John C. Bruhn Dairy Foods Processing Specialist Dairy Research and Information Center Food Science & Technology University of California Davis, CA 95616-8598 530-752-2192 : Fax 530-752-4759 jcbruhn@ucdavis.edu
California s Experience in Raw Milk Marketing-A A Processing Specialists Perspective
2004 Dairy Production Statistics 36.4 billion lbs. produced (est. 37.6 billion lbs. in 2005) 99.7 Million lbs/day 1,737,789 milking cows 825 cows/dairy farm 21,139 lbs. produced/cow
Farm Cash Receipts $5.3 billion
National Leader Market Milk 21% of U.S. Supply MILK Butter 29% of U.S. Supply YOG URT Nonfat Dry Milk 46% of U.S. Supply and growing...
The Numbers 1,974 Grade A dairy producers/farms 127 manufacturing grade dairy farms 74 IMS-listed dairy plants 3 local non-ims fluid processors 21 IMS-listed single-service facilities 2,252 licensed sampler/haulers 1,221 industry samplers 965 bulk milk tanker trucks 424 manufacturing grade processors 5 re-packers 8,098 soft serve ice cream facilities
Can you take what I can make? Can processing keep pace with production? You ve got 3 years!
Inhibitors to Production Growth Environmental Issues Humans not in my backyard Expanding population Water quality and quantity Costs of production Regulations EPA and state
Pasteurization," "pasteurized," and similar terms mean the process of heating every particle of milk or milk product in properly designed and operated equipment to one of t he temperatures given in the following table and holding the milk or milk product continuously at or above that temperature for at least the corresponding specified time: Temperature Time 145 F 63 C 30 minutes 161 F 72 C 15 seconds 191 F 8 C 1 second 194 F 90 C 0.5 second 201 F 94 C 0.1 second 204 F 96 C 0.05 sec 212 F 100 C 0.01 sec
RAW MILK SURVEY DAIRY DIVISION of NASDA FEBRUARY 20, 2005
Departments of Agriculture - 28 AZ, CA, CT, FL, GA, ID, IA, KS, ME, MA, MI, MN, NE, State Dairy Programs NM, NY, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, SD, TN, UT, VT, VA, WA, WI, WY Departments of Health - 19 AL, AK, AR, CO, DE, HI, IL, KY, LA, MD, MS, NH, NJ, NC, PR, RI, SC, TX, WV Other - 4 Membership and Responses IN, Dept. of Animal Health; MO, State Milk Board; MT, Department of Livestock, NV, State Dairy Commission
Survey Questions 1) Do you permit sale of bottled or packaged raw milk and/or raw cream at farm where produced? 2) Does your State permit sale of bottled or packaged raw milk and/or raw cream at farm markets or other retail outlets? 3) Does your State allow consumers to participate in a Cow Share program? 4) Has there ever been a confirmed foodborne outbreak that was traceable to the consumption of raw milk or raw cream?
Sales at Farm Ten states permit the sale of raw milk only at farm Eight (*) recorded foodborne outbreaks traceable to raw milk consumption *KS OK *MA *SD *MN TX *MO *UT *NE *VT
Cow Sharing Cooperative Cows In states where dairy regulations forbid the sale of raw milk to the ultimate consumer at retail or directly from producers on the farm, consumers are entering into cow share agreements with producers. In a cow share agreement, consumers pay the producer a fee for boarding, caring for and milking the cow(s). The cow share owner then obtains (but does not pay for) milk from the producer. In some states, no inspection by usual agency.
Cooperative Cows Shareholders of cows feel they are supporting small and micro-scale neighborhood dairies and family farms Because the milk is not being sold (it is being acquired by consumers who have become producers of their own dairy foods), some state governments, like Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, Indiana and others, do not require shareholder dairies to engage in licensing programs
RESULTS Twelve states permit sale of raw milk at farm, at retail and through cow share agreements Seven (*) have recorded foodborne outbreaks traceable to raw milk consumption *AZ NH *CA *NM *CT *NY DE *PA ID SC ME *WA
Cow-share Agreements Five states permit cow-share agreements as only legal means to obtain raw milk Four (*) have recorded foodborne outbreaks traceable to raw milk consumption AK *CO *IL *IN VA *WA
From Your Cow to You Kelsey Kozack pours fresh milk through a stainless steel strainer and funnel.
Raw Milk Sales Prohibited Twelve states do not permit the sale of raw milk for human consumption by any means All have recorded foodborne outbreaks traceable to raw milk consumption GA NC IA ND KY OH MI OR MT WI NV WY
Outbreaks from Raw Milk Summary Thirty-one states had foodborne outbreaks traceable to raw milk consumption AZ, CA, CO, CT, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA, MI, MN, MO, MT, NE, NV, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OR, PA, SD, UT, VT, WA, WI, WY
Alta Dena (Certified) Dairy
Alta Dena Certified Dairy Founded 1945 Family Owned Stueve Family Certified raw milks & milk products and pasteurized products since 1953 In 1958, Alta Dena dairy pioneer in emerging Natural Food Industry 3 dairy herds (ca 5,000 milking animals each), with two herds providing raw milk Exceptionally high quality of production and processing Produced under the supervision of Los Angeles County Certified Medical Commission disbanded in 2000
Alta Dena Certified Dairy Extremely high political profile in California Bought by Suiza and then Dean Foods (1999) who ceased all raw milk product production Still market raw manufactured products, e.g. cheeses, butter, cottage cheese Press reports assign to Alta-Dena, where between 100,000 and 200,000 residents are said to drink certified raw milk or feed it to their children daily. We remember top volume of about 60,000 gallons/day
Claravale Farms San Jose 50 milking cows Extremely loyal customers It's fresh It's high quality, Jersey milk It's natural It's unprocessed It's unadulterated It's nutritious It's marketed direct It's clean It's ethically produced It tastes great
Claravale Prices 2002 Milk - $1.50/qt $1 - bottle deposit $5 - bottle crate
Organic Pastures - Fresno 3 rd generation Fresno dairyman Mark McAfee McAfee's as happy as his cows: When you don t screw with Mother Nature, things stay simple. His face is bright and honest like a Corn Belt football coach, yet his mind is intergalactic
Organic Pastures Dairy Company California's first raw milk dairy with certified pasture land Founded in 2000 as an extension of an organic farm, McAfee Farms began in Fresno in the 1950's Have a range of innovated products for human and pet use Dairy produces Grade A raw milk using an mobile milking parlor, which moves to where 400 cows are grazing
Take the Milking Units to Cows Mobile milking : The McAfee herd rotates through pasture but never leaves it, not even for twice-daily milking. Instead, the McAfee Pasture Parlor goes to them.
Prices? Average dairyman gets $9-11/cwt Average organic dairyman $15-20/cwt Organic Pastures gets $55-60/cwt $1.50/qt (up to $2.50/qt for 20% they deliver themselves) compared to conventional $1.03/gallon when whole milk leaves the farm
Raw Pricing Organic Farms Whole Milk - $8.00/gallon Whole Milk - $5.00 1/2/gallon Whole Milk - $1.50/pt Skim Milk - $7.00/gallon Skim Milk - $3.50 1/2/gallon Cream - $68.00/gallon Cream - $34.00 1/2/gallon Cream - $8.50/pt Whey - $5.00/gallon
Pricing - Raw Colostrum Products Dietary Supplement (Non-dairy products registered with the State of California) Raw Colostrum - $64.00/gallon Raw Colostrum - $32.00/ 1/2 gallon Raw Colostrum - $8.00/ pint Superleche Raw Colostrum - $12.00/gallon Superleche Raw Colostrum - $7.00/ ½ gallon Chocoleche Raw Colostrum with chocolate $14.00/gallon Chocoleche Raw Colostrum with chocolate $8.00 1/2 gallon
Kephir Product Kephir Plain and Flavored Pints - plain flavored $3.25/pt $4.00/pt Quarts plain $6.00/qt berry flavor $7.50/qt
Pet Food Federal law prohibits sale of raw milk for human consumption in interstate commerce About half the states either ban or limit the sale of raw milk for human consumption in intrastate commerce Similar restrictions do not exist for the sale of raw milk for pet consumption
Pet Food There is no federal ban on interstate sale of raw pet milk Three states (Michigan, New Mexico and Ohio) ban Intrastate sale of raw pet milk through either written law or departmental policy Five states (Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Texas and Washington) require that there be dye in pet milk Farmers selling raw pet milk run into less government interference at present time than those selling raw milk for human consumption
Organic Pastures OPDC and others In compliance with FDA regulations and CFR 1240.61, OPDC does not take orders or ship any raw dairy products for "human consumption" outside of the State of California. All out-of-state product sales are labeled and intended for "pet food" consumption only
Required Warning Label* WARNING: RAW MILK OR FOODS PREPARED FROM RAW MILK MAY BE CONTAMINATED WITH DANGEROUS BACTERIA CAPABLE OF CAUSING SEVERE ILLNESS. CONTACT YOUR LOCAL HEALTH AGENCY FOR ADVICE OR TO REPORT A SUSPECTED ILLNESS *California Court Order, NOT state regulation
WHY?
Some Statements and Claims It's fresh. Our milk is often sold day it comes out of the cow and is never more than a few days old. Other milk can be up to a month old before it reaches the supermarket shelf It's real milk. Because it is not processed or adulterated. This milk is the last real, honest milk you can buy
Some Statements and Claims It s natural, unprocessed, unadulterated, nutritious, ethically produced and clean, it also tastes great. It's real milk! How many of us are willing to drink cooked puss from diseased cows and cooked cow dung? Even if milk is clean, how many of us, if we understood, would drink milk destroyed of the majority of its nutrients, and toxic with pasteurized contaminants that promote disease? Would you go to a car dealer expecting that the wrecked car will perform as well as the new and not give you problems?
Players in Getting Raw Milk Sales Legalized http://www.realmilk.com/ http://www.westonaprice.org/splash_2.htm
U S FDA Acted Slowly in Raw Milk and Dairy Foods Issues Public Citizen's health research group (HRG) petitioned agency in April 1984 to ban raw milk and, together with the American Public Health Association (APHA), filed suit in September 1984 to force response. After public hearings in October 1984, FDA Commissioner Frank Young, suggested ban in memo to HHS Secretary Heckler. She rejected this idea and ordered Young to deny HRG's petition
U S FDA Acted Slowly in Raw Milk and Dairy Foods Issues HRG and APHA then sued again with the American Academy of Pediatrics filing a supporting brief Noting that FDA had spent 13 years studying raw milk issue, Judge Johnson concluded: "It is undisputed that all types of raw milk are unsafe for human consumption and pose a significant health risk. The appropriate remedy in this case is, therefore, an order compelling the agency to promote a regulation prohibiting interstate sale."
On The Safety of Raw Milk (with a word about pasteurization) Presented to 2005 NCIMS Cindy Leonard FDA/CFSAN Division of Dairy and Egg Safety
FINALLY The raw milk industry has lost its suits in the scientific and medical courts, so it has now carried its case to the political and legal arenas, where it is a formidable opponent in what amounts to a court of last resort. In these forums, the industry and its advocates cannot be lightly dismissed, especially in the current climate of heightened concern for personal liberties, freedom of choice, and frequent rejection of science.
FINALLY Food safety workers and other concerned industry people cannot rest on the accumulated scientific evidence alone since in the words of a food safety sage, public policies are established by the public, not by scientists. It is the responsibility of all health professionals to see that the public and the policymakers are adequately informed about the scientific findings so that the policy on raw milk may be compatible with scientific knowledge and protective of the public s health
Want to provide consumers with a wide variety of safe options
Thank you!