EQ: Who was Mohandas Gandhi and what role did he play in India s independence movement?

EQ: Who was Mohandas Gandhi and what role did he play in India s independence movement?

* Identify Mohandas Gandhi. * Describe Gandhi s role in leading India s independence movement.

* As we discuss the life and legacy of Mohandas Gandhi, you will need to complete the Gandhi History Frame graphic organizer on page 119 of your Interactive Notebook. * You will need to write down any information that has been highlighted, bolded, and underlined in blue!

1869-1948 Was a lawyer ~ lived in South Africa & experienced apartheid. Was Hindu, but admired many different religions. Lived a simple life. Followers called him Mahatma ~ Great Soul

1. ALL Indians should be treated equally & with justice. 2. India should have complete independence from Great Britain. 3. ALL Indians should live together peacefully in one country.

In the margin of your Gandhi History Frame, identify which of Gandhi s main goals is most important to you and explain why. Be prepared to share your opinion!

Indians began to protest & were arrested under the Rowlatt Act. Gave British authorities power to send Indians to jail for up to 2 years without a trial. 1919: British opened fire on group of Indians in town of Amritsar for meeting illegally. Over 400 killed, 1200 wounded.

Massacre made Indians around the country furious! Almost overnight, they were united in the call for complete independence!

Gandhi urged Indians to resist British control in many ways: Boycotts: Stop buying British goods & refuse to pay taxes that didn t benefit the Indian people. No paying taxes on SALT! Speaking of salt.

India in 1930

No one in India is allowed to make or sell salt except the British colonial government. That means only the English government is allowed to earn a profit from selling salt. It also means that the British can charge as much as it wants for salt. If you are caught making or selling salt, you will be prosecuted as a criminal. This law was forced on India in 1835 by England, and now, in the year 1930, the law still exists! The punishment for breaking the Salt Tax Law is 6 months imprisonment, and, of course, your salt is taken away by the British government.

1930: The Salt March Gandhi led 200-mile march to the sea where people made their own salt by evaporating sea water. Protest British Salt Tax Law & urge independence. Laws made it a crime to possess salt not bought from the government. Began at his home in Sabarmati (central India) and ended on the southern coast of Dandi, where he made salt on the beach.

Beginning of the end of the British Empire. Making NO $ from Salt Tax Law. People around the world began to call for India s independence from British rule.

Gandhi s campaign of civil disobedience wore the British down. At the end of WWII, the British formally gave up colonial claims!

Caused conflict among Indians on how the country was to be ruled! Hindu v. Muslim?

1947: Conflict between Hindus and Muslims over how to rule India. In order to avoid a civil war, Great Britain helped partition (divide) the country.

Division of India into 3 countries 1. East Pakistan ~ Muslim (Bangladesh) 2. India ~ Hindu 3. West Pakistan ~ Muslim (Pakistan)

1948: On the way to New Delhi for a prayer meeting, Gandhi was assassinated. He was shot three times by a Hindu extremist who was upset that Gandhi had helped bring ALL religious groups in India together to share power in the new government. Gandhi was 78 years old.

Gandhi s beliefs & actions inspired civil rights movements around the world. Icon of world peace. His birthday, October 2 nd, is celebrated around the world as the International Day of Non-Violence.

Can you think of any other great leaders in modern history that have followed Gandhi s strategy of non-violence?

M.C. YOGI

Label page 120 of your INB with the title of this task and today s Essential Question.

EQ: Who was Mohandas Gandhi and what role did he play in India s independence movement?

Your Task: On page 120 of your Interactive Notebook, write an epitaph (summary statement honoring someone who has died) for Mohandas Gandhi.

The next slide is AN EXAMPLE of an epitaph! It is not for you to copy or use! * Your epitaph should be about Gandhi. * DO NOT create an epitaph for Abraham Lincoln please.