MANAGING INSECT PESTS IN BERRIES AND FRUITS Small Farm School 8 September 2012 Bruce Nelson, CCC Horticulture Department
RASPBERRIES TO START
ORANGE TORTRIX ON RASPBERRY
Raspberry Crown Borer
RASPBERRY CROWN BORER ADULT LOOKS LIKE A YELLOW JACKET WASP
RASPBERRY ARMYWORMS AND CUTWORMS Chewing mouthparts Number of prolegs, crochets
RASPBERRY - VOLES
VOLE PATHS
RASPBERRY SPOTTED WING DROSOPHILA
The New Scare on Berries and other fruit
Size perspective for eggs on cherry of spotted wing drosophila
BLUEBERRIES AZALEA BARK SCALE BIRDS BLACK VINE WEEVIL CHERRY FRUITWORM SPOTTED WING DROSOPHILA DEER
Oregon Soon will be the #1 Grower of Blueberries in the USA
Azalea bark scale on blueberry Eggs Example of parasitization
Black vine weevil on blueberries Larvae feed on roots Adults feed on foliage Multiple species of root weevil that could be potentially a pest
Black vine weevil eggs and larva
BLUEBERRY BIRD FEEDING DAMAGE Multiple birds feed on ripe fruit Can cause extensive loss one year and none the next
BIRD EXCLUSION NETTING IS ONE SOLUTION
DEER NEED FENCES TO KEEP THEM OUT Too low to do any good High enough to exclude deer
CHERRY FRUITWORM ON BLUEBERRIES Larva Adult
STRAWBERRIES
Insect Pests include aphids, root weevils, lygus bugs and mites. Aphids can be problematic as they vector various viral diseases. Root weevil species can significantly affect the root vigor. Lygus bugs may affect fruit cell development. STRAWBERRY APHID SHOWN TO RIGHT.
GRAPES TABLE AND WINE
Grape mealybug Multiple generations Protective body covering as ages makes certain pesticides ineffective. May vector diseases.
THRIPS ON GRAPES
APPLES
CODLING MOTH ON APPLES Egg near hatching Mature larva
More on Codling Moth Control approaches include mating disruption, foliar sprays that could be virus applications, contact insecticides and more But monitoring for timing is very important!
Monitoring via pheromone traps
FRUIT FLY COMPARISONS VIA WING PATTERN
APPLE MAGGOT MONITORING After overwintering in the soil underneath the tree, adults emerge and fly for a short time before mating. Mated females then deposit eggs into developing fruit where larval maggots remain until they drop from the fruit into the soil. LIFE CYCLE MAKES THESE DIFFICULT TO CONTROL HENCE TIMING IS ESSENTIAL IF USING ANY SORT OF CHEMICAL CONTROL. MONITORING VIA TRAPS IS KEY.
APPLE MAGGOT LARVA AND ADULT
PEARS
Pear Psylla
Pear Psylla Sampling via a beating tray Adults overwinter. Multiple generations/yearly. Piercing-sucking mouthparts Monitor via beating tray and leaf observation. Many predators possible unless use broad spectrum insecticides.
Beating Tray in Action
SWEET AND SOUR CHERRIES Weather during fruit ripening critical as must be dry during final ripening or fruit readily and quickly rots. Have selected problems of major concern: tree height, birds, maggots, and rain in June/July.
WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY
ADULTS
WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY ON STICKY TRAP
PLUMS AND PRUNES
PLUMS AND PRUNES Plum leaf curl aphid
PLUMS AND PRUNES Plum mealy plum aphid
PEACHES SUCH A TREAT WHEN RIPE
Lygus BUG DAMAGE TO PEACHES Catfacing damage Lygus bug feeding
SAN JOSE SCALE ON PEACHES On stems On fruit
PEACH TWIG BORER
PEACH TWIG BORER ADULT MOTH
MANAGEMENT KEYS Correctly identify pest so can learn about life cycle and control options; Monitoring? Thresholds? Biological/cultural management feasible/practical? Other controls physical, chemical, educational
RESOURCES TO USE Other growers of fruit; Extension agents; Pest control handbooks available on web; Focus on local resources as pests described for other parts of country and world may not exist or be problematic here; See examples of resources.