Wine and Health Mickey Parish, Ph.D. Professor and Chair Dept of Nutrition and Food Science College of Agriculture and Natural Resources
"Nothing more excellent or valuable than wine was ever granted by the Gods to man." Plato
What is in Wine? Water 85-90% Ethanol preserve, flavor enhancer 7-14% Sugars sweetener, flavor enhancer 0.1-15% Acids Organic, inorganic; crisp sour 0.6-1% Tannins pigmnts, phenols; health; preservation 0.6-1% Volatile compounds aroma, bouquet +200 Proteins, vitamins, minerals little Caloric content dependent upon alcohol and sugar content.
Wine (4 fl oz) Calories Cabernet franc 96 Burgundy, red 101 Cabernet Sauvignon 96 Chenin blanc 94 Fume blanc 96 Chardonnay 90 Sauvignon blanc 95 Pinot grigio 97 Merlot 98 Muscat 98 Reisling 95 Sauvignon Blanc 80 Zinfandel 103 http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/
Polyphenolic Compounds Antioxidant properties Total Phenolics Red wine 900-2500 mg/l White wine 190-290 mg/l Resveratrol Red White 1.0 mg/l 0.2 mg/l German and Walzem THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF WINE Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2000. 20:561 93
What health effects?
Obvious negative effects from consumption of alcohol Alcoholism & Liver disease Sulfites (ca. 1% of pop.) Headaches (migraine trigger)
Life Span Moderate drinkers live on average two years longer than heavy drinkers or non-drinkers. International Journal of Epidemiology - August 2000 - Seven Countries Study
2000 Karolinska Institute Light drinkers who consumed wine cut their risk of dying prematurely by almost one third. Wine drinkers as a group had significantly lower mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Health Effects Coronary Heart Disease Cancer Osteoporosis Alzheimer s Senility Other
Coronary Heart Disease Blood-thinning properties Reduces oxidation of LDL Raises HDL Reduces coronary artery spasms Increases coronary blood flow Reduces blood pressure Reduces stress
Coronary Heart Disease One glass per day for women, and up to two glasses for men may result in a thirty to fifty percent decrease in the risk of a heart attack. http://www.red-wine-and-health.com/html/health-risks-of-alcohol-abuse.php3
Cancer In vitro or Epi Studies on: Breast cancer Prostate cancer Oral cancer Ovarian cancer
Breast Cancer Mayo Clinic epidemiologic study of over 1500 women. Tried to correlate breast density with consumption of fat, vitamins, carbs, and alcohol. Alcohol - only substance to increase breast density in both pre- and post-menopausal women. Vachon, CM et al. Association of Diet and Mammographic Breast Density in the Minnesota Breast Cancer Family Cohort. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 2000 9:151-160.
Breast Cancer 2007 epidemiological study More than 70,000 multi-ethnic women Alcohol consumption (no matter the source) correlated with increased risk 1 2 drinks/day = 10% increase in risk Heavy drinking = 30% increase in risk Arthur Klatsky. Kaiser Permanente Div. of Research. European Cancer Conference (ECCO 14) Barcelona, Sept 28, 2007.
Recent Articles from Scientific Lit: Consumption of coffee, tea, fruit juices, or wine was not associated with risk for breast cancer. Hirvonen et al. 2006. Ann Epidemiol.
Ovarian Cancer Australian study 2002 Women who drink more than one glass of red wine a day are almost seven times less likely to develop ovarian cancer than non-drinkers.
Osteoporosis November 2000 - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Creighton University Study of 500 elderly women Bone mineral density 12 to 16% higher among moderate drinkers than non-drinkers
Alzheimer s SCIENTIFICAMERICAN.COM Nov 7, 2005 Journal of Biological Chemistry In vitro study on Alzheimer cell line 40 umol resveratrol reduced levels of amyloid beta peptides by half
Periodontitis Red wine polyphenols have potent antioxidant properties which reduce oxidative stress mediated by periodontogenic bacteria. V. HOUDE, D. GRENIER, and F. CHANDAD, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada. Presented at 2006 Am. Assn Dental Res. Annual meeting.
Diabetes Type 2 Moderate, daily alcohol consumption improved insulin and triglyceride concentrations. D. Baer. USDA-BARC. JAMA 2002.
Bottom Line Wine consumption has definite risks and benefits. Most healthy people who drink wine regularly and moderately live longer. Moderation is the key. Correlation b/n alcohol and increased breast cancer risk may be an issue.