Spin off of the University of Trieste (Italy) Coffee DNA and all that. Giorgio Graziosi 1
2 CONSUM CONSUMER ER FARMER FARMER
PRODUCER Reduce stature Resistance to pathogen gens Resistance to hostile environment 3
CONSUMER good bad caffeine caffeine Quality y of the beverage Low caffeine 4
Goals ot the Genetic Research 1. Identification of good agronomic traits Resistance to pests and diseases Flowering synchronization, Productivity and more 2. Identification of quality characteristics and more Cell wall thickness, solubility, bean uniformity 5
GENES AND ENVIRONMENT Coffee quality is the result of the interaction Genes / Environment Environment: soil, rain, post harvesting, etc We cannot have a good coffee if we do not start from good genes and good plants 6
Coffee Species identification Arabica versus Robusta 7
Coffee genetic composition Robusta C. canephora 22 chromosomes 1.7 Gbp Arabica C. arabica 44 chromosomes 3.2 Gpb C. eugenioides 22 chromosomes 1.7 Gbp 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 255 bp 230 bp Agarose electrophoresis of a PCR fragment of the EST 18. Columns 1, 2, 3: C. arabica. Column 4: C. eugenioides. Column 5: C. canephora. Column 6: ladder. 9
Checking the level of the blend Arabica/Robusta 1. Small molecules analysis (until now) 2. DNA analysis (from now on) The problem of Catimor and Sarcimor 10
Coffea arabica Variety identification 11
Genetic base ant quality (taste) Granny Smith Golden Delicious 12
Enviroment effect Normal Granny Smith Suffered Granny Smith 13
Rules governing varieties are the same for apple and for coffee. 1 Arabica caracolite 2 Arabica normale 3 Robusta normale 4 Arabica normale 5 Liberica normale WE CANNOT HAVE A GOOD COFFE IF WE NOT START FROM A GOOD PLANT WITH GOOD GENES 14
The Geisha Story 15
Panama 2004 The Hacienda La Esmeralda at Boquete,, tasted their coffee according the different fields Daniel Peterson finds that the coffee coming from Jaramillo was very good, much better than the other fields. The Jaramillo coffee was only one botanical variety: Geisha. 16
Commercia history of Esmeralda Especial 2004 - $21US per lb 2005 - $20US per lb 2006 - $50US per lb 2007 - $130US per lb 2008 229 bags for about $ 400,000) The marketing of coffee by the variety offers advantages to the producer as well as to the traders and roasters (market diversification) 17
The sailing bean! 18
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Spin-off of the University of Trieste Established 2011 Main field of activity : DNA analysis Coffee DNA 21
Two patents: 1)Arabica/Robusta blends (%) 2) Arabica varieties identification 22
1. Correspondence sample/bulk shipment 2. Checking the level of the blend Arabica/Robusta 3. Origin Certification (data bank) 4. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO/nonGMO) 23
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Thank you for your attention 25