Mid-Columbia Cherry Research - 2014 Lynn E. Long, David Crawford, Diego Espinosa, Pamela Manning
Research Emphasis USDA SCRI Stem-free research project Four year Four state effort
Research & Extension Emphasis Training System Manual Vogel Central Leader Steep Leader Spanish Bush UFO: Matthew Whiting KGB: Lynn Long SSA: Stefano Musacchi TSA: Greg Lang
% Fruit Set Research Emphasis AVG Regina fruit set Cooperation with Matthew Whiting % Fruit Set for Single AVG Application 10% Full Bloom - The Dalles, OR 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Control 0.5 AVG 1 AVG 1.5 AVG
Yield/Tree (kg) Fruit Size (mm) Yield/Tree (kg) Fruit Size (mm) Yield/Tree (kg) Fruit Size (mm) VRTS Trial Bing, Regina, Sweetheart Mazzard, G6, G12, K5, K6 Research Emphasis VCL, KGB 0 20 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Regina (3-5 Leaf) Avg Yield/Tree and Fruit Size by Rootstock Regina Rootstock 29 28 27 26 25 24 Avg Yield/Tree Avg Fruit Size 20 15 10 5 25 20 15 10 5 0 Bing (3-5 Leaf) Avg Yield/Tree and Fruit Size by Rootstock Mazzard G6 K5 K6 Bing Rootstock Mazzard G6 K5 K6 28 26 24 22 20 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 Sweetheart (Leaf 3-5) Avg Yield/Tree and Fruit Size by Rootstock Sweetheart Rootstock Avg Yield/Tree Avg Fruit Size Avg Yield/Tree Avg Fruit Size
Research Emphasis Training System Trial KGB, UFO, SSA Planted 2013
Research Emphasis Early season estimation of fruit set and size potential Drs. Todd Einhorn and David Gibeaut Rainier, Bing, Chelan & Sweetheart 1 st year of study Objectives: Provide scientifically established crop estimate within 21 days of bloom Determine potential fruit size at harvest within 30 days of bloom
Research Emphasis Variety Evaluation at Cemetery Block What s new 2 years of evaluation of Pearl series 1 year evaluation of Star series Glory, Suite Note, Star Blush Pitting rating Rain cracking data 2013 Radiance Pearl
Created by Drs. Clive Kaiser and Mark Christensen, OSU Biofilm 7 years of Evaluation Hood River The Dalles Milton-Freewater WA Norway Chile Australia SureSeal - Parka
% Fruit Cracking 2007 Results Milton-Freewater, 'Bing'/ 'Mazzard - % Fruit Cracking 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Control 10 g/l Biofilm A 10 g/l Biofilm B Treatment
Chile, VII Region - Garnet % Splitting @ Harvest % Splitting after storage hydrocooled Treatment Rain-induced fruit cracking in the field (+) Rain Simulation (+) Rain Simulation Control 0 0.8 41 Biofilm A 0.3 0.8 11.4 Biofilm B 0.3 1.3 19.6 Biofilm C 0 0.5 9.8
Average Fruit Firmness (g.mm -1 ) Fruit Crakcing (%) Average Fruit Diameter (mm) The Dalles - Skeena - Hydrocooler % 'Skeena' fruit cracking in The Dalles, Oregon 14.00% 13.26% 30.6 'Skeena' Average Fruit Diameter - The Dalles 2010 12.00% 10.00% 30.4 30.2 8.00% 6.00% 6.69% 30 29.8 4.00% 2.00% 2.90% 1.20% 29.6 29.4 0.00% Post Hydrocooler Check 1% Biofilm 385 380 375 370 365 360 355 350 Post Packing line Check 29.2 'Skeena' Fruit Firmness (g.mm -1 )- The Dalles 2010 1% Biofilm Check 1% Biofilm
Anti-Cracking Agents Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission 25 sites tested in two years Rain Cracking Susceptibility (Bing, Early Robin, Santina, Rainier, Tieton) RainGard - 0.8 gal./a SureSeal 1 gal./a 4 weekly applications 2 apps (light green/pink)
WTFRC Efficacy Trials 2011 18 Carlton Tieton 16 14 12 10 8 % Cracking 6 4 2 0 Control Raingard SureSeal
WTFRC Efficacy Trials 2011 10 Wenatchee Bing 9 8 7 6 5 % Cracking 4 3 2 1 0 Control Raingard SureSeal
Percent Cracking 2011 Skeena Rain Cracking 65 60 55 50 45 40 Control SureSeal
Parka Trial 2013 The Dalles & Dufur
Parka Trial Two Locations The Dalles Dufur One Cultivar Skeena Two Formulations Parka Stearic Acid base Four treatments Post shuck fall Straw color 10 days after straw Straw and 10 days after straw
Fruit Cracking (%) 'Skeena' % Fruit Cracking in The Dalles 2013 0.36 inches of rain June 24-26, 2013 16 14 P=0.034 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Control Parka Stearic Acid
Fruit Cracking (%) 'Skeena' % Fruit Cracking in Dufur - 2013 6 P=0.034 5 4 3 2 1 0 Control Parka Stearic Acid
Fruit Cracking (%) 18 16 'Skeena' % Fruit Cracking in The Dalles - 2013 P=0.034 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Control Shuck Fall Straw Color 10 days Straw + 10 days Parka Stearic Acid
Fruit Cracking (%) 6 'Skeena' % Fruit Cracking in Dufur - 2013 P=0.034 5 4 3 2 1 0 Control Shuck Fall Straw Color 10 days Straw + 10 days Parka Stearic Acid
Parka 2013 Quality Factor Fruit Size Firmness Stem Pull Force Total Soluble Solids Significance Not Significant Not Significant Not Significant Not Significant
Phytotoxicity Phytotoxicity reported by Dr. Ines Hanrahan, WTFRC 2011 2x rate 2012 applied with handgun Potential to increase runoff pooling at distal end of fruit
Due to report we diligently searched for similar marks Found very small levels of marking on June 7, 2013 Smaller incidents on control None found at harvest in 2013 None found at harvest in any previous year Trials conducted with 5 independent scientists On four continents with no reports of fruit marking at harvest Phytotoxicity
Conclusions For Skeena, both Parka & Stearic Acid reduced cracking by ~ 50% at both sites Small level of fruit marking found in early developmental stage Markings not visible at harvest No significant changes in fruit size, firmness, stem pull force or TSS
2013 Research Cooperators Tim Dahle Mike Omeg Funding 4-H and Extension Service District OSCC USDA IFTA OSU EESC