ACP and HLB: The California Situation Victoria Hornbaker California Department of Food and Agriculture
Dangerous Pest Threatens California Citrus California's $2.5 billion citrus industry is at risk. Citrus Pest and Disease Prevention Program and the California Department of Food and Agriculture are have partnered with the California citrus industry in a collaborative effort to help save our state s citrus.
California Citrus Pest and Disease Prevention Committee 17 member California Citrus Pest and Disease Prevention Committee. Develop a statewide citrus specific pest and disease work plan that includes, but is not limited to, the following: Outreach and education programs for residents, local communities, groups, on the prevention of citrus pests and diseases. Programs for surveying, detecting, analyzing, and treating pests and diseases specific to citrus. Advise the Secretary on implementation of the work plan, including: Annual assessment rate and annual budget. Adoption of regulations consistent with the powers and duties of the committee.
Cooperative Program Federal Unites States Department of Agriculture (USDA) State California Department of Food & Agriculture (CDFA) California Department of Pesticide Regulation (Cal EPA - CDPR) Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (Cal EPA OEHHA) Local County Agricultural Commissioners Industry Citrus Pest and Disease Prevention Program California Citrus Research Board Growers Residents Across Southern and Central California
California Citrus Layer
ACP detected in Tijuana in June 2008 CDFA increased trapping/ visual surveys 2008- San Diego and Imperial 2009- Los Angeles, Orange and Ventura 2010- Riverside and San Bernardino 2012- Santa Barbara and Tulare 2013- Kern and Fresno 2014- San Luis Obispo, Santa Clara, Madera and San Joaquin 2015- San Benito, Stanislaus and San Mateo 2016 - Kings
Detection Trapping Visual Survey Delimitation Trapping Treatment Quarantine Outreach CDFA Activities
Trapping Detection Trapping Trap Density: Five to 16 traps/square mile. Trap Servicing Interval: Every two to four weeks. Delimitation Trapping Trap Density: 100 traps per square mile in a 1.5 mile radius, to form a nine square mile delimitation area. Trap Servicing Interval: Traps will be serviced weekly for two months. After that serviced monthly for two years past the identification date.
Commercial Grove Trapping COLLECTION SITES 7,708 ACP COLLECTIONS 10,372 (Some sites have been collected more than once) ADULTS COLLECTED 66,100 NYMPHS COLLECTED 15,568 SITES NEGATIVE FOR HLB 9,444 (Or undetermined) RESULTS NOT IN 928
Urban Treatments ACP detection sites and adjacent properties treated with homeowner consent Foliar treatment with cyfluthrin (Tempo SC Ultra) Soil drench with imidacloprid (Merit 2F)
Types of Treatment Voluntary Area-wide Treatment CDFA treats residential properties 400 meters around commercial properties Only if 75% of commercial citrus is treated Two applications per year Voluntary Treatments in Response to ACP 100-400 meters around detection site Mandatory Treatments in Response to HLB 800 meters around detection site
Southern California Update US/Mexico Border Maintain 2 mile trapping buffer and 400 meter treatments. Generally infested areas. Implement Area-wide treatments where feasible and grower participation levels are high. No treatment in areas where Area-wide protocol is not feasible, focus on HLB survey and biocontrol. In response to HLB detections all properties within 800 meters will be treated.
Areawide Treatments Growers in the following counties are participating in voluntary areawide treatments. San Diego Imperial Riverside San Bernardino Ventura Santa Barbara
Central Valley Northern California Update In any area where ACP has not been previously detected or where ACP has been detected at low densities. For single ACP detections not within 1.5 miles of commercial citrus, all properties within 100 meters will be surveyed and treated. If the find is within 1.5 miles of commercial citrus, or if multiple ACP are detected within six months of each other, the survey and treatment area will be 400 meters. In response to HLB detections all properties within 800 meters will be treated. Begin identifying areawide management areas.
Responsive Treatments The CDFA is currently responding to finds in the following counties. Kern Tulare Madera San Luis Obispo Santa Clara Fresno Kings San Benito
CDFA Biocontrol Mass Production 238,000 Tamarixia reared in 2013 1,124,091 reared in 2014 and 931,522 released 1,668,699 Tamarixia and 125,123 Diaphorencyrtus released in 2015 340,952 Tamarixia and 80,959 Diaphorencyrtus released so far this year
Biological Control Agent Releases April, 2016
Biological Control Activities - May 2016 Cal Poly Insectary Construction Underway! Cal Poly Glasshouse On loan renovations underway
HLB Core Area Trapping and Treatment San Gabriel Treatment: (Tempo Only) January 11 - January 29, 2016 Trap Counts: February 177 ACP trapped in the core area March over 4,200 ACP trapped in the core area Hacienda Heights Treatment: (Tempo only) January 19 - February 10, 2016 Trap Counts: February 258 ACP trapped in the core area March over 12,500 ACP trapped in the core area
HLB SURVEY All of round 2 risk-based surveys are 100% complete Program is prepping the next round of risk-based survey Program is revisiting all sites that had inconclusive PCR results for ACP and/or Plant samples. Continue to proactively sample ACP for the bacteria. Program continues survey in the HLB quarantine area and intensive survey in the core 800 meter area around each HLB detection.
HACIENDA HEIGHTS 2016 HLB CLUSTER SURVEY HACIENDA HEIGHTS Cycle1 (Jan-Feb) Cycle2 (Mar-Apr) Cycle3 (May- June) Cycle4 (July-Aug) Cycle5 (Sept-Oct) Cycle6 (Nov-Dec) Required Sites to Visit Per Cycle 673 648 637 724 655 659 Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4 Cycle 5 Cycle 6 Survey Dates 1/12/15-2/22/16 PENDING 11/9/15-12/29/15 Number of Sites Visited 508 603 Plant Samples Collected 232 311 ACP Samples Collected 429 540 Sites Negative for ACP/ Plant Samples 39 36
Hacienda Heights HLB Find 2012 One positive tree found on a residential property in Hacienda Heights (LA County) The positive tree had over 19 illegal pomelo and lemon grafts Homeowner voluntarily allowed for the removal of the diseased tree Area has been continually monitored for over 3 years without a subsequent find
San Gabriel HLB Finds 2015 San Gabriel HLB Detections The initial tree (kumquat) was found as a result of the CDFA Risk-Based Huanglongbing (HLB) Survey. Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) were collected from the find site that tested in the inconclusive range, so the lead diagnostician at the lab requested a resample of the property. Plant tissue from the tree was collected during the resample and the plant tissue collected during the follow-up sample tested PCR positive. Nine additional trees were confirmed from the same area. All positive trees were removed.
Kumquat Tree
Mandarin Tree Mexican Lime Mandarin Tree
Mandarin Tree Calamondin Tree
Mandarin Tree Mandarin Tree
Mandarin Tree Orange Tree
Mandarin Tree Orange Tree
La Puente Clas Positive ACP 2016 In January 2016 the CDFA began resampling the areas around the Hacienda Heights and San Gabriel HLB finds. On 1/6/16 the CDFA lab detected Clas from an ACP sample (9 adults) from the La Puente area of Los Angeles County. This find initiated an 800 meter survey of all host plants and any ACP collected. Properties Surveyed: 1837 Plant Samples: 1072 ACP Samples: 1030 No Host: 642
San Gabriel HLB Finds 2016 On 2/1/16 the CDFA Lab confirmed 2 trees (kumquat and orange) within a block of the July 2015 HLB cluster. Additional survey was triggered to include all host plants within 800 meters of the find sites. On 2/11/16 a third tree was confirmed positive (kumquat). Survey and treatment areas expanded due to this find. All have been removed.
San Gabriel HLB Finds 2016 In early March four trees from three properties were confirmed HLB positive. One property with a lemon tree. One property with a orange and a lemon trees. One property with a kumquat tree. One property with an orange tree All have been removed.
San Gabriel HLB Finds 2016 Two trees were confirmed HLB positive in April One on April 8 th an orange/kumquat hybrid. One on April 18 th was a lemon that expanded out the survey and treatment area to the south. Both were removed. May 16 th a grapefruit tree was confirmed positive. Tree removal is scheduled for Saturday quarantine area remains the same.
Site 1, San Gabriel Kumquat Site 2, San Gabriel Orange Site 3, San Gabriel Kumquat Site 4, San Gabriel Lemon
Site 5, San Gabriel Kumquat Site 5, San Gabriel Lemon Site 6, San Gabriel Kumquat Site 8, San Gabriel Trifoliate Kumquat
LA County HLB Samples 2015-2016 Total ACP samples collected from SG, including expansion areas 12,000. Total plant samples collected from SG, including expansion areas - 18,000 Confirmed positive ACP samples - 4 San Gabriel and 1 from La Puente Confirmed positive plant samples - 21 trees from 18 properties
Year PLANT ACP Total 2008-09 2209 1923 4132 2010 9111 3527 12638 2011 14233 8845 23078 2012 14644 32843 47487 2013 14402 31442 45844 2014 13640 29308 42948 2015 26897 80105 107002 2016 16919 21741 38660 Total 112055 209734 321789 Cumulative sample total Figure 3. Number of samples submitted for HLB testing per year from 2008 to 2016. Cumulative ACP and plant sample total for nine years is 321,789 in which 35% of the total are plant and 65% are ACP.
Figure 2. 2016 total plant and ACP samples submitted by county.
Outreach and Education
Current Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP) Regulations Overview Single ACP detection triggers a quarantine of minimum 5 mile radius. Request for full county quarantine must come from County Agricultural Commissioner. Citrus commodities are prohibited movement from an ACP quarantine area except under permit. Free movement allowed to the packinghouse if within the same quarantine area. Citrus commodity shipments must be free of stems and leaves or moved under spray and move option to packinghouse outside of an ACP quarantine area.
Wasco Quarantine Establishment of Quarantines
Additional Items
Neglected/Abandoned Orchards The program supports the removal of neglected/abandoned groves. San Bernardino County Agricultural Commissioner continues to have good response to letters they sent to the owners of apparently abandoned groves. The removals continue. The Madera County abandoned grove where the latest ACP was found was treated. Reportedly, the grove will be removed within the next 18 months. Stevie McNeil and Sylvie will continue to monitor this situation. San Diego County is selecting vendors to remove abandoned groves should that be necessary, if the owners fail to act after the due process is exhausted. When they are in place, they intend to move quickly to notify the owners.