.41 25,32,383 24.92 Bidar 15,02,373 19.63 17,00,018 13.16 Gulbarga 21,74,742 21.76 25,64,892 17.94 Yadgir 9,56,180 20.12 11,72,985 22.67 Raichur 16,69,762 23.52 19,24,773 15.27 Koppal 11,96,089 24.84 13,91,292 16.32 H.k.Region 95,26,286 18.06 1,12,86,343 18.46 Total State 5,27,33,958 17.51 6,11,30,704 15.67 Source: Census of India 2011, GOK, Directorate of Economics and Statistics. The H.K. region has experienced a growth rate of population i.e. 26.14. This was above the state average of 20.65 during 1981-91. On the other hand, during 1991-2001 the growth rate is 18.06 which are well above the state average of 17.51, during 2001-2011 the growth rate of provisional is H.K. region 18.46 and the state average is 15.67 the same period; growth of population from 2001 to 2011 is depicted. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 137

5.9 Density According to 2001 and 2011 census the density of population in H.K. region was 215 and 271, it was lower than the density of 2001 and 2011 population of Karnataka 276 and 319. However the density of population is not uniform throughout the region. This is evident from the table 5.3. Table-5.3 District-Wise Density of H.K. Region Districts Density 2001 Density 2011Census Bellary 240 300 Bidar 276 312 Gulbarga 197 233 Yadgir 182 224 Raichur 198 228 Koppal 166 250 H.K. Region 215 271 State 276 319 Source: Gok, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, District-Wise Density of H.K. Region Density 2001 Density 2011(provisional list) 300 240 312 276 233 224 228 197 198 182 250 166 Bellary Bidar Gulbarga Yadgir Raichur Koppal Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 138

In the above table of Year 2001 and 2011, Bidar is thickly populated districts in Hyderabad Karnataka region with density of population 276 and 312 per sq. kms. Koppal is the thinly populated district with density of 166 and 250 people per sq. kms. 5.10 Sex Ratio table. The sex ratio in various districts of H.K. region is shown in the following Table-5.4 District-Wise Sex ratio of H.K. Region Districts Sex ratio2001(per Sex ratio 2011(per1000 1000) provisional list) Bellary 969 978 Bidar 949 952 Gulbarga 958 962 Yadgir 982 984 Raichur 980 992 Koppal 983 983 H.K. Region 967 975 State 964 968 Source: GOK Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, The above table shows that sex ratio is not uniform among the districts of H.K. Region. Koppal is having highest sex ratio of 983 where as Bidar is having lowest sex ratio of 949 in the region as per the 2001 census and 2011 Raichur is having highest sex ratio of 992, which as Bidar is having lowest sex ratio of 952. The decadal growth of sex ratio of Karnataka over is the 964 year of 2001 and 2011of the year of sex ratio 968. 5.11 Literacy level The level of education in H.K. region is low. The literacy rate of both male and female population is very low when compared to the state average, according to 2011 census report literacy rate of Bellary 67.85, Bidar 71.01, Gulbarga 65.65, Yadgir 52.36, Raichur 60.46 and Koppal 67.28 in the table 5.5. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 139

Table-5.5 Level of literacy in the H.K. region (in percentage) Districts 2001 2011(provision list) Total literacy Male literacy Female literacy Total literacy Male literacy Female literacy Bellary 57.40 69.20 45.30 67.85 77.24 58.28 Bidar 60.94 72.46 48.81 71.01 79.94 61.66 Gulbarga 50.00 61.80 37.90 65.65 75.11 55.87 Yadgir 39.90 51.35 28.32 52.36 63.33 41.31 Raichur 48.80 61.50 35.90 60.46 71.35 49.56 Koppal 54.10 68.40 39.60 67.28 78.21 56.22 H.K. Region 51.85 61.13 37.43 60.13 70.17 45.31 State 66.60 76.10 56.90 75.60 82.85 68.13 Source: Govt. of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore From the table 5.5 it is clear that Bidar district have highest rate of literacy (60.94 per cent) among the district of Hyderabad Karnataka region. Raichur have lowest literacy rate of 48.80 per cent in the year of 2001. The male and female literacy rate is not uniform among the district of Hyderabad Karnataka region Bidar again leads with 72.50 per cent of male literacy and 48.80 per cent female literacy were as Raichur lags behind with 61.50 per cent of male literacy and 35.90 per cent of female literacy. 5.12 Agriculture Agriculture is the main economic activity of majority of people in H.K. region. The state of agriculture development in H.K. region could be understand by analysing various factors reflected to agriculture sector such as utilization of land, cropping pattern, development of irrigation and land holding pattern. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 140

5.13 Land utilization Out of total geographical area of 18845407 hectares the land put to different uses is shown in the following Table 5.6. Under the table, Net area sown 2891731 hectares of total are of H.K. region is put for agriculture purposes. The area used for Non- agricultural purposes is 218181 hectares. The area covered by the forest is241431 hectares in area. Barren land and other uncultivable land consists 20 per cent of total geographical area. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 141

Table-5.6 Land utilization pattern in Hyderabad Karnataka region (in Hectares) Particulars Bellary Bidar Gulbarga & Yadgir Raichur Koppal H.K. Region Forest 97017 27707 69089 18167 29451 241431 Non-agriculture 68657 22006 67952 20563 39003 218181 Barren land 53477 19127 63155 20084 16627 172470 Cultivable waste land 24839 19382 11802 10712 2568 69303 Permanent pasture 5472 13964 37610 198116 14675 269837 Trees & Grover 3606 10915 1852 13684 210 30267 Current fallow land 95234 46738 128700 169352 69420 509444 Other fallow land 28827 41140 9391 49785 0 129143 Net area sown 436067 340786 1220657 513680 380541 2891731 More than once area sown 133585 60339 213866 166215 127254 701259 Total cropped area 583616 463681 140149 664274 429124 2280844 Total Geographical area 813196 541765 16102108 835843 552495 18845407 Note: figure in parenthesis is shown in percentage. Source:Compiled from govt. of Karnataka, Karnataka at a glance (as per ASCR DES 2009-2010) Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 142

5.14 Cropping Pattern Cropping pattern of this region varies from district to district. Kharif and Rabi crops are the two seasons in which crops are grown. Summer cultivation is done only in small area which assured irrigation. Sl. no Table-5.7 Area under Different Crops in Hyderabad Karnataka Region Crops Area(in Hectares) % to total cropped area 01 Paddy 286837 9.83 2 Ragi 6552 0.22 3 Jawar 823322 28.22 4 Bajra 235677 8.08 5 Maize 50330 1.72 6 Wheat 47837 1.64 7 Other cereals and millets 41293 1.42 8 Gram 196320 6.73 9 Red gram 367889 12.61 10 Other pulses 15884 0.54 11 Ground nut 319006 10.93 12 Sugarcane 43100 1.48 13 Cotton 158531 5.43 14 Other 325156 11.14 Total cropped area 2917734 100.00 Source: Govt. of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Above table 5.7 shows that cereals are the major crops grown in the region the area cultivated under cereals is about 51.31 per cent of the total cropped area. Among the cereals Jawar is the main cereals grown is about 28.22 per cent of the total cropped area. Pulses are grown in about 19 per cent of the total cropped area. Among the cash crops ground (10.93 per cent) nut and cotton (5.43per cent) occupies the prominent place. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 143

Jawar is the main crop in the entire region. Kharif crops like paddy. Green gram, black gram, red grams are grown in this region. Rabi crops like sunflower wheat groundnut are grown. Sugarcane, cotton is the important cash crops grown in the command area Karanja, Krishna and Tungabhadra projects table-5.7. Shows are cropping pattern in H.K. region. 5.15 Land Holding Pattern The land holding pattern in Hyderabad Karnataka region is analyzed with the help of table 5.8. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 144

Table-5.8 Land Holding Pattern in H. K. Region Districts No. of Marginal land holding (below 1 hectare) No. of small land holding (1 to 2 hectare) No. of semi medium land holding (2 to 4 hectare) Medium land holding (4 to 10 hectare) Large land holding (More than10hectare s) Total land holdings Bellary 77985 (30.65) 71728 (28) 61129 (24.03) 36884 (14.50) 6629 (2.60) 254355 (100) Bidar 38236 (19.59) 79883 (40.93) 52399 (26.84) 20987 (10.75) 3659 (1.87) 195164 (100) Gulbarga &Yadgir Raichur 80106 (16.69) 93196 (21.88) 161396 (33.63) 137046 (32.18) 145129 (30.24) 121269 (28.47) 76668 (15.97) 63267 (14.85) 16538 (3.44) 11090 (2.60) Koppal - - - - - - H.K. region Total State 289523 (21.36) 262609513 (41.94) 450053 (33.20) 1706839 (27.43) 379926 (28.03) 1204185 (19.35) 197806 (14.59) 594232 (9.55) 37916 (2.79) 106029 (1.70) 479837 (100) 425868 (100) 1355224 (100) 6220798 (100) Source: Govt. of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a glance 2003-04. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 145

From the above table is clear that small and marginal land holdings dominates the agriculture scenario of H.K. Region small and marginal land holdings constitutes 54.56 of the total land holdings of the region. The percentage share of medium and large holdings is 11.25 per cent of the total and holdings. This shows that any agricultural improvement programme should take in to consideration the small and marginal farmers. 5.16 Irrigation development H.K. region is mainly dry area. Agricultural activities in this region are dependent on rain. Therefore, improvement of agriculture in this region depends on development of irrigation facilities. In the post independence period government has laid much stress on the development of irrigation in the country. H.K. Region is no exception to this. Number of small, medium and major irrigation projects has come up in the region. But still out of net area sown 2,951844 hectares only 19.57 per cent of land is irritated. The table-5.9 gives the idea about the source wise irrigation facilities in the H.K. region. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 146

Table-5.9 Districts- wise Irrigation Facilities in H.K. Region (Net Irrigation in Hectares) Districts Canals Tank Wells Bore wells Lift Irrigation Other Sources Total Bellary 98474 2699 11735 26853 10211 1824 151796 Bidar 114 1114 23407 11328 251 941 37155 Gulbarga and Yadgir 121011 7672 28883 4669 356 3222 165813 Raichur 102806 2741 15274 341 2343 2285 125790 Koppal 63411 1763 20262 6363 5014 555 97368 H.K.Region 385816 (66.75) 15989 (2.76) 99561 (17.22) 49554 (8.57) 18175 (3.14) 8827 (1.52) 577922 (100) Source: Govt. of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a glance 2005-06. Note: Figure in brackets indicates percentage to the total net irrigated area. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 147

From the above table it can be discerned that canals are the most important source of irrigation in the H.K. Region. The area irrigated by canals is 385816 (66.75 per cent) of net irrigated area, this is due to the implementation of major irrigation project like karanja, upper Krishna project and Tungabhadra projects in the region wells 99561 (17.22 per cent) and bore wells 49554 (8.57 per cent) are the next important sources of irrigate on. 5.17 Infrastructure Facilities Development of infrastructure facilities is considered important as it provides base for developmental activity and stimulates industrial activity by locating industrial undertaking (Management Development Insurance, 1997). Table gives a bird s eye view of infrastructural facilities in H.K. Region. The state total road length is 131815 kms and the road length per 100 sq kms is 68.73. The states post office is 9772 and the study area of 1890. The total numbers of primary health centers in the area are 343. The financial infrastructure in the area is also highly inadequate. The below able 5.10 clearly exhibits the position of infrastructure in the area the total road length of H.K. area is 20939 kms. The total railway route length is 422.08 kms. Gulbarga (Yadgir) district occupies major portion i.e.107 kms. Bidar district has railway route length of only 79kms, Bellary 130.08, that of Raichur 51 and Koppal together is 55 kms. It shows clearly that the nondevelopment of rail route though the area is spread vastly and requires this important means of transport. The development of area has been severely affected due to the lack of transport facilities. There are 1890 post offices in this area, telephone * is 150723 and it has served by 494 telephone exchanges Gulbarga is having highest telephone exchange i.e. 148, Bellary 116, Bidar 81, Yadgir 12, Raichur 72 and Koppal 63 and the area is having 43 primary veterinary hospitals. The explained are Districts wise under the table 5.10. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 148

Table-5.10 Infrastructure base in The H.K. Area (2010-11) Communication (in Numbers) District Total road length(k ms) Road length per 100Sq.Kms Length of Railway route (kms) No. of Primary Health Centre s No. of veterinar y Hospitals Post office Telephon e exchange Telephone * Bellary 4605 54.70 130.08 70 7 454 116 38032 Bidar 2877 52.81 79 50 5 305 81 22389 Gulbarga 7564 46.62 107 84 10 421 148 46499 Yadgir - - - 42 4 202 12 3028 Raichur 3222 57.96 51 52 12 290 72 23517 Koppal 2671 31.58 55 45 5 218 63 17258 H.K. region 20939 99.20 422.08 343 43 1890 492 150723 Total State 131815 68.73 3171.76 2193 397 9772 2885 235143 Source: Karnataka at a Glance 2008-09. DISE, 2010-11. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 149

5.18 Education Deportment in Hyderabad Karnataka Region The table-5.11 in states the number schools in the state and as well as various districts in H.K. region. The data s of DISE 2011-12. There are numbers of little primary school (LPS) are 25951, Higher Primary School (HPS) 33502 and High School (HS) 13862 in the Karnataka area out of which LPS 4407, HPS 6385 and 2405 High schools (HS) in the Hyderabad Karnataka area. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 150

Table-5.11 Number of School and Colleges in H.K. Region (Year2010-11) (In Nos.) Education Bellary Bidar Gulbarga Yadgir Raichur Koppal H.K. Region Total State No. of schools LPS 702 738 1027 559 877 504 4407 25951 HPS 1224 1205 1570 582 1058 746 6385 33504 No. of High School 444 460 668 192 374 267 2405 13862 No. of Colleges PUC 124 130 182 45 108 69 658 3786 Degree 20 19 32 5 13 14 103 657 Medical 4 5 8 -- 5 1 23 157 Polytechnic 14 6 17 4 10 6 57 287 Engineering 4 3 4 1 3 0 15 187 Total 2536 2566 3508 1388 2448 1607 14053 78391 Source: Karnataka at a Glance 2008-09. DISE, 2010-11. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 151

Above the table shows the number of different colleges exists in the state and various districts of education in the H.K. region. The total number of PU Colleges in the state are 3786, Degree College 657, Medical 157, Polytechnic 287 and Engineering 187. This has in the H.K. region total numbers of PU colleges are 658, Degree 103, Medical 23, Polytechnic 57 and Engineering 15. 5.19 Libraries in H.K. Region Under the table 5.12 shows the number of libraries in the Karnataka state and Hyderabad Karnataka region. The total numbers of District Library in the Karnataka state are 30, City Library 32, Urban Library 380, Rural Library 303 and Community Library for Children 48. In the H.K. region 6 district Library, City Library 5, Urban Library 38, Rural Library 47 and 6 Community Library for Children. In the H.K. region more imp size on rural areas, hence to be established more libraries in the rural areas. Sl. No. Table-5.12 Number of Libraries in H.K. Region (As on 31-03-2011) (in Nos) District Dist. Library City Library NO. of Library Libraries Branch Urban Rural Community Library for Children in Dist. 1 Bellary 1 2 14 9 2 2 Bidar 1 1 7 5 2 3 Gulbarga 1 1 16 10 0 4 Yadgir 1 0 0 5 1 5 Raichur 1 1 1 11 0 6 Koppal 1 0 0 7 1 H.K. region 6 5 38 47 6 Total State 30 32 380 303 48 Source: DISE, 2010-11. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 152

5.20 Rural development A. Lead bank The bank has been entrusted with lead responsibilities in Adilabad. Karimnagar Khammam, Nalgonds, Nizamabad, Rangareddy districts of Andhra Pradesh besides Hyderabad metropolitan and three districts in Karnataka. Viz. Raichur, Bellary and Koppal under the lead bank scheme of reserve bank of India. A detailed annual credit plan for each district is prepared and implemented with the help of other banks and financial institutions operating in the district and Government departments. Under the annual credit plan 2000-2001 the bank achieved 88 percent of its share in the total outlay against all financial institutions achievement of 84 percent. B. Community services banking: Alive to the needs of the society in which bank is functioning. The banks activities under community services banking includes financial assistance to charities / service organizations / physically handicapped, Conducting health camps, adult education, distribution of books / uniforms to poor students, organizing sports / quiz competitions, Tree plantations, Blood donation, etc. The bank had sponsored four athletes from Andhra Pradesh to the special summer Olympics for mentally retarded persons at north coralline USA. The sponsored athletes won 2 gold, 4 silver and 1 bronze medals. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 153

Districts No. of commerc ial banks Table-5.13 Banking Facilities No. of cooperative banks No. of P.L.D. banks No. of other cooperative banks No. of grameena banks(br) Bellary 76 5 9 16 67 Bidar 65 5 8 40 37 Gulbarga &Yadgir 105 6 10 18 75 Raichur 91 4 8 14 55 Koppal 55 3 6 12 32 Total 392 23 41 100 266 Source: Directorate of Economic and statistic, govt. of Karnataka, Bangalore Note: Figure in brackets indicates percentage to the total net irrigated area. The above table reveals that as many as 392 commercial banks operating throughout of Hyderabad Karnataka area. Gulbarga district is having highest number of branches of commercial banks i.e., 105, Followed by Raichur district 91 branches, Bidar district 65 branches, Bellary district 76 branches and Koppal district 55 branches. The number of urban co-operative banks operating in Hyderabad Karnataka area is 23 there are 6 urban co-operative banks in Gulbarga district followed by 5 in Bidar district, 4 in Raichur district, Bellary district 5 and 3 in Koppal district. There are 41 primary land development banks (P.L.D) operating throughout Hyderabad Karnataka area. Gulbarga district is having highest number of P.L.D banks i.e. 10, followed by Bidar and Raichur district each having 8 P.L.D. banks, Bellry district 9 P.L.D banks and Koppal district is having 6. P.L.D banks. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 154

The numbers of other co-operative banks operating in Hyderabad Karnataka area are 100. Bidar district is having more number of other co-operative banks i.e., 40, followed by 18 in Gulbarga district and Bellary district 16 banks, 14 in Raichur district and 12 in Koppal district. As many as 266 branches of Grameena banks operating in the study area, Gulbarga district is having highest number of branches of Grameena banks i.e., 75, followed by Raichur district 32 branches. The information regarding banking facilities is depicted in table. C. Ambedkar Rural housing Scheme The table-5.14 explains the number of houses constructed under Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Rural housing Scheme in the state and Hyderabad Karnataka area. In state 145720 houses was constructed under this scheme, 36397 houses was constructed in the H.K. area in the same scheme till above mentioned data and according to the RGRHC limited sources of data. Table-5.14 Number of houses constructed under Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Rural housing Scheme (up to 2010-11) (in Nos) Sl.No District SC ST Total 1 Bellary 4461 2469 6930 2 Bidar 4512 1620 6132 3 Gulbarga 6475 493 6968 4 Yadgir 3579 1036 4615 5 Raichur 4361 2071 6432 6 Koppal 4044 1276 5320 Total H.K. region 27432 8965 36397 Total State 109196 36529 145720 Source: Rajiv Gandhi Rural Housing Corporation Limited-2010-11 Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 155

D. Indira Awas Yojana The Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) is the core programme for providing free housing to families in rural area, SCs, STs, OBC and GM households and freed bonded labourers. The rural housing programme has certainly enabled many BPL families to acquire pucca houses; the coverage of the beneficiaries is limited, given the resource constraints. The providing loans at a concessional rate of interest to economically weaker sections and low- income group household for construction of houses. According to Rajiv Gandhi Rural Housing Corporation Limited 2010-11 of Indira Awas Yojana total of Karnataka and Hyderabad Karnataka are 501863 and 151892 houses. In the table-5.15 are explained about districts. Table-5.15 Number of houses constructed under Indira Awas Scheme (up to 31-3-2011) (in Nos) Sl.No District SC ST OBC GM Total 1 Bellary 12694 12377 3125 14618 42814 2 Bidar 5346 1889 858 4254 12347 3 Gulbarga 10345 736 1319 6451 18851 4 Yadgir 4604 1922 1043 3980 11549 5 Raichur 13616 11857 2469 16533 44475 6 Koppal 6908 5113 1754 8081 21856 H.K. region 53513 33894 10568 53917 151892 Total State 191640 84637 35514 192072 501863 Source: Rajiv Gandhi Rural Housing Corporation Limited-2010-11 Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 156

E. Houses Constructed under Asharaya Scheme Under the table-5-16 Number of Houses Constructed under Asharaya Scheme is detailed in Karnataka and Hyderabad Karnataka area. The asharaya Scheme for the H.K. region table-5.16 shows there is explained the districts. Table-5.16 Number of Houses Constructed under Asharaya Scheme (in Nos) Cumulative up to 31-03-2011 Sl.N o District SC ST OBC/GM Total 1 Bellary 20910 10016 33508 64434 2 Bidar 17003 4566 22731 44300 3 Gulbarga 23609 1858 31337 26804 4 Yadgir 13085 3662 18458 35205 5 Raichur 15563 9515 23233 48311 6 Koppal 14020 7302 27423 48745 H.K. region 104190 36919 156690 267799 Total State 436839 119381 781892 1338112 Source: Rajiv Gandhi Rural Housing Corporation Limited-2010-11. F. Self Employment Programmes a. Self help groups (SHGs) The concept of self help groups is being actively pursued to inculcate financial discipline among the weaker sections of the society. The number of such groups linked to the bank stood at. 11.708 As at the end of March 2001. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 157

b. SJSRY and SGSY Government of India has launched Swarna Jayanthi Grama Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) by restructuring several self-employment programmes like IRDP, DWCRA, TRYSEM, SITRA, Ganga Kalyana Yojana and Million Wells Scheme from 01-04-1999. SGSY and SJSRY is programme covering aspects of selfemployment like organization of the poor into self-help groups, Provision of Infrastructure and Marketing facilities. SGSY and SJSRY are funded by the Centre and State in the ratio of 75:25. The main emphasis is on cluster approach. Quality is the hallmark of SGSY and SJSRY. SGSY will help to promote multiple credits rather than a one-time credit injection. Under the table are detailed districts in Hyderabad Karnataka region. The beneficiaries Self employment, Wage Employment, SGSY total and Women Groups explain under SGSY and SJSRY programme are given in Table. The Government is also providing benefits through various progammes which are given in Table 5.17. Table-5.17 Number of S.J.R.Y and S.G.S.Y (Year: 2010-11) (in Nos.) S.J.R.Y S.G.S.Y District Self employment Wage Women Total training) (man days) Groups Bellary 1599 26956 8329 4038 Bidar 478 10508 2722 2671 Gulbarga 985 24052 3491 3380 Yadgir 332 3268 1935 1935 Raichur 918 9848 3896 3783 Koppal 548 12044 4091 3978 H.K.Region 4860 86676 24464 19785 State 19886 315990 104527 88385 Source: Rajiv Gandhi Rural Housing Corporation Limited-2010-1.DISE 2010-11. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 158

c. AAY, APL and BPL Card Holder in H.K. Region: One of the important porgrammes in Karnataka is to alleviate poverty thereby giving subsidized food grains under public distribution at the poor fixed rate throughout the year. The availability of the food grains to the reasonable rates to the poor is the responsibility of the Government. The identification of beneficiary families and allotment of food grains to them is the responsibility of the State Government while the public distribution system is the responsibility of both Central and State Governments. The State Government gives food grain total allotment 17419952 families which includes Anthyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and below poverty line (BPL) families and remaining food grains are purchased by the State from the Central pool in the above poverty line (APL) rates and distributes it in the BPL rates to ration card holders who have been identified by the State Government above the Central Government figures. The number of Hyderabad Karnataka card holder both BPL and APL are presented under the Table. So far card holder families have been identified and are getting 29 kg of rice at Rs 3/- per kg. and 6 kg of wheat at Rs 2/- per kg. The remaining families will be identified from BPL families. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 159

Table-5.18 Report On District Wise Accepted, Under Verification, Cancelled RC Count in H.K. Region (up to 25-09-2012) BPL BPL District APL without APL with Total Total AAY without with Name LPG LPG APL BPL LPG LPG TOTAL Bellary 62532 190506 43390 233896 382978 6108 389086 685514 Bidar 45113 184605 11604 196209 292689 853 293542 534864 Gulbarga 71894 174898 76443 251341 419856 11639 431495 754730 Yadgir 32147 79237 7197 86434 178087 7738 185825 304406 Raichur 60209 138976 35633 174609 292334 8552 300886 535704 Koppal 42014 89061 13010 102071 228334 955 229289 373374 H.K. region 313909 857283 187277 1044560 1794278 35845 183012 3 3188592 State 1190175 4242833 2080969 6323802 9510363 395612 990597 5 17419952 Source: Karnataka, Food and Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs-2012(www.ahaara.kar.nic.in) Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 160

5.21 Industrial development As par as industrial development is concerned H.K. Region is too backward at present there are only 876 industrial units in the region which includes large and medium scale industries. There are about 3509 small scale industrial units in the region. Though, H.K. Region is endowed with rich mineral resources viz., iron ore, lie stone, copper etc., they have not been fully exploited. Only few large scale cement units have come in the Gulbarga districts. Otherwise rest of the region is industrially backward table-5.19 shows that industrial scenario of H.K. region. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 161

Table-5.19 District wise industrial units and employees in H.K. Region (as on 31-03-2011) (in nos) No. of factories and employees % to the total Employees Districts Textile Chemical Engineering Sugar others Total workers Bellary 45 5 21 03 161 235 (19.15) (2.13) (8.94) (1.27) (68.51) (100) 19667 2.78 Bidar 03 20 06 01 65 95 (3.16) (21.05) (16.31) (1.05) (68.42) (100) 5201 1.11 Gulbarga and 01 04 19 03 89 116 Yadgir (0.86) (3.44) (16.37) (2.58) (76.72) (100) 1562 2.19 Raichur 88 11 08 129 236 -- (32.29) (4.66) (3.39) (54.66) (100) 9148 1.65 Koppal 31 5 03 01 140 180 (17.22) (2.77) (1.67) (0.55) (77.77) (100) 6012 1.44 H.K. Region 168 45 57 08 584 864 (19.44) (5.20) (6.59) (0.92) (67.59) (100) 62758 1.97 State 287 560 3717 57 7487 13012 1322873 2.17 Source: Govt. of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a glance 2008-09. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 162

Table-5.20 Year Wise Trend of Units Registered in Hyderabad Karnataka Region YEAR No. of Regist ered Units Bellary Bidar Koppal Employ ment Investme nt (lakh Rs.) No. of Registered Units Employ ment Investme nt (lakh Rs.) No. of Registered Units Employment Investment (lakh Rs.) 2007-08 748 6420 14892 60 616 245.43 242 1653 2360.31 2008-09 877 4323 7140 50 426 436.7 329 1839 1774.1 2009-10 953 5090 7019 73 628 1001.18 374 2311 5724.1 2010-11 852 4713 5465.8 111 743 952.60 248 1355 1785.83 2011-12 1041 4356 9103.6 121 1010 1864.10 465 2391 6232.9 Raichur Gulbarga Yadgir YEAR No. of Investme No. of Investme No. of Regist Employ Employ Investment nt (lakh Registered nt (lakh Registered Employment ered ment ment (lakh Rs.) Rs.) Units Rs.) Units Units 2007-08 318 1187 1552.695 628 2527 3140.70 254 866 461.00 2008-09 297 1203 1401.27 579 2172 2267.08 262 516 1109.50 2009-10 325 1243 2982.25 366 1998 4165.40 293 765 1592.61 2010-11 327 1273 2469.47 149 1323 744.08 87 364 415.67 2011-12 310 1700 3734.02 273 1997 2687.08 290 1019 662.82 Source: Govt. of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a glance 2008-09. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 163

Table-5.21 Details of Existing Micro and Small Enterprises and Units in the Hyderabad Karnataka Region Bellary Bidar Koppal Type of Industry Number of units Investment (lakh rs.) Employ ment Number of units Investment (lakh rs.) Employ ment Number of units Investment (lakh rs.) Employ ment Agro based 199 150.00 963 26 -- 254 46 997.03 184 Soda water 0 00 0 - - - - - - Cotton textile 165 200.00 878 36-136 9 1.6 50 Woollen, silk & artificial Thread based clothes. 0 00 0 44-176 9 1.36 45 Jute & jute based 0 00 0 - - - - - - Ready-made garments & embroidery 82 250.00 576 8-43 21 3.1 66 Wood/wooden based furniture 22 85.00 69 9-40 56 126.75 126 Paper & Paper products 21 55.00 82 9-47 - - - Leather based 2 20.00 19 1-5 12 1.15 24 Chemical/Chemical based 14 100.00 139 32-284 6 38.68 36 Rubber, Plastic & petro based 9 60.00 154 15-47 10 16.4 60 Mineral based 4 85.00 28 - - - 42 2849.26 462 Metal based (Steel Fab.) 0 00 0 - - - 5 218.6 35 Engineering units 71 150.00 373 25-174 6 62.5 20 Electrical machinery and transport equipment 33 150.00 105 15-90 15 15 30 Repairing & servicing 123 100.00 442 81-434 18 28.4 24 Others 107 200.00 885 240-1432 210 1873.08 1229 Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 164

Table-5.21 Details of Existing Micro and Small Enterprises and Units in the Hyderabad Karnataka Region (Continue...) Raichur Gulbarga Yadgir Type of Industry Number of units Investment (lakh rs.) Employm ent Number of units Investment (lakh rs.) Employ ment Number of units Investment (lakh rs.) Employme nt Agro based 1050-4,873 31-108 06 91.07 47 Soda water - - - - - - - - - Cotton textile 1626-6,029 13-77 - - - Woollen, silk & artificial - - - - - - - - - Thread based clothes. Jute & jute based - - - - - - - - - Ready-made garments & - - - 11-71 03 2.01 22 embroidery Wood/wooden based 1015-4,202 31-63 01 16.84 08 furniture Paper & Paper products 330-1,399 06-26 - - - Leather based 258-860 04-08 - - - Chemical/Chemical based 33-224 04-21 - - - Rubber, Plastic & petro based 33-154 03-18 02 142.50 140 Mineral based - - - - - - - - - Metal based (Steel Fab.) - - - 09-40 01 4.51 10 Engineering units 416-1835 01 03 01 5.0 04 Electrical machinery and 265-1,081 - - - 01 1 06 transport equipment Repairing & servicing 1660-6,934 289-771 04 4 24 Others 1578-7,121 16-82 01 5 06 Source: Govt. of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a glance 2008-09. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 165

References: Government of Karnataka (2001), Gazetteer Deportment, A Hand Book of Karnataka, Pp.1. Census of India, 1991, District census Handbook, Bidar, Gulbarga, Bellary, Raichur and Koppal, Part XA, series 14, Mysore, Government of Karnataka. Census of India 2011, Govt. of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a glance 2001. Census of India 2011, provisional population total, Govt. of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a glance 2011. Nanjannavar, S.S., (1999), Karnataka Geography, Diksuchi prakashana, Bangalore, Pp.25. Government of Karnataka (2001), Gazetteer Deportment, A Hand Book of Karnataka, Pp.25. Govt. of Karnataka (2000-01), Computed from Karnataka at a Glance, Directorate of Economic and statistic, Bangalore Pp.15. Govt. of Karnataka (2003-04), computed from Karnataka at a Glance, Directorate of Economic and statistic, Bangalore. Rudradatta and K.P.M. Sundaram, (2000), Indian Economy, S. Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi, P.85. Brijbhasi (2001), The world atlas Book, published by Brijbhasi Book Shals and printer Mathura, Pp.44. Government of Karnataka (2005), Gazetteer Deportment, a Hand Book of Karnataka, Pp.49. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 166

Nanjundappa D.M., (2002), High Power Committee for Redressal of Regional Imbalances, Government of Karnataka, Pp.81, 135 and 136. Karnataka, Food and Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs2012(www.ahaara.kar.nic.in) Rajiv Gandhi Rural Housing Corporation Limited-2010-11.DISE, 2010-11. Computed from Karnataka at a Glance, Directorate of Economic and statistic, govt. of Karnataka, Bangalore 2004-05, C.R. Ramesh: Sectoral Paper on Development of Roads in Karnataka; and Karnataka at a Glance (GoK) 2005. Karnataka at a Glance 2008-09. DISE, 2010-11. Govt. of India, Ministry of Rural Development, Department of Rural Development website Nanjundappa committee Report (2010), High power Committee on Regional Disparities, by Govt. of Karnataka 10 th Plan Document, Planning Commission, Government of India Raj Kapila & Uma Kapila (2001) Decade of Economic Reforms, Academy Foundation, New-Delhi, p125 Rudra Dutta & Sundaram K P M (2005) Indian Economy S. Chand Publication, New-Delhi, p876. Operational Guidelines 3 rd edition (2008) The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (NREGA), Ministry of Rural Development & Department of Rural Development, New-Delhi UNDP 2003. Human Development Report: 2003. United Nations Development Programme, Oxford University Press, New York. Department of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Page 167