Control of Botrytis cinereain strawberries with Gliocladiumcatenulatumvectored by bumblebees IOBC VIII Workshop on Integrated Soft Fruit Production 8 th Meeting in Vigalzano, PergineValsugana, Trento 26-28 May 2014 Research Centre Hoogstraten Meerle, Belgium Tom Van Delm
Introduction Grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in strawberry Control: Covered crops ~ Substrate ~ Fungicides ~ Aim of research: ~ Reduces residues: non-chemical alternatives
Botrytistrial 2011 Can bumblebees contribute to biological control of Botrytis cinerea in strawberry? François-Xavier Boulanger(Biobest) Tom Van Delm (Reseach coordinator strawberry, Proefcentrum Hoogstraten ) Katrijn Stoffels (Strawberry researcher, Proefcentrum Hoogstraten ) Peter Melis(Strawberry researcher, Proefcentrum Hoogstraten ) Yann Jacques (Researcher, Biobest) Felix Wackers(R&D manager, Biobest)
Botrytistrial 2011 Inoculation and natural disease pressure Chemical control: scheme with different products Frupica (mepanipyrim) Captan (captan) Teldor (fenhexamid) Signum (boscalid + pyraclostrobin) 3 different BCA s in dispensers: ~ BCA 1: gooduptakebythe bumblebees ~ BCA 2: becamecompact => reduceduptake ~ BCA 3: becamesticky=> nouptake
Botrytistrial 2011 Conclusions 2011: ~ Possibilities with Flying Doctor system in strawberry ~ At low to moderate pressure: similar control ~ At high pressure: Chemical control was better => Integrated system: spray application(biological or chemical) with Flying Doctors
Aim: ~ Control of Botrytis: Efficacy of Gliocladiumcatenulatumvectored by bumblebees ~ Value of additional sprayings: Chemical treatments Biological treatments Trial setup ~ Plastic greenhouse autumn ~ Natural infection ~ 3 inoculations (labeled) Object nr Object Bumblebee hive Product in dispenser Registratieof yieldgrading 1 Untreated control Dispenser No 2 Gliocladiumcatenulatum: spraying (3x Prestop) Dispenser No Fenhexamidspraying 3 (1x Teldor) Dispenser No 4 FD Verdera B4 Dispenser Verdera B4 Yes 5 Prestop 1x + FD Verdera B4 Dispenser Verdera B4 No 6 Teldor 1x + FD Verdera B4 Dispenser Verdera B4 No 7 Chemische Controle Dispenser Yes
1 2 7 7 4 5 6 4 7 7 3 1 2 3 7 6 4 5 6 3 1 7 7 2 3 7 5 6 4 5 1 2 1 2 buiten 3 Plant date Plant type 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 kap 1 kap 2 kap 3Compartment 1kap 4 Compartment 2 Compartment 3 Section36 Section 35 betonpad (PS 2) (PS 1) betonpad Section 35 - PS 1 Section 36 - PS 2 10072013 Trayplanten 86- Control of Botrytis cinerea in strawberry by Flying Doctors System Variety Elsanta 1 Untreated control 4 FD Verdera B4 = no inoculation = Flying doctors hive Plant density 12 pllm = 9,6 plm² 2 Prestop spraying (3x) 5 Prestop 1x + FD Verdera B4 = Inoculation B. cinerea (without VerderaB4) 21 22 23 24 25 3 Teldor spraying (1x) 6 Teldor 1x + FD Verdera B4 = Flying doctors hive 7 Chemical control = Mesh to divide greenhouse in two seperate filled with VerderaB4 26 27 28 compartments 29 30 31 kap 1 kap 2 kap 3 kap 4 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Section 37 (PS 3)
Crop protection and Flying Doctors : ~ Fungicides, insecticides, acaricides: Compatibility with G. catenulatum Avoid products that need to lock the bumblebees
Harvest: August, 12 October, 9 2013 ~ Shelf-life tests: Inoculated fruits harvested each picking date 5 sampling dates for fruits under natural disease pressure 4,00 3,50 Groot Klein Misvormd Rot kgm² 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00 42% 56% Flying Doctors with Verdera B4 38% 60% Flying Doctors (empty dispenser)
Inoculatedfruits: Botrytisinfectionpost harvest The occurrence of Botrytis cinerea (%) on strawberry fruit after 14 days in cold storage for inoculated fruits Object Inoculation 317 Inoculation 708 Inoculation 1308 All data Inoculation on 317-78- 138 14d post harvest Control 65,6 ab 68,9 ab 54,9 ns 63,1 a Prestop 3x 100,0 73,8 a 75,4 ab 48,8 ns 66,0 a Teldor 90,0 47,6 ab 76,9 a 65,4 ns 63,3 a FD 80,0 38,4 b 57,1 b 51,0 ns 48,9 ab FD + Prestop 1x 70,0 45,2 ab 57,3 b 57,8 ns 53,4 ab FD + Teldor 1X 60,0 33,7 b 64,9 ab 39,0 ns 45,9 b Chem control 50,0 44,0 ab 69,0 ab 54,2 ns 55,7 ab Significance p<0.05 according 40,0 to Duncan 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 % Botrytis post harvest Control Prestop 3x Teldor FD FD + Prestop 1x FD + Teldor 1X Chem control
Natural disease pressure: Botrytis infection post harvest The occurrence of Botrytis cinerea (%) on strawberry fruit after 14 days in cold storage under natural disease pressure Object 210813 260813 20913 50913 160913 All data Control 58,0 a 54,0 a 62,0 ns 40,0 ns 58,7 ab 53,5 a Prestop 3x 50,0 ab 47,0 ab 76,0 ns 35,0 ns 54,0 ab 52,0 ab Teldor 44,0 ab 54,0 a 64,0 ns 29,0 ns 56,0 ab 47,8 ab FD 37,0 ab 27,0 b 53,0 ns 28,0 ns 45,0 ab 36,3 b FD + Prestop 1x 41,0 ab 32,0 ab 55,0 ns 38,0 ns 49,0 ab 41,5 ab FD + Teldor 1X 27,0 b 36,0 ab 55,0 ns 38,7 ns 66,0 a 39,2 ab Chem control 35,0 ab 26,0 b 66,0 ns 34,0 ns 38,0 b 40,3 b Significance p<0.05 according to Duncan
Conclusions ~ FlyingDoctors system withverderab 4 : no negative effect on pollination ~ Efficacy? Finding: Generally: FD-objects and chemical control < untreated Not always statistic significant reduction: * Relatively low disease pressure(53% Botrytis 14days PH) * Inoculation partly successful(53 -> 63%) Statistical differences: All assessedfruitstogether(inoculated+naturaldiseasepressure): more fruits per object ~ FlyingDoctors + VerderaB 4 : Reductionof Botrytis, comparablewithchemicalcontrolat low disease pressure In this trial: no additional value of spraying applications ~ What at high disease pressure? Development of a good and reliable strategy for growers
Thankyou. Tom Van Delm Proefcentrum Hoogstraten Voort 71, B-2328 Meerle Belgium Tel: +32 (0) 3 315 70 52 tom.vandelm@proefcentrum.be www.proefcentrum.be