Madhya Pradesh State Biodiversity Board, Bhopal

Madhya Pradesh State Biodiversity Board, Bhopal Final Technical Report i. Name & Address of PI: Prof. Ashok K. Jain Hon. Director Institute Of Ethnobiology Jiwaji University, Gwalior (M.P.) Tel. no. : 0751-4016771 (O); 2343197 (R) E-mail : asokjain2003@yahoo.co.in ii. Title of the project : Plant Diversity of Chambal Region with Special Reference to the Conservation Strategy of Threatened Taxa. iii. Date of Sanction : Letter no. 516/ BD Board, dated of the project 12/5/2005 iv. Actual date of : 1 st June 2005 starting of project v. Name of Project Fellow: Mohan G. Vairale 1

1. State of the art: Madhya Pradesh, the state occupying the maximum land, harbour a rich flora and fauna. A large number of plants, which are important medicinally or otherwise, occur in this state. These plants are used for medicinal and other material culture several threatened, endangered and endemic species have been reported from the bioreserved of Madhya Pradesh. But many species are still vanishing due to improper management and requires immediate attention (Jain 1996). In the areas lime Pachmarhi, Amarkantak, Jhabua, Kanha, Abusmarh etc. the management of biodiversity in required in such a way so that there could be sustainable use of threatened resources. The socio-economic aspects of local people also get uplifted after the eco-development. Several species of plants in this state of Madhya Pradesh have potential for better economic exploitation. Ethnobiology has been used as an organizing focus to assess human adoptive responses and human impact on biodiversity. Alcorn (1984) emphasized that once a species gets known as resources in any cultural groups it becomes an integrate part of that society. The impact of this knowledge on expansion, distribution, threats, to that species and in cases of even its extinction, plays a great role. Northern part of Madhya Pradesh comprises of Chambal region, which includes Gwalior and Chambal divisions. Region encompasses eight districts namely Gwalior, Bhind, Morena, Sheopur, Shivpuri, Datia, Guna, and Ashok nagar. Vegetation of Chambal is interesting due to various regions. Districts of Bhind and Morena shows ravines and xerophytic vegetation, while forest of Shivpuri, Sheopur and Chanderi are of lush green forest, whereas teak forest of Guna shelter a variety of vegetation. Vegetation of Chambal region encompasses mainly two types of forests viz. Tropical dry deciduous forest and Tropical ravine thorn forest. Tropical dry deciduous forest dominantly shows trees such as Anogessius latifolia, Anogessius pendula, Boswellia serrata, Acacia sps., Zizyphus sps., Lannea coromandelica, Tectona grandis etc. While Tropical ravine thorn forest shows Acacia sps, Zizyphus sps., Prosopis cineraria, Mimosa sps., Flacourtia indica, Commiphora wightii etc. There are 3 distinct seasons winter, summer and rains. The mean daily maximum temperature varies from 18 0 C during January to 44 0 C during May and Mean daily minimum temperature varies from 5 0 C during January to 28 0 C in May. The average mean rainfall of the region is around 600 mm. 2

2. Objectives: Survey of phytodiversity of the eco-region covering Chambal district including Gwalior, Bhind, Morena, Datia, Sheopur, Shivpuri, Ashok nagar and Guna districts. Identify RET and endemic species and their current status in the eco-region. Assess threats to the survival of RET species in the eco- region. Survey of focal species (8-10 prioritized on the basis of significant economic value and Socio-Religious value) and ascertain their status. Suggest list of representative and RET and endemic species to be planted in identified areas for Botanical garden. 3. Outcomes: Status reports on phytodiversity of the eco-region. Status report on rare and endangered endemic species of the eco-region and the threats to their survival. Inventory Book of the most endangered species endemic to the eco-region Status report on focal species of eco-region. List of species for planting in Botanical garden and layout for such species in the area selected for Botanical garden. 3

4. North Madhya Pradesh - A Profile: (Study Area) The North Madhya Pradesh comprises eight districts namely Gwalior, Bhind, Morena, Shivpuri, Guna, Datia, Sheopur and Ashoknagar. The description of selected districts with reference to climate, topography and boundaries are given below. 4.1 Gwalior District: The district is named after its headquarters town Gwalior. The district is situated in the northern part of the state and lies between latitudes 25 0 34 N and 26 0 21 N and longitudes 77 0 40 E and 78 0 54 E. One peculiar feature of the district is that it is not a compact one. Of the three tehsils of the district, Bhander tehsil lies separated by some enclaves of Datia district. The other two tehsils viz., Pichhore and Gird however, form a compact area. The Gird and Pichhore tehsils are bounded by Bhind district in the northeast, Datia in the east, Shivpuri in the southwest and Morena in the north and northwest. The other part of the district, i.e., the Bhander tehsil is surrounded by Bhind district in the north, in the west by Datia district and in the south and east by Jhansi district of Uttar Pradesh. The district covers an area of 5214 sq. kms. Which is a little more than 1.17 percent of the total area of the state. The district headquarters is located at Gwalior. The district lies at junction of the Malwa Plateau in the southwest and the gangetic plain in the north and east. The district except for an outcrop of Vindhyan Sandstone near Gwalior, which brings the Malwa Plateau to an end. The highest hill feature being 1454 in Sirkoli forest. Topographically it falls into four main divisions, the plateau division in the west, northeastern plains. 4.2 Bhind District: Bhind district, in Chambal division, is situated in the northern corner of the state and lies between latitude 25 0 25 and 26 0 48 N and longitude 78 0 12 and 79 0 05 E. Morena and Gwalior districts in southwest, Datia district in south, Jalaun, Etawah and Agra districts of Uttar Pradesh in the east bound the district, north and northwest respectively. Total area of the district is 4459 sq. kms. The district headquarters is located at Bhind. The district is situated on the northern the following three natural regions viz., (1) Chambal-Asan Ravines, (2) Bhind plain and (3) Sind-Pahuj Ravines. This district of Madhya Pradesh is geographically known for its Ravines, Fertile land and dense Forests. Bhind was one among the 16 districts of United State of Madhya Bharat, which was constituted on 4

28th May 1948. Subsequently, as a result of reorganization of States in November 1956, district Bhind became part of new Madhya Pradesh. Formerly there were 4 Tehsils viz; Bhind, Mehgoan, Gohad and Lahar but at present there are 7 Tehsils viz; Bhind, Ater, Mehgaon, Gohad, Mihona, Lahar and Raun. As per the history, the District is named after the Bhindi Rishi (Sage Bhindi). The soil of Bhind is very fertile and is well drained by the Chambal and Sind rivers and the tributary streams of the Kunwari and Puhuj. It is well known fact that the region has been subjected to depredations of dacoits, robbers or thugs since ages. The majestic Chambal surrounded yawning chasms and gaping beehads (ravines) provide an ideal setting to this murky banditry in a big way. Even during Mughal times the powerful administration failed to curb these menace. As many as 216 dacoits were shot dead and 697 arrested in Bhind district alone from 1959 to 1963. Five rivers which flow around the district mainly Pahuj, Sindh, Kunwari, Chambal and Yamuna meet together in an area of 2 kms named as "PACHNADA" the place just neighboring to the district are actually located in U.P. but this is a rare phenomenon where five rivers confluence at one juncture. 4.3 Morena District: Morena, also known, as Muraina is a town situated in the northwest corner of the state. The name Morena is derived from the word Mor means peacock that was found in abundance. It is the headquarters of the division of Chambal. Morena is situated in the Chambal valley northwest corner of the state and lies between latutude 25 0 15 and 26 0 62 North and longotude 76 0 22 and 78 0 42 East. Total area of the district is 11594 sq. kms. The district has two distinct features viz., (i) area covered with plains criss-crossed by rivers and ravines. (ii) The other covered with forest. The district headquarters is located at Morena. The district is bounded by Agra district of Uttar Pradesh in the north; Bhind district in northwest; Gwalior and Shivpuri district in southeast. The northern boundary of the district is carved out by river Chambal and the northwest boundary by river Parvati. In shape it looks like a gourd. It is one of the most populous districts in the Chambal valley. The Chambal, which originates in the Indore district, forms the northwestern boundary of Madhya Pradesh with Rajasthan. The important rivers like Chambal, Kunwari, Asan and Sank drain the district. Flowing through the length of 435 kms, the river Chambal is one of the country's most beautiful and least polluted river systems. Wheat is the most important food grain grown in the district. Mustard is the most important oil seed grown in the district. Major kharif crop is Bazra. On the whole Morena district with rich agricultural tract, is in the stage of development. The topography is also gradually changing with the reclamation of ravines for agricultural purpose, through the Chambal Ayacut Development Project. 5

The dubious diction of Morena being region of dacoits, since dacoits have been part of the life in the district, is gradually fading. It is hoped that with the pace of agricultural and Irrigation are taking place Morena will be one of the highly prolific, developed & prosperous district of the State in due course of time. 4.4 Shivpuri District: Total area of the district is 10,278 sq. kms. The district headquarters is located at Shivpuri. Morena, Gwalior and Datia districts, on the east by the Jhansi district of Uttar Pradesh, on the west by Kota district of Rajasthan and on the south by Guna district bound Shivpuri district on the north. It lies between 24 0 6-25 0 6 North latitude and 77 0 0-78 0 4 East longitude. The district can be divided into 3 main divisions based on their geology. The Bundelkhand trap: It comprises mostly pre-dharwarian granites, which consists of sparsely cultivated uplands and shallow valley. It covers eastern half of the district with an area of 1539 sq. miles (3985.99 sq. kms.) approximately. The Upper Vindhyas: Sandstones of Kaimur, Rewa and Bhander are commonly found in this region. The dips are very shallow and this suggests that there has been a very little disturbance since Vindhyan period. This region occupies the Western half of the district. The Deccan trap: It mainly constitutes undulating plains and flat-topped ranges of the hills. It covers an area of 426 sq. miles (1102.34 sq. kms.) towards the southern parts of the district viz. towards Bhadarwas and Barokra. Laterite and aluminums are also found in the region and cover an area of 374.80 sq. miles (968.66 sq. kms.). 4.5 Datia District: Datia district is situated in the northern part of the state and lies between the latitude 25 0 28 North and 26 0 20 North and longitude 78 0 10 East and 78 0 45 East. The district lies into a main body of the land mostly on the Sind-Pahuj Doab and five enclaves surrounded by the Shivpuri district and the surrounded Jhansi district of Uttar Pradesh. Bhind and Gwalior districts in the north bound the district. Shivpuri and Jhansi districts in the south, again Gwalior and Shivpuri in the west and Bhander tehsil of Gwalior in the east. Total area of the district is 2038 sq. kms. The district headquarters is located at Datia. 6

4.6 Sheopur Kalan District: Sheopur is located at northern part of Madhya Pradesh. The important rivers like Chambal, Seep and Kuno drain the district. The Chambal, which originates in the Indore district, forms the northwestern boundary of Madhaya Pradesh with Rajstahan. Total area of the district is 6,66,081 sq. kms. The forest area is 2,82,818 sq. kms. Which is 43.7% of total area of the district. The district headquarters is located at Sheopur. The art of woodcarving has flourished in district Sheopur and the beautifully embellished wooden ceilings, doors and lintels with finely carved designs are silent testimonials of its glory. The wood carvers of Sheopur, with great sensitivity and skill transform different varieties of wood. The crafts persons of Sheopur make pipes, masks, toys, doors, stands, windows, and wooden memorials, flower vases, bedposts and cradle posts etc. 4.7 Guna District: Guna, an administrative district of Madhya Pradesh is the gateway of Malwa and Chambal located at Northeastern part of Malwa plateau. It lies between the latitude 23 0 53 North and 26 0 6 North and longitude 76 0 48 East and 78 0 16 East. The total area of the district is 6307.70 sq. kms. The Western boundary of the district well defined by the river Parbati. The river Parbati flows along the western boundary touching Rajgarh of Madhya Pradesh and Jhalawarh and Kota of Rajasthan. Shivpuri and Kota are located in the North whereas Vidisha, Bhopal and Rajgarh lie to the South. On 15 th August 2003 the district Guna was divided into two district one being Guna itself and the other as Ashoknagar district. 7

4.8 Ashoknagar District: Ashoknagar is located on the northern eastern part of Malwa platue between rivers Parbati and the Betwa. Mathematically the district is situated between the latitude 24 0 34 and longitude 77 0 43 E. The eastern and western boundaries of the district are well defined by the rivers. The Betwa flows along the eastern boundary separating from Sagar district and Lalitpur and Jhansi district of Uttar Pradesh. The Parbati is the main river flowing along the western boundary. Chanderi is famous for its exquisite and delicate muslin industry is a part of the district. Ashoknagar district is divided into four tehsils and has population of 68,89,920 spread over area of 4673.94 sq. kms. Map showing various Eco-region of Madhya Pradesh 8

5. Methodology of survey/study: - Several field trips were organized in various localities of Chambal eco-region during different periods of a year so as to study all kinds of vegetation appear in different seasons. These tours were arranged in a phase manner to cover different localities. The information on plants was collected. The plant material collected from the field was brought to the laboratory for preparation of herbarium, which has been deposited in Institute of Ethnobotany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior. Information on various aspects viz. local names, medicinal and other uses of plants was gathered from tribals and local inhabitants. Factors responsible for threatened status of species were also studied. For this purpose help of elderly persons of the region was sought to find out the status of species in the past and changes took place since then were asked from local people. Threat factors operating upon the vegetation were observed personally. Propagation of rare and threatened plants was made by seed germination/rhizome and stem cuttings in the medicinal plant garden of Jiwaji University, Gwalior. PROFORMA FOR FIELD WORK 1. Place 2. Serial No. 3. Informer Name.. * Age * Sex 4. Recorded by 5. Date 6. Remarks 9

7. Popualtion. 8. Location * Name of place, Village, District, State. * Physical feature. * Facilities of camping. 9. Environment.. 10. Area under forest 11. Plants Usage: - 11.1. Timber: - 11.2. Tools: - * Tools in agriculture.. * Utensils for cooking and eating * Furniture etc. 11.3. Food: - * Cereals. * Pulses.. * Vegetables. * Oils 10

* Fruits * Condiments.. 11.4. Fodders. 11.5. Plants used in medicine: - 11.6. Dyes and Tannins: - 11.7. Fuel and Light: - 11.8. Perfumes. Oils: - 11.9. Resins, Gums: - 11.10. Insecticides: - 11.11. Beverages: - 11.12. Fibers: - (Ref. S. K. Jain, Proceedings of the Training Course & Workshop on Ethnobotany, held at Lucknow, 10-15 March 1986.) 11

6. Achievements (Report on milestones/targets identified and achieved) Milestones / Targets identified Survey of phytodiversity of eco-region of districts of chambal region. Identify RET and endemic species and their current status in the eco-region. Milestones / Targets achieved Phytodiversity of various sites of Chambal eco-region surveyed. 35 RET taxa have been identified. Survey of local species (8-10 prioritized) on the basis of significant economic and Socio-Religious value. Suggest list of representative and RET and endemic species to be planted for Botanical garden 16 species of social and economic values have been identified. A list of 224 plant species planted in Botanical garden is given. 7. Selected localities of different districts:- 1) Ashok nagar: - 1. Budhi Chanderi: Dense dry deciduous forest. 20-25 Km. from Chanderi town on Lalitpur raod, interior from the main road comes under Chanderi forest range. 2) Guna: - 2. Singhpur Chalda: Dense dry deciduous forest. 3Km. away from Chanderi on Mungaoli road. 3. Singhpur Mahal and surrounding forest area: Dry deciduous forest. 4 Km. away from Chanderi town on Lalitpur road, having archaeological museum. 4. Kati Ghati and Khandar Giri Temple: Scattered and eroded vegetation. 1 Km. away from Chanderi town on Ramnagar road, in the vicinity of Chanderi fort. 1. Garha: Dense forets ( about 12 Km. from Guna town on Fatehgarh road.) 2. Hirapur: Thick forest (2-4 Km. from Guna city on Bajranggarh road) 12

3. Umari: Disturbed forest (10-12 Km. from Guna city, there is Patai bit 2-3 Km. away from Umari village) 4. Bajranggarh: Disturbed forest (4 Km. from Guna city, scanty Vegetation can be seen at and around the fort.) 5. Hamirpur: Dense forest ( under Fatehgarh forest range), situated on the border of Rajasthan.) 6. Dhimalpura: Dense forest (under the Fatehgarh forest range, remote localities have good forest.) 7. Bamori: (forest range approx. 30 Km. away from Guna.) 8. Kedarnath: Dense forest, situated about 20-30 Km. from Umari. It contains a sacred grove around the temple of of Lord shiva. 9. Gader: Dense forest (Situated on the Agra-Bombay highway approx. 6-7 Km. from Guna city.) 3) Gwalior: - 1. Gwalior fort: Dense vegetation on slopes towards north west side A good number of cultivated plant species are also present. 2. Phool bagh: A beautiful garden with a good number of ornamental and other species 3. Italian Garden: Approximately 75 years old garden with several ornamental species. It is situated behind Motimahal building near Phoolbagh garden. 4. Gupteshwar: It lies at outskirt of Gwalior city near Agra- Bombay national highway near Gol Pahadiya. It comprises a hillock with sparse vegetation. It is also called as Gol Pahadiya. A sacred grove lies around the temple of Lord Shiva. 5. Audhpur: Scattered vegetation with predominance of Acacias (It is a site for proposed biodiversity park, lies near Jhansi road, Gwalior.) 6. Tapovan: This locality lies under forest department and comprises both cultivated & wild species. The vegetation mostly consists of Acacias. A nursery of forest department is also maintained here. It is situated near Gwalior- Jhansi road. 13

7. Sharda Balgram Aashram: Sparse vegetation (Lies on a hillock ) situated on the out skirts of Gwalior.) 8. Barahi: Disturbed forest (Situated on Agra- Bombay highway nearly 10-12 Km. from Gwalior, also have scrubland and stone mines.) 9. Dabra: Chandpur: It is a disturbed forest locality. It is about 4 Km. away from Dabra town on Datia road. It lies near the bank of river Sindh. 10. Cancer Pahadi: Predominance of Acacias and scrubs situated on outskirts of Gwalior. 11. Pawta Barai: Thick forest (Approx.3 Km. away from Barahi range with dense forest.) 4) Morena: - 5) Sheopur: - 6) Shivpuri: - 1. Piparal: Ravines (Situated on Agra- Bombay highway, approx.12 Km. from Morena town near Rajasthan border). 2. Jabrol: Ravines with eroded land comprises xerophytic vegetation, situated about 20-25 Km. from Sabalgarh tehsil) 3. Bamsoli: Mostly comprises cultivated land, lies nearly 10 Kms. from Sabalgarh. The region also comprises eroded ravines) 1. Kuno wildlife sanctuary: Dense forest with a large number of species (It is wild life sanctuary in Sheopur district with rich flora and fauna). 2. Karahal: Dense forest (Nearly 30 Km. from Sheopur on Pohari- Gwalior road with dense forest) 1. Van Vidyalaya: Cultivated & ornamental vegetation, situated in Shivpuri, training school of forest department.) 2. Bhadaiya Kund: Possesses good vegetation (Lies on out skirts of Madhav National Park and Shivpuri.) 3. Madhav National Park: Dense forest 14

4. Pagara: - Geographical position: Latitude 25 0 18 00 25 0 18 55. Longitude 78 0 07 46 78 0 09 11. Tehsil & Forest Range: Pichhor, Forest Beet: Muhar. Nearest Village: Dhala (1 km.), which is 16 Kms. From Pichhor on Pichhor Shivpuri road. 5. Bhamargad : - Geographical position: Latitude 25 0 15 08 25 0 16 49. Longitude 78 0 04 12 78 0 05 37. Tehsil & Forest Range: Pichhor, Forest Beet: Muhar. Nearest Village: Pagra, (6-8 Kms.) 6. Charkola : - Geographical position: Latitude 25 0 00 25 25 0 02 08. Longitude 78 0 01 36 78 0 03 38. Tehsil: - Khaniyadhana. Forest Range: Pichhor, Sub-Range: - Khaniyadhana, Forest Beet: Charkola. (9 Kms. from Khaniyadhana on Kadvaya road). 7. Gudar : - Geographical position: Latitude 24 0 58 20-24 0 59 54. Longitude 78 0 04 39 78 0 05 45. Tehsil: - Khaniyadhana. Forest Range: Pichhor. Sub-Range: - Khaniyadhana Forest Beet: Gudar. (5 Kms. from Khaniyadhana) 8. Mamoni, Salaiya: - Tehsil: - Karera. Forest Range: Karera. Sub-Range: - Amola Dakshin Forest Beet: Mamoni (15 Kms. from Karera on Karera Shivpuri road) 9. Bapavali: - Tehsil: - Karera. Forest Range: Karera. Sub-Range: - Khod A. Forest Beet: Bapavali. 15

7) Bhind: - 1. Barhi Ravines (Situated on Bhind-Itawah road, nearly 30 Km. from Bhind.) 2. Sapad- Samanna Deep ravines with thick spiny (Bhind-Itawah road few 2 Km. away from Barhi.) 3. Ater - Ravines 8) Datia: - 1. Lala Ka tal- Pitambara peeth: Poor vegetation. (Datia town surrounds the area, some cultivated and ornamental species also occur) 8. Phytodiversity of different localities in various districts of Chambal Region. Districts of Chambal Eco- Region (Selected for Study): 1. Ashok nagar 2. Guna 3. Gwalior 4. Morena 5. Sheopur 6. Shivpuri 7. Bhind 8. Datia 8. 1.1: Ashok nagar District: Locality - 1: Budhi Chanderi Sr. No. Botanical name Family Local name Uses Trees 1 Acacia leucophloea Mimosaceae Revja Timber 2 Acacia nilotica Mimosaceae Babool Timber 3 Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Bel, Bel patra Fruit yielding 4 Albizia lebbek Mimosaceae Sirish Timber 5 Albizia procera Mimosaceae Kinai, Safed siris Ornamental 6 Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae Dhokda Medicinal 7 Balanites aegyptiaca Balanitaceae Hingot Medicinal 8 Bauhinia racemosa Caesalpiniaceae Astha Fibre yielding 9 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Semal Medicinal 10 Boswellia serrata Burseraceae Sala, Salai Gum 11 Bridelia retusa Euphorbiaceae Karzaliya Timber 16

12 Buchanania lanzan Anacardiaceae Achar Fruit yielding 13 Casearia elliptica Flacourtiaceae Chila, Kirchi Timber yielding 14 Casearia tomentosa Flacourtiaceae Kirchi Timber yielding 15 Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae Baram, Amaltas Medicinal 16 Cassine glauca Celastraceae Jamrasi Fuel 17 Catunaregum spinosa Rubiaceae Chamer karera Medicinal 18 Cochlospermum religiosum Cochlospermaceae Ghanera Medicinal 19 Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae Tendu Fruit yielding 20 Ehretia laevis Boraginaceae Datraga,Chudel Medicinal 21 Erythrina suberosa Fabaceae Hadua chola Medicinal 22 Ficus benghalensis Moraceae Bargad Religious 23 Ficus religiosa Moraceae Pipal Religious 24 Ficus virens Moraceae Pakhar Ornamental 25 Haldinia cordifolia Rubiaceae Haldiya Timber yielding 26 Holarrhena pubescens Apocynaceae Kurentha Medicinal 27 Holoptelea intergrifolia Ulmaceae Chirol Fruit yielding 28 Hymenodictyon orixense Rubiaceae Mahua kaner Medicinal 29 Kydia calycina Malvaceae Barang Timber yielding 30 Lagerstromeia parviflora Lythraceae Karia seja Ornamental 31 Lannea coromandelica Anacardiaceae Gurjan Timber 32 Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia Sapotaceae Mahua Fruit yielding 33 Mitragyna parvifolia Rubiaceae Kaim Timber yielding 34 Morinda pubescens Rubiaceae Allua chola Fuel 35 Naringi crenulata Rutaceae Naringi Fruit yielding 36 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Oleaceae Siyari Basketry 37 Phyllanthus emblica Euphorbiaceae Avla Fruit yielding 38 Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae Karanj Oil yielding 39 Prosopis juliflora Mimosaceae Prosopis Fuel 40 Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae Kusum Gum,resin 41 Soymida febrifuga Meliaceae Hadh Rohan Medicinal 42 Tamarindus indica Caesalpiniaceae Imli Fruit yielding 43 Tectona grandis Verbenaceae Shagon Timber 44 Terminalia alata Combretaceae Saja Timber 45 Wrightia tinctoria var. rothii Apocynaceae Indrajav Medicinal Shrubs 1 Acacia caesia Mimosaceae Aerma 2 Dendrocalamus strictus Poaceae Bans Timber 3 Dendropthe falcata Loranthaceae Banda 4 Euphorbia nivulia Euphorbiaceae Thuar Medicinal 17

5 Flacourtia indica Flacourtiaceae Kaker Timber 6 Helicteres isora Sterculiaceae Maror phali Medicinal 7 Ipomoea carnea Convolvulaceae Beshram 8 Maytenus emarginata Celastraceae Baekal Fruit yielding 9 Mimosa himalayana Mimosaceae Aar 10 Opuntia elatior Cactaceae Nagphani Ornamental 11 Ziziphus nummularia Rhamnaceae Jher beri Fruit yielding 12 Ziziphus oenoplia Rhamnaceae Makoi Fruit yielding Herbs 1 Abutilon hirtum Malvaceae Barkanghi Medicinal 2 Acanthospermum hispidum Asteraceae 3 Achyranthes aspera var. argentea Amaranthaceae Chirchita Medicinal 4 Aeschynomene indica Fabaceae Antwa, Didhan Medicinal 5 Amaranthus viridis Amaranthaceae Chaulai Vegetable 6 Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae Pili Kateri Medicinal 7 Atylosia scarabaeoides Fabaceae Bankulthi Medicinal 8 Avena sativa Poaceae Jav Cultivated 9 Barleria prionitis Acanthaceae Piyabans Medicinal 10 Bidens biternata Asteraceae 11 Cassia absus Caesalpiniaceae Chaksu Medicinal 12 Cassia kleinii Caesalpiniaceae 13 Cassia tora Caesalpiniaceae Puar Vegetable 14 Ceropegia bulbosa Asclepiadaceae Khatua Medicinal 15 Chlorophytum tuberosum Liliaceae Safed musli Medicinal 16 Cleome viscosa Cleomaceae Hulhul, Hurhur Medicinal 17 Convolvulus prostratus Convolvulaceae Shankhpushpi Medicinal 18 Crotalaria juncea Fabaceae San Fibre yielding 19 Curculigo orchioides Hypoxidaceae Kali musli Medicinal 20 Curcuma pseudomontana Zingiberaceae Jangli Haldi Medicinal 21 Desmodium triflorum Fabaceae Medicinal 22 Dicliptera verticillata Acanthaceae 23 Euphorbia heterophylla Euphorbiaceae Medicinal 24 Hibiscus lobatus Malvaceae 25 Hyptis suaveolens Lamiaceae Bantulsi Medicinal 26 Impatiens balsamina Balsaminaceae Guldawdi Ornamental 27 Indigofera astragalina Fabaceae 28 Indigofera linnaei Fabaceae Bhuinguli, Atahai Medicinal 29 Martynia annua Martyniaceae Bichhu Medicinal 30 Melochia corchorifolia Sterculiaceae 18

31 Melothria heterophylla Cucurbitaceae Ban-kumhri Medicinal 32 Peristrophe paniculata Acanthaceae Atrilal Medicinal 33 Phyllanthus virigatus Euphorbiaceae 34 Physalis minima Solanaceae Chirpota Medicinal 35 Sesamum indicum Pedaliaceae Til Oil yielding 36 Sida acuta Malvaceae Mahabala Medicinal 37 Sida alba Malvaceae Medicinal 38 Sida cordifolia Malvaceae Bala Medicinal 39 Sida rhombifolia Malvaceae Atibala Medicinal 40 Solanum incanum Solanaceae Jangli bhanta Medicinal 41 Spermacoce hispida Rubiaceae 42 Spermacoce pusilla Rubiaceae 43 Tridax procumbens Asteraceae Ghamra Medicinal 44 Triumfetta pentandra Tiliaceae 45 Urginea indica Liliaceae Jangli piyaz Medicinal 46 Zornia gibbosa Fabaceae Climbers 1 Abrus precatorius Fabaceae Gumchi Medicinal 2 Acacia pennata Mimosaceae Aar 3 Ampelocissus latifolia Vitaceaea Imlauwa Medicinal 4 Aristolochia indica Aristolochiaceae Karigunisar Medicinal 5 Asparagus racemosus Liliaceae Satavar Medicinal 6 Caesalpinia bonduc Caesalpiniaceae Ghatan Medicinal 7 Canavalia gladiata Fabaceae Bansem Vegetable 8 Capparis zeylanica Capparaceae Ardanda Medicinal 9 Cayratia trifolia Vitaceaea Tipani, amalbel Medicinal 10 Cissampelos pareira Menispermaceae Pahadbel Medicinal 11 Cissus repanda Vitaceaea Dekra-bel, Panibel Medicinal 12 Coccinia grandis Cucurbitaceae Kundru Vegetable 13 Cocculus hirsutus Menispermaceae Chirenta Medicinal 14 Cryptolepis buchanani Asclepiadaceae Karanta, Nagbel Medicinal 15 Dioscorea bulbifera Dioscoreaceae Barahikand Vegetable 16 Dioscorea hispida Dioscoreaceae 17 Diplocyclos palmatus Cucurbitaceae Shivlingi, Bilaiya Medicinal 18 Hemidesmus indicus Asclepiadaceae Anantmul Medicinal 19 Ipomoea dichroa Convolvulaceae Thumari Vegetable 20 Ipomoea eriocarpa Convolvulaceae 21 Ipomoea hederifolia Convolvulaceae Ornamental 22 Ipomoea nil Convolvulaceae Kaladana, Mirchai Ornamental 19

Besharama, Panchpatri 23 Ipomoea pes-trigridis Convolvulaceae Medicinal 24 Pergularia daemia Asclepiadaceae Sadowani Medicinal Grasses 1 Aristida adscensionis Poaceae Fodder 2 Aristida funiculata Poaceae Lapusari Fodder 3 Chloris barbata Poaceae Bandra Fodder 4 Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Dub Medicinal 5 Dactyloctenium aegyptium Poaceae Makra Fodder 6 Paspalidium punctatum Poaceae Fodder 7 Saccharum spontaneum Poaceae Kans Fodder 8 Setaria pumila Poaceae Fodder No. of Species Trees 45 Shrubs 12 Herbs 46 Climbers 24 Grasses 8 Total 135 Locality -2: Singhpur chalda (Near Chanderi) Sr. No. Botanical name Family Local name Uses Trees 1 Acacia catechu Mimosaceae Khair, Katha Timber yielding 2 Acacia nilotica Mimosaceae Babool Timber yielding 3 Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Bel, Bel patra Fruit yielding 4 Alangium salvifolium Cornaceae Ankul, Ankol Medicinal 5 Albizia lebbek Mimosaceae Sirish Timber yielding 6 Albizia odoratissima Mimosaceae Kala siris Timber yielding 7 Annona squamosa Annonaceae Sitaphal Fruit yielding 8 Anogessius latifolia Combretaceae Dhonkda Timber yielding 9 Anogessius pendula Combretaceae Kardai Timber yielding 10 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Neem Medicinal 11 Bauhinia racemosa Caesalpiniaceae Astha, Maholi Fibre yielding 12 Bauhinia variegata Caesalpiniaceae Kachnar Ornamental 13 Boswellia serrata Burseraceae Sala, Salai Gum,resin 14 Bridelia retusa Euphorbiaceae Karzaliya Fuel 20

15 Buchnania lanzan Anacardiaceae Achar Fruit yielding 16 Butea monosperma Fabaceae Palash, chola Dye yielding 17 Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae Baram, Amaltas Medicinal 18 Cassine glauca Celastraceae Jamrasi Timber yielding 19 Catunaregam spinosa Rubiaceae Chamer karera Medicinal 20 Citrus aurantium Rutaceae Santra Fruit yielding 21 Cordia dichotoma Boraginaceae Lasoda Fruit yielding 22 Dalbergia sisoo Fabaceae Sisam Timber yielding 23 Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae Tendu Fruit yielding 24 Ehretia laevis Ehretiaceae Datraga Medicinal 25 Feronia limonia Rutaceae Kaitha Fruit yielding 26 Ficus racemosa Moraceae Gular Fruit yielding 27 Holarrhena pubescens Apocynaceae Kurentha Medicinal 28 Hymenodactylon orixense Rubiaceae Mahua kaner Medicinal 29 Lagerstromeia parviflora Lythraceae Karia seja Gum,resin 30 Lannea coromandelica Anacardiaceae Gurjan Timber yielding 31 Leucaena leucocephala Mimosaceae Subabool Timber yielding 32 Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia Sapotaceae Mahua Oil yielding 33 Manilkara hexandra Sapotaceae Khirni Fruit yielding 34 Melia azadirach Meliaceae Bakneem Medicinal 35 Milliusa tomentosa Annonaceae Kari Timber yielding 36 Mitragyna parvifolia Rubiaceae Kam Timber yielding 37 Moringa oleifera Moringaceae Sehjan Fruit yielding 38 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Oleaceae Siyari Dye yielding 39 Phyllanthus emblica Euphorbiaceae Avla Fruit yielding 40 Pithecelobium dulce Mimosaceae Jangli jalebi Fruit yielding 41 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Jamun Fruit yielding 42 Tectona grandis Verbenaceae Shagon Timber yielding 43 Terminalia alata Comretaceae Saja Fuel 44 Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae Arjun Medicinal 45 Terminalia bellirica Combretaceae Bahera Medicinal 46 Thespesia populnea Malvaceae Paraspeepal Ornamental 47 Wrightia tinctoria var tinctoria Apocynaceae Dudhi Medicinal 48 Zizyiphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae Ber Fruit yielding Shrubs 1 Acacia caesia Mimosaceae Aari 2 Caesalpinia bonduc Caesalpiniaceae Gataran Medicinal 3 Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae Akauwa Medicinal 21

4 Carissa carandas Apocynaceae Karonda Fruit yielding 5 Clerodendrum multiflorum Verbenaceae Inni 6 Dendrocalamus strictus Poaceae Bans Timber yielding 7 Dichrostachys cinerea Mimosaceae Kair, Bilatri Fuel 8 Flacourtia indica Flacourtiaceae Kaker Timber 9 Grewia flavescens Tiliaceae Chapad Basketry 10 Ipomoea carnea Convolvulaceae Beshram 11 Jasminum arborescens Oleaceae Chameli, Barakunda Ornamental 12 Jatropha curcas Euphorbiaceae Ratanjot Medicinal 13 Lantana camara Verbenaceae Raimuniya Ornamental 14 Maytenus emarginata Celastraceae Bekal Timber yielding 15 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Oleaceae Siyari Dye yielding 16 Phyllanthus reticulatus Euphorbiaceae 17 Ziziphus nummularia Rhamnaceae Jher beri Fruit yielding 18 Ziziphus oenoplia Rhamnaceae Makoi Fruit yielding 19 Ziziphus xylopyrus Rhamnaceae Ghont Medicinal Herbs 1 Acanthospermum hispidum Asteraceae 2 Achyranthes aspera var. argentea Amaranthaceae Chirchita Medicinal 3 Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthaceae Kateli chaulai 4 Artemisia scoparia Asteraceae 5 Bidens biternata Asteraceae 6 Blumea oxyodonta Asteraceae 7 Brassica campestris Brassicaceae Sarso Oil yielding 8 Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes Brassicaceae Gandh-gobhi Cultivated 9 Brassica oleracea var.botrytis Brassicaceae Phul-gobhi Cultivated 10 Brassica oleracea var.capitata Brassicaceae Bandh-gobhi Cultivated 11 Cajanus cajan Fabaceae Tooar Cultivated 12 Capsicum annuum Solanaceae Mirchi, Lal mirch Cultivated 13 Cassia absus Caesalpiniaceae Chaksu Medicinal 14 Cassia kleinii Caesalpiniaceae 15 Cassia tora Caesalpiniaceae Puar Medicinal 16 Cicer arietinum Fabaceae Chana Cultivated 17 Corchorus aestuans Tiliaceae 18 Corchorus trilocularis Tiliaceae 19 Coriandrum sativum Apiaceae Dhaniya Cultivated 22

20 Desmodium triflorum Fabaceae Medicinal 21 Eclipta prostrata Asteraceae Bhringraj Medicinal 22 Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae Dudhi Medicinal 23 Evolvulus alsinoides Convolvulaceae Shankhpusphi Medicinal 24 Evolvulus nummularius Convolvulaceae Shankhavali Medicinal 25 Glycine max Fabaceae Soyabin Cultivated 26 Gomphrena celosoides Amaranthaceae 27 Hyptis suaveolens Lamiaceae Bantulsi Medicinal 28 Impatiens balsamina Balsaminaceae Guldawdi Ornamental 29 Indigofera astragalina Fabaceae 30 Lepidagathis cristata Acanthaceae Sarbetka Medicinal 31 Lindernia ciliata Scrophulariaceae 32 Lindernia crustacea Scrophulariaceae 33 Linum usitattisimum Linaceae Alsi Oil yielding 34 Ludwigia octavalvis Onagraceae 35 Martynia annua Martyniaceae Bichhu Medicinal 36 Medicago sativa Fabaceae Alfa-alfa Fodder 37 Melochia corchorifolia Sterculiaceae 38 Monochoria vaginalis Pontederiaceae 39 Murdania nudiflora Commelinaceae 40 Nymphaea pubescens Nymphaeaceae Kamal Ornamental 41 Oryza sariva Poaceae Chaval Cultivated 42 Phyllanthus virigatus Euphorbiaceae 43 Physalis minima Solanaceae Chirpota Medicinal 44 Pupalia lappacea Amaranthaceae Lapa 45 Sesbania bispinosa Fabaceae 46 Sida acuta Malvaceae Mahabala Medicanal 47 Sida cordifolia Malvaceae Bala Medicinal 48 Sida rhombofolia Malvaceae Atibala Medicinal 49 Solanum melongena Solanaceae Baingan, Bhata Cultivated 50 Solanum nigrum Solanaceae Makoi Medicinal 51 Solanum tuberosum Solanaceae Aalu Cultivated 52 Solanum virginianum Solanaceae Bhatkataiya Medicinal 53 Spermacoce hispida Rubiaceae 54 Spermacoce pusilla Rubiaceae 55 Sphaeranthus indicus Asteraceae Gorakh mundi Medicinal 56 Striga angustifolia Scrophulariaceae 57 Teramnus labialis Fabaceae Mashoni Medicinal 58 Tridax procumbens Asteraceae Ghamra Medicinal 59 Triticum aestivum Poaceae Gehu Cultivated 60 Triumfetta pentandra Tiliaceae 23

61 Vicia faba Fabaceae Bakal, Bakla Vegetable 62 Vigna mungo Fabaceae Urad Cultivated 63 Vigna radiata Fabaceae Moong Cultivated 64 Waltheria indica Sterculiaceae 65 Xanthium indicum Asteraceae Bada gokharu Medicinal 66 Zornia gibbosa Fabaceae Climbers 1 Ampelocissus latifolia Vitaceae Panibel Medicinal 2 Asparagus racemosus Liliaceae Satavar Medicinal 3 Capparia zeylanica Capparaceae Ardanda Medicinal 4 Cardiospermum helicacabum Sapindaceae Kanphuta Medicinal 5 Cayratia trifolia Vitaceae Amalbel Medicinal 6 Cissampelos pareira Menispermaceae Akandi Medicinal 7 Coccinia grandis Cucurbitaceae Kundru Vegetable 8 Cocculus hirsutus Menispermaceae Jamtikibel Medicinal 9 Cucumis sativus Cucurbitaceae Kheera Cultivated 10 Cuscuta reflexa Convolvulaceae Amarbel Medicinal 11 Dioscorea bulbifera Dioscoreaceae Kanda Vegetable 12 Diplocyclos palmatus Cucurbitaceae Ban-kakra Medicinal 13 Gloriosa superba Liliaceae Laden, Kali- hari Medicinal 14 Gymnema sylvestre Asclepiadaceae Apho Medicinal 15 Hemidesmus indicus Asclepiadaceae Anantmul Medicinal 16 Ichnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Dhimarbel Medicinal 17 Ipomoea hederifolia Convolvulaceae 18 Ipomoea nil Convolvulaceae Kaladana, Mirchai Ornamental 19 Ipomoea pes-tigridis Convolvulaceae Besharama, Panch-patri Medicinal 20 Ipomoea quamoclit Convolvulaceae 21 Jasminum auriculatum Oleaceae Chameli,Mutabela Ornamental 22 Lablab purpurens Fabaceae Sem Vegetable 23 Luffa cylindrica Cucurbitaceae Fatkuli Vegetable 24 Momordica charantia var. muricata Cucurbitaceae Murela Vegetable 25 Momordica dioica Cucurbitaceae Kakora Vegetable 26 Mucuna pruriens Fabaceae Kewanch Medicinal 27 Passiflora foetida Passifloraceae 28 Pergularia daemia Asclepiadaceae Sadowani Medicinal 29 Pisum sativum Fabaceae Matar Cultivated 30 Tinospora cordifolia Menispermaceae Giloy Medicinal 31 Wattakaka volubilis Asclepiadaceae Nakchikni Medicinal 24

Grasses 1 Chloris barbata Poaceae Bandra Fodder 2 Dactyloctenium aegyptium Poaceae Makra Fodder 3 Oplismenus burmanii Poaceae Fodder 4 Paspalidium punctatum Poaceae Fodder 5 Saccharum spontaenum Poaceae Kans Ornamental 6 Setaria pumilla Poaceae Fodder No. of Species Trees 48 Shrubs 19 Herbs 66 Climbers 31 Grasses 6 Total 170 Locality - 3: Singhpur Mahal & Nearby Forest Area (Near Chanderi) Sr. No. Botanical name Family Local name Uses Trees 1 Acacia catechu Mimosaceae Khair, Katha Timber yielding 2 Acacia leucophloea Mimosaceae Revja Timber yielding 3 Acacia nilotica Mimosaceae Babool Timber yielding 4 Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Bel, Bel patra Fruit yielding 5 Alangium salvifolium Cornaceae Ankol Medicinal 6 Albizia odoratissima Mimosaceae Kala siris Timber yielding 7 Annona squamosa Annonaceae Sharifa, Sitaphal Fruit yielding 8 Anogeissus pendula Combretaceae Kardai Timber yielding 9 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Neem Medicinal 10 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Semal Medicinal 11 Buchnania lanzan Anacardiaceae Achar Fruit yielding 12 Butea monosperma Fabaceae Palash, chola Dye yielding 13 Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae Baram, Amaltas Medicinal 14 Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae Tendu Fruit yielding 15 Ficus benghalensis Moraceae Bargad Religious 16 Ficus infectoria Moraceae 17 Ficus racemosa Moraceae Gular Fruit yielding 18 Flacourtia indica Flacourtiaceae Kaker Timber yielding 19 Gardenia latifolia Rubiaceae Safedpanpra Medicinal 20 Holoptelea intergrifolia Ulmaceae Chirol Fruit yielding 25

21 Lagerstromeia parviflora Lythraceae Kariya seja Gum,resin 22 Lannea coromandelica Anacardiaceae Gurjan Timber yielding 23 Leucaena leucocephala Mimosaceae Subabool Timber yielding 24 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Aam Fruit yielding 25 Manilkara hexandra Sapotaceae Khirni Fruit yielding 26 Mitragyna parvifolia Rubiaceae Kam Timber yielding 27 Phoenix sylvestris Arecaceae Khajuri Fruit yielding 28 Pithecelobium dulce Mimosaceae Jangli jalebi Fruit yielding 29 Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae Kusum Gum,resin 30 Tamarindus indicus Caesalpiniaceae Imli Fruit yielding 31 Terminalia alata Combretaceae Saja Timber yielding 32 Terminalia bellirica Combretaceae Bahera Medicinal 33 Wrightia tinctoria var. rothii Apocynaceae Dudhi Medicinal 34 Ziziphus xylopyrus Rhamnaceae Ghont Medicinal Shrubs 1 Acacia caesia Mimosaceae Aar 2 Adathoda zeylanica Acanthaceae Arusa Medicinal 3 Calotropis gigantea Asclepiadaceae Akauwa Medicinal 4 Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae Akauwa Medicinal 5 Capparis sepiaria Capparaceae Hins 6 Capparis zeylanica Capparaceae Ardanda Medicinal 7 Casearia tomentosa Flacourtiaceae Chilla,Kirchi Timber yielding 8 Datura stramonium Solanaceae Datura Medicinal 9 Grewia flavescens Tiliaceae Chapad Timber yielding 10 Ipomoea carnea Convolvulaceae Beshram 11 Lantana camara Verbenaceae Raimuniya Ornamental 12 Maytenus emarginata Celastraceae Bekal Timber yielding 13 Phyllanthus reticulatus Euphorbiaceae 14 Ziziphus oenoplia Rhamnaceae Makoi Fruit yielding Herbs 1 Achyranthes aspera var. argentea Amaranthaceae Chirchita Medicinal 2 Barleria lawii Acanthaceae Dharamjad Medicinal 3 Barleria prionitis Acanthaceae Pia bans Medicinal 4 Bidens biternata Asteraceae 5 Boerhavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae Punarnava Medicinal 6 Cassia tora Caesalpiniaceae Puar Medicinal 7 Celosia argentea Amaranthaceae Safed murga Medicinal 8 Cleome viscosa Cleomaceae Hulhul, Hurhur Medicinal 26

9 Corchorus aestuans Tiliaceae Medicinal 10 Desmodium triflorum Fabaceae Medicinal 11 Dipteracanthus patulus Acanthaceae 12 Echinops echinatus Asteraceae Untkatera Medicinal 13 Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae Dudhi Medicinal 14 Evolvulus alsinoides Convolvulaceae Shankhpuspi Medicinal 15 Gomphrena celosoides Amaranthaceae 16 Hibiscus lobatus Malvaceae 17 Hyptis suaveolens Lamiaceae Bantulsi Medicinal 18 Impatiens balsamina Balsaminaceae Guldawdi Ornamental 19 Launea acaulis Asteraceae 20 Leonotis nepetifolia Lamiaceae Badbhodra, Bhimalgutta Medicinal 21 Lindernia ciliata Scrophulariaceae 22 Lindernia crustacea Scrophulariaceae 23 Melochia corchorifolia Sterculiaceae 24 Nelumbo nucifera Nelumboaceae Kamal Ornamental 25 Nymphaea nouchalii Nympheaceae Neelkamal Ornamental 26 Peristrophe paniculata Acanthaceae Atrilal Medicinal 27 Phyllanthus amarus Euphorbiaceae Jaramala Medicinal 28 Physalis minima Solanaceae Chirpota Medicinal 29 Pupalia lappacea Amaranthaceae Lapa 30 Sesbania bispinosa Fabaceae 31 Sida alba Malvaceae Mahabala Medicinal 32 Sida cordata Malvaceae Medicinal 33 Sida cordifolia Malvaceae Bala Medicinal 34 Sida rhombifolia Malvaceae Atibala Medicinal 35 Spermacoce hispida Rubiaceae 36 Spermacoce pusilla Rubiaceae 37 Spilanthes calva Asteraceae Akkalkara Medicinal 38 Theprosia villosa Fabaceae Sarpunkha Medicinal 39 Tridax procumbens Asteraceae Ghamra Medicinal 40 Triumfetta pentandra Tiliaceae 41 Waltheria indica Sterculiaceae 42 Xanthium indicum Asteraceae Bada gokharu Medicinal Climbers 1 Celastrus paniculatus Celastraceae Malkamini Medicinal 2 Cissampelos pareira Menispermaceae Pahadbel Medicinal 3 Cocculus hirsutus Menispermaceae Jamtikibel Medicinal 4 Cryptolepis buchanani Asclepiadaceae Karanta,Nagbel Medicinal 27

5 Cuscuta reflexa Convolvulaceae Amarbel Medicinal 6 Diplocyclos palmatus Cucurbitaceae Shivlingi Medicinal 7 Ichnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Dhimarbel Medicinal 8 Ipomoea aquatica Convolvulaceae Kalmisag, Nari 9 Ipomoea dichroa Cucurbitaceae Thumari Vegetable 10 Ipomoea nil Convolvulaceae Kaladana, Mirchai Ornamental 11 Mucuna pruriens Fabaceae Kewanch Medicinal 12 Tinospora cordifolia Menispermaceae Giloy Medicinal Grasses 1 Aristida funiculata Poaceae Fodder 2 Chloris barbata Poaceae Bandra Fodder 3 Dactyloctenium aegyptium Poaceae Makra Fodder 4 Sporobolus diander Poaceae Fodder No. of Species Trees 34 Shrubs 14 Herbs 42 Climbers 12 Grasses 4 Total 106 Locality - 4: Kati Ghati & Khandar Giri Temple (Chanderi) Sr. No. Botanical name Family Local name Uses Trees 1 Acacia nilotica Mimosaceae Babool Timber yielding 2 Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Bel, Belpatra Fruit yielding 3 Albizia lebbek Mimosaceae Shirish Timber yielding 4 Albizia odoratissima Mimosaceae Kala siris Timber yielding 5 Allangium salvifolium Cornaceae Ankol Medicinal 6 Annona squamosa Annonaceae Sitaphal Fruit yielding 7 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Neem Medicinal 8 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Semal Medicinal 9 Butea monosperma Fabaceae Palash, Chola Dye yielding 10 Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae Barram, Amaltas Medicinal 11 Cassia siamea Caesalpiniaceae Kasood Ornamental 12 Dalbergia sisoo Fabaceae Sisam Timber yielding 28

13 Delonix regia Caesalpiniaceae Gulmohar Ornamental 14 Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae Tendu Timber yielding 15 Ehretia laevis Boraginaceae Datraga Medicinal 16 Ficus anottiana Moraceae 17 Gardenia latifolia Rubiaceae Safedpanpra Medicinal 18 Holarrhena pubescens Apocynaceae Kurentha Medicinal 19 Holoptelea integrifolia Ulmaceae Chirol Fruit yielding 20 Lagerstromeia parviflora Lythraceae Karia seja Gum,resin 21 Lannea coromandelica Anacardiaceae Gurjan Timber yielding 22 Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia Sapotaceae Mahua Oil yielding 23 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Aam Fruit yielding 24 Manilkara hexandra Sapotaceae Khirni Fruit yielding 25 Milliusa tomentosa Annonaceae Kari Timber yielding 26 Phoenix sylvestris Arecaceae Khajuri Fruit yielding 27 Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae Karanj Oil yielding 28 Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Arand Oil yielding 29 Sterculia urens Sterculiaceae Kullu, Karer Gum, resin 30 Ziziphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae Ber Fruit yielding Shrubs 1 Adathoda zeylanica Acanthaceae Arusa Medicinal 2 Caesalpinia bonduc Caesalpiniaceae Gataran Medicinal 3 Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae Madar Medicinal 4 Capparis sepiaria Capparaceae Hins Fruit yielding 5 Capparis zeylanica Capparaceae Ardanda Medicinal 6 Datura innoxia Solanaceae Datura Medicinal 7 Ipomea carnea Convolvulaceae Beshram 8 Jatropha gossypifolia Euphorbiaceae Kosoronda, Lalbherenda 9 Phyllanthus reticulatus Euphorbiaceae 10 Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae Dhao Medicinal 11 Ziziphus oenoplia Rhamnaceae Makoi Fruit yielding Herbs 1 Achyranthes aspera var argentea Amaranthaceae Chirchita Medicinal 2 Aerva lanata Amaranthaceae 3 Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae 4 Aloe vera Liliaceae Gwarpatha Medicinal 5 Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthaceae Kateli chaulai 6 Anisomeles indica Lamiaceae 29

7 Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae Pili kateri Medicinal 8 Barleria prionitis Acanthaceae Piyabans Medicinal 9 Bidens biternata Asteraceae 10 Boerhaavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae Punarnava Medicinal 11 Cassia absus Caesalpiniaceae Chaksu Medicinal 12 Cassia kleinii Caesalpiniaceae 13 Cassia occidentalis Caesalpiniaceae Ban-chironta, Bara chakora Medicinal 14 Cassia tora Caesalpiniaceae Puar Medicinal 15 Catharanthus roseus Apocynaceae Sadabahar Medicinal 16 Catharanthus pusillus Apocynaceae 17 Celosia argentea Amaranthaceae Silmili Medicinal 18 Chenopodium album Chenopodiaceae Bathua Cultivated 19 Cyanadon dactylon Poaceae Dub Medicinal 20 Desmodium triflorum Fabaceae Medicinal 21 Digera muricata Amaranthaceae Latmahuria, Lesua Vegetable 22 Eclipta prostrata Asteraceae Bhringraj Medicinal 23 Euphorbia heterophylla Euphorbiaceae 24 Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae Dudhi Medicinal 25 Euphorbia thymifolia Euphorbiaceae Choti dudhi 26 Evolvulus alsinoides Convolvulaceae Shankhpuspi Medicinal 27 Gomphrena celosioides Amaranthaceae 28 Hibiscus lobatus Malvaceae 29 Hyptis suaveolens Lamiaceae Ban Tulsi Medicinal 30 Ichnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Dhimarbel Medicinal 31 Impatiens balsamina Balsaminaceae Guladawdi Ornamental 32 Indigofera linnaei Fabaceae Bhuinguli, Atahai Medicinal 33 Kickxia ramosissima Scrophulariaceae 34 Lagescea mollis Asteraceae 35 Launea acaulis Asteraceae 36 Leucas aspera Lamiaceae Bhodaki Medicinal 37 Lindenbergia indica Scrophulariaceae 38 Martynia annua Martyniaceae Bada gokhru Medicinal 39 Mirabilis jalapa Nyctaginaceae Gulbaas Ornamental 40 Nicotiana tabacum Solanaceae Tambaku Medicinal 41 Nymphaea pubescens Nymphaeaceae Kamal, Koka Ornamental 42 Nymphoides indica Menyanthaceae Barachuli Medicinal 43 Ocimum tenuiflorum Lamiaceae Tulsi Religious 44 Parthenium hysterophorus Asteraceae Gajar ghas 45 Peristrophe paniculata Acanthaceae Atrilal Medicinal 46 Physalis minima Solanaceae Banphutka Medicinal 30

47 Plumbago zeylanica Plumbaginaceae Chitavar Medicinal 48 Pupalia lappacea Amaranthaceae Lapa 49 Sesbania bispinosa Fabaceae 50 Sida acuta Malvaceae Mahabala Medicinal 51 Sida cordata Malvaceae Medicinal 52 Sida cordifolia Malvaceae Bala Medicinal 53 Sida rhombifolia Malvaceae Atibala Medicinal 54 Solanum virginianum Solanaceae Bhat kattaiya Medicinal 55 Spermacoce hispida Rubiaceae 56 Spermacoce pusilla Rubiaceae 57 Tephrosia tinctoria Fabaceae Sarpunkha 58 Tephrosia villosa Fabaceae 59 Tridax procumbens Asteraceae Ghamra Medicinal 60 Triumfetta pentandra Tiliaceae 61 Vicia sativa Fabaceae Churingli Vegetable 62 Xanthium indicum Asteraceae Bada gokhru Medicinal 63 Zornia gibbosa Fabaceae Climbers 1 Ampelocissus latifolia Vitaceae Panibel Medicinal 2 Cardiospermum helicacabum Sapindaceae Kanphuta Medicinal 3 Cayratia trifolia Vitaceae Tipani,Amlbel Medicinal 4 Coccinia grandis Cucurbitaceae Kundru Vegetable 5 Cocculus hirsutus Menispermaceae Jamti ki bel Medicinal 6 Cuscuta reflexa Cuscutaceae Amarbel Medicinal 7 Dioscorea bulbifera Dioscoreaceae Barahikand Medicinal 8 Diplocyclos palmatus Cucurbitaceae Shivlingi Medicinal 9 Gymnema sylvestre Asclepiadaceae Gudmar Medicinal 10 Ichnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Dhimarbel Medicinal 11 Ipomea nil Convolvulaceae Kaladana, Mirchai Ornamental 12 Ipomoea eriocarpa Convolvulaceae 13 Ipomoea pes-tigridis Convolvulaceae Panch-patri Medicinal 14 Momordica charantia Cucurbitaceae Karela Vegetable 15 Tinospora cordifolia Menispermaceae Giloy Medicinal Grasses 1 Chloris barbata Poaceae Makra Fodder 2 Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Dub Medicinal 3 Oplismenus burmanii Poaceae Fodder 4 Saccharum spontaneum Poaceae Kans Ornamental 31

No. of Species Trees 30 Shrubs 11 Herbs 63 Climbers 15 Grasses 4 Total 123 8. 1.2. Threatened Plant Species of Various Localities of Ashoknagar district. Locality - Budhi Chanderi Sr. No. Name of Plant Family Local Name 1 Abrus precatorius Fabaceae Ratti, Gomchi 2 Aristolochia indica Aristolochiaceae Karigunisar 3 Asparagus racemosus Liliaceae Satavar 4 Buchanania lanzan Anacardiaceae Achar 5 Ceropegia bulbosa Asclepiadaceae Khatuwa 6 Chlorophytim tuberosum Liliaceae Safed musali 7 Curculigo orchioides Hypoxidaceae Kali musali 8 Helicteres isora Sterculiaceae Maror phalli 9 Hemidesmus indicus Apocynaceae Anantmul 10 Urginea indica Liliaceae Jangli piyaz Locality -Singhpur Chalda Sr. No. Name of Plant Family Local Name 1 Buchanania lanzan Anacardiaceae Achar 2 Asparagus racemosus Liliaceae Shatawar 3 Gloriosa superba Liliaceae Kalihari 4 Gymnema sylvestre Asclepiadaceae Gudmar 5 Mucuna pruriens Fabaceae Kewanch 6 Tinospora cordifolia Menispermaceae Giloy Locality - Singhpur Mahal Sr. No. Name of Plant Family Local Name 1 Buchanania lanzan Anacardiaceae Achar 2 Celastrus paniculata Celastraceae Jyotishmati 3 Mucuna pruriens Fabaceae Kewanch 32