Grade 3-5 Pam Olivieri - Curriculum Designer 1
Columbian Exchange and European Settlement Vocabulary colonies migrate compelled missionaries cash crops Viceroy fertile Royal Colony Proprietary Colony alliances Pilgrims Puritans abide 2
Columbian Exchange Let s take a step back in time when Christopher Columbus came to America! Do you remember that Spain sent him on expeditions to claim land and make a profit for their country? Well, his discoveries resulted in the exchange of crops and resources between the New World (North and South America) and the Old World (Europe, Africa, Asia). It is so sad that Columbus never realized the impact of his findings! Before long, other countries like France and England were claiming land in the New World too. They were all in a race to become wealthy and powerful. Some of them were establishing colonies and growing crops. Colonies are settlements that are far from the country that rules them. They would grow crops to send back to their home country. The people in the Old World were excited to try the new crops! Having corn, tobacco, cocoa, and potatoes changed the lifestyles in Europe. Imagine never having cocoa before and then tasting it for the first time! In exchange, European countries were sending over horses, cattle, and sugarcane. Some of these goods were used to trade with Native Americans. This had a huge impact on transportation for the Native Americans. They now had a faster means to migrate and hunt. The Old World not only sent people, animals, and plants, but diseases like small pox came along with them, too. Since the people in the New World were not accustomed to diseases, a large population of Native Americans suffered and died. The natives of the New World had more hardships to face. They were compelled to work on farms to help Europeans grow crops. The Spaniards even forced many of the Native Americans to give up their own beliefs to learn Christianity. Do you think it was fair to force people to do something against their will? As you have read, the Columbian Exchange brought about positive and negative effects on the people involved. I wonder what Columbus would 3 have thought if he knew the impact of his findings!
Columbian Exchange Questions 1. What is a colony? 2. What is the Columbian Exchange? 3. What did Europeans bring to the New World? 4. What did they bring back to the Old World? 5. What caused the Columbian Exchange? 6. Within your text, find a synonym for compelled? 7. What were the positive and negative effects of the exchanges of crops and resources? 8. How was the Native Americans way of life affected by the Columbian exchange? 9. Do you think it was fair that the Native Americans had to face so many hardships during the exchange? Why or Why not? 4
Exchange of Plants Old World New World 5
Exchange of Animals Old World New World 6
Exchange of Diseases Old World New World 7
Favorite Food Directions: Choose the Old World or the New World. If you lived in the Old World, but one of the ingredients in your favorite food was from the New World, would it taste the same without it? Write about your findings and tell how it would taste without the ingredients from the other world. All the ingredients in your favorite food: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 8
List of Items from Old World Bananas Carnations Coffee Daffodils Dandelions Lettuce Olives Peaches Pigs Sheep Tulips Wheat Cabbage Chickens Cows Daisies Horses Lilacs Oranges Pears Rice Sugarcane Turnips 9
List of Items from New World Avocados Bell Peppers Chili Peppers Cotton Papayas Petunias Poinsettias Pumpkins Squash Sweet Potatoes Tomatoes Vanilla Beans Beans Cacao Corn Marigolds Peanuts Pineapples Potatoes Rubber Sunflowers Tobacco Turkeys 10
Old World Items Illustrate an item from the Old World. My item is. 11
New World Items Illustrate an item from the New World. My item is. 12
Spain in the New World Spain was a powerful nation and sent many explorers over to the New World to claim land, search for gold, and build missions. They were claiming land mostly in Mexico and what today is the southern U.S. Hernando DeSoto was a cruel explorer who would defeat anyone in his way. He didn t care if the Native Americans were the first ones to live on the land. He wanted the land and he was determined to become recognized for helping Spain continue to grow and become more powerful and wealthy. Many other Spanish explorers and soldiers mirrored his vision. They would conquer a whole village and capture the surviving natives. Spain was the first European country to use Native Americans as slaves. Some of the slaves were forced to work for long, strenuous days on the plantations where they tended the crops. Spain s government traded the crops for economic growth. The main cash crops were sugarcane, tobacco, coffee, cocoa, and cotton. Native Americans were also sent to mine for gold where they often encountered harsh working conditions. Many natives died not only from these poor working conditions but from hunger as well. Other Native Americans were sent to missions where Spain tried to convert them to Christianity. The Roman Catholic Church was an important part of Spain s every day life, and they wanted to expand their religion into the New World. Since the settlers were governed by Viceroys (representatives of the King who enforced the Spanish laws), the settlers had to obey the laws and could not make up their own. The only religion allowed was Catholicism. If you were Protestant, you were persecuted or driven out of settlements in the New World. You did not have a choice. Spain s malicious behavior continued for many years. I wonder.. Why was 13 Spain so insensitive to the natives and their own citizens?
Spain in the New World Pretend you are a Native American. Write a letter to the Spanish Viceroy persuading him to free you from the mission, plantation, or gold mine. 14
France in the New World France was sending explorers over to the New World to claim land and establish a fur trade. Robert LaSalle was a famous explorer who established fur trade routes up and down the Mississippi. At first, the French King wasn t pleased with LaSalle s findings, but quickly changed his mind when he realized LaSalle had control of the only fur trading waters that weren t freezing over! LaSalle paved the way for France to send other explorers and settlers to the area. They were settling in the middle of the New World. which became the Louisiana Territory. France attempted to develop plantations in these territories. Sadly, the land was not fertile enough to keep an abundance of crops growing. Fur trade continued to be their ticket to wealth in the New World! French settlers in the New World had no say in the political or religious decisions made by France. France s government was a royal colony (ruled by the king) and New France had to abide by the same government rules. Later, the Louisiana territory became a proprietary colony where it was ruled by one owner appointed by the king. French colonists also had no voice in religious practices. Although many Protestants played a role in the founding of New France, colonial life was being controlled by the Catholics. France was clever when developing relationships with the Native Americans. At first France tried to convert Native Americans to become Catholics but then decided to make alliances with them. This would later benefit France in many ways. Having natives help them establish fur trade routes and communicate with other native groups for trading proved to be the solution to boost economic growth for France. Another way Native Americans demonstrated their alliance was when France went to war with Britain. France was fortunate to have the Native Americans fighting alongside them! Think outside the box: Do you wonder what France did with all their furs? 15 Why do you think fur trade was so demanding back then?
Fill in the blank areas. France in the New World Cause and Effect Cause (why) Effect (what happened) Robert LaSalle discovered land up and down the Mississippi. The settlers had no political rights. The land was not fertile. France had more people fighting on their side and better communication when fur trading. Choose one cause and effect. Reflect on your thoughts about this and write about your thinking. 16
England in the New World England sent John Cabot, an Italian explorer, to claim land in America. He claimed much of the land in the northern part of America. Although he thought he was in Asia, his expedition was successful when he discovered cod-fishing grounds. Other brave journeys were made by the British Pilgrims and Puritans to obtain religious freedom. They were landing on the eastern coast of United States. England was a religious nation steadfast in the belief that all citizens were required to belong to the Church of England. The Pilgrims (who were not members of the Church of England) wanted freedom to practice their own religion. The Puritans wanted to purify or reform the Church of England. Both groups chanced their lives to sail to America to get away from the Church of England. Resources were plentiful in the territories claimed for England. The land was fertile for growing crops such as tobacco and rice. The waters provided an abundance of fish. In addition to these crops and fish being traded, they were also exported. The economic growth in the England territories began to soar! England s political and religious rights for their settlers were different than the other countries settling in the Americas. British settlers were allowed to set up their own governments and laws. They would hold meetings, elect representatives, and tax themselves. England allowed this self-government as long as the settlers didn t take up arms against the Crown. British colonists were also permitted to practice their own religion. They did not have to abide by the Church of England. Originally, England was friendly with the Native Americans. This was helpful for trading. Later greed got the best of some Englishmen. They wanted more than what the Native Americans were giving them. They Englishmen wanted to be more wealthy. This caused hostile conflicts with the Native Americans. How 17 would it have been different if England remained friendly with the natives?
England in the New World Fill in the graphic organizer in detail. Religion Resources Government England Settlements Native Americans 18
Test date European Settlements in North America Study Guide England They came for wealth and religious freedom. They were settling in eastern U.S. and Canada. Religion- Pilgrims- people who wanted to get away from the church of England Puritans- wanted to purify or reform the Church Government- They were allowed to set up their own governments, hold meetings, and tax themselves as long as they didn t take up arms against the Crown. Relationship with Native Americans- At first, English were friendly for trading but greed led to conflicts with them. Economic Opportunity- Farming, fishing, trading, exports of tobacco, rice, fish. European Settlements France They wanted to establish fur trade. They were settling in the middle of the U.S.- Louisiana Territory Religion- Catholics controlled the French colonial life Government-It was a royal colony- ruled by the king. Later, Louisiana was a proprietary colony- ruled by one owner appointed by the king. Citizens had no political rights. Relationship with Native Americans- The French tried to convert them to Catholicism. French settlers also became allies with the natives which helped with fur trading and wars with the British. Economic Opportunity- Fur Trade Spain They had a desire for more riches especially gold! They were settling in southern U.S. and Mexico Religion- Catholics only. Protestants were persecuted and driven out. Government- They were governed by viceroys (representative for the king). Settlers had to obey the laws and couldn t make their own. Relationship with Native Americans- Missions were formed to convert them to Christianity. Soldiers wanted to kill them. Spain was the first to use them as slaves in mines and plantations. Economic Opportunity- gold mining, sugarcane, tobacco, coffee, cocoa, cotton. 19
European Settlements Fill in the blank using the word bank and notes. gold Catholic eastern U.S. tobacco Puritans fur trade Pilgrims Mexico France religious freedom Protestants slaves royal colony England Spain 1. A is a government ruled by a king. 2. Spain s main reason for establishing a colony was to get more! 3. was the main economic opportunity in the French colonies. 4. Spain s colonies would only allow the religion. 5. The colonies from were allowed to set up their own government. 6. The wanted to reform the Church of England. 7. People traveled from England to the New World mainly for. 8. Spain had the first colonies that used Native Americans and Africans as. 9. is a crop that made money for both Spain and England. 20
10. The Spanish settled mainly in the southern U.S. and. 11. The wanted to get away from the Church of England. 12. In the Spanish colonies, were persecuted and driven out. 13. England mainly settled in. 14. set up missions to covert Natives to Christianity. 15. failed at keeping plantations successful. What do you know about the French alliances with Native Americans? Describe Spain s government. 21
European Territories North America in 1682 Directions: Shade in each numbered area and label it on the map key. Spain France England Canada 2. United States 3. 2. 1. Map Key 1. 1. Mexico 2. 3. 22
Comparing European Colonies Using all of the resources provided to fill in the triple Venn diagram below. Spain Spain and France Spain and England All France France and England England If you had a choice, in what country s settlement would you have liked to live? Why? 23
13 Original English Colonies Colonies New England Middle Southern Religion Region (land, water, climate) Economy (how did they make money?) Important Facts 24
Southern Colonies Learn how to do it right, Mr. Raleigh! I just don t think that Walter Raleigh knew the benefits of teaching his men to communicate with my people. I am a Native American and believe that we should have worked peacefully together. In 1585, Queen Elizabeth allowed Raleigh to send over 100 men from England to Roanoke Island (off the coast of North Carolina) after two of his explorers found it be a perfect place for a settlement. However, they were not friendly with my people in that area and even killed the chief! Since the explorers arrived too late to harvest crops and their supplies were dwindling, they went back home a year later. After they left, fifteen other men showed up with supplies and stayed in the fort. Raleigh was angry about the desertion and decided to hire Simon Fernandez to transport over 100 more people (including women and children) to start a more permanent settlement close by in Chesapeake Bay. First he instructed them to check on the men at the fort. John White was put in charge and brought his family along. Upon arrival in 1587, they found out the men in the fort were killed by some of my people. Fernandez demanded they settle in Roanoke Island instead of Chesapeake Bay because he wanted to get back to a dispute in Europe between Spain and England. The settlers followed Fernandez s orders despite the concern for their fate. Not long after getting settled in Roanoke Island, John White hesitantly left with Fernandez to get more supplies. They arrived in England to find out Spain had invaded England. It took England two years to defeat the Spanish and when White returned to Roanoke, he had a grave discovery. Nobody was there! It was like they disappeared into thin air! The word CROATOAN was carved on a tree nearby. Croatoan was a local tribe. He desperately went to find the Croatoan village, but a hurricane arose which forced him to return to England. White never got to see his family again because the funds weren t there for more exploration. They called it The Lost Colony. Do you think my people were to blame? 25
Twenty years later in 1607, a group of over 100 men landed on the banks of Virginia s James River which was not healthy to drink. They were immediately attacked by some of my people but were determined to stay. Their leader, John Smith, ordered them to build a fort for protection. However, a severe winter pounded their settlement. They were running out of food and getting sick. Only 60 men endured all these hardships and they trudged on to establish Jamestown, America s first permanent English colony! Captain Smith and other men went in search of food when Smith was captured and taken to Chief Powhatan s home. He was the chief of the whole Powhatan nation. That is where I come in. I am Pocahontas, Chief Powhatan s daughter. My father treated me like I was his princess. When I couldn t bear to see the Powhatans execute Captain Smith, I threw myself over him and demanded peace. My father spared his life. I befriended the Jamestown settlers and was known for being playful, bringing food, and warning them of ambushes. The settlers started to grow tobacco which turned into a profitable business. They traded with many of my father s tribes and exported the tobacco to England. Captain Smith returned to England in 1609 when he became ill, and I stopped visiting the settlement. Then the relations between the settlers and the Powhatan nation weakened. Four years later, I heard that John Smith had died and I came back to visit Jamestown. I was imprisoned because my father had some of their men and weapons! He only returned a portion of them so they moved me to another settlement and converted me to Christianity. That is where I met my husband John Rolfe. I again encouraged peace between the English and Native Americans. In addition to Virginia, Maryland, Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina were being colonized. The south had a long growing season, mild weather, fertile land, and plenty of rain. Tobacco along with rice and indigo (used to make blue dye) were the most profitable crops which resulted in more plantations. 1619 was a big year in Jamestown. The first elected assembly was established. It was called the House of Burgesses. Then African American workers, called indentured servants, arrived by boat to work a plot of land to later own it. Other indentured servants came to work to pay for their voyage to the New World. Workers were needed in the Southern Colonies because they relied on cash crops to boost their economy. Slavery also became prevalent in the south. The settlers in the south first put my people into slavery but we started to die off from being overworked and coming down with diseases. That is when they went to Africa and captured people to work for them! My forever wish was peace between all the people in America. 26
Fill in the blanks with the word bank. Lost Colony Spain Walter Raleigh John White hurricane food Croatoan disappeared Roanoke Island North Carolina starvation the Lost Colony England s first attempt to build a colony was. It was located off the coast of. Queen Elizabeth gave permission to send a group of men there to establish a settlement. Winter came quickly and they couldn t grow. They were also running out of supplies. They returned to England without Raleigh s consent because of. Raleigh sent with another group to form a settlement. This time Ralleigh included women and children. White went back to England for more supplies, but arrived to England at war with. He couldn t return for two years. When he got back to Roanoke, everyone had. The word was carved in the abandoned settlement. White tried to find his family, but a caused him to go back to England. Since nobody knows what happened to the settlers, they call it. Inference: What do you think happened to the settlers of Roanoke? 27
Jamestown Answer the following questions in complete sentences. tobacco 1. In 1607, where did the three English ships carrying over 100 colonists first land? 2. Why do you think the river wasn t healthy to drink? 3. What were 3 causes of men dying in Jamestown? 4. Who did the settlers elect as their leader? 5. What was the effect of Pocahontas coming into John Smith s life? 6. Why did tobacco become Jamestown s first cash crop? 7. Who were the two types of workers brought to Americas? 8. Why were these workers brought mainly to the southern colonies? 9. Why was the House of Burgesses formed? 10. What do you think would have happened if peace would have remained between the settlers and the Powhatan nation? 28
New England Colonies Duck for cover! The high winds just blew over the sail and the storms are making our ship rock back and forth. That is what happened to my family on the Mayflower back in 1620. My parents had to find ways to protect themselves during bad weather. They also had to live on salted beef, dried biscuits called hard tack, and other dried vegetables until they were able to cook on the deck. It took over two months to sail from England to the New World. We were lucky though. There were over a hundred of us and only one death occurred. There was also one baby born on our journey. It was me! I was born on the Mayflower! My parents named me Oceanus Hopkins. Some of us on board were Separatists, or Pilgrims. We were coming to the New World for religious freedom. In England, you had to belong to the Church of England. We wanted to separate ourselves from that rule and worship our own way. That is how our adventure began. We planned to settle close to Jamestown, Virginia since they have had an established settlement for thirteen years. Then the storm hit and caused our ship to get off course. We landed in Cape Cod instead. This was much farther north! We traveled across Massachusetts Bay to a rocky harbor called Plymouth. There was a humungous rock that we named Plymouth Rock that still sits there today! We decided to stay and establish our own colony. Since our colony was not within the jurisdiction of Jamestown, we decided to create a self-government. We took a majority vote and later had town meetings and elected representatives. We had a Meeting House in the center of town for church and meetings. My parents signed the Mayflower Compact. This was a way to keep order and develop laws for the new colony. It showed our loyalty to the King and it was the very first written constitution and the beginning of democracy in the New World. 29
Living in this New World was a very tough adjustment. Half of our friends died from the harsh weather, starvation, and disease. Then a miracle happened! A Native American named Samoset showed up and spoke English! He later brought Squanto and they became our first Native American friends. Squanto taught us how to hunt local animals, gather shellfish, extract sap from maple trees, and grow crops like beans, corn, and squash. Even with our rocky soil, he showed us how to keep the crops alive by fertilizing with dead fish! We would have never thought to do that! He also taught us which plants were poisonous and helped us form an alliance with the local Wampanoag tribe. With the abundance of food and no longer starving, we celebrated our first Thanksgiving in our colony. Since we were a religious community, Thanksgiving was a term we used for prayer and fasting (not eating). We were grateful to be alive and for Squanto s generosity. After our first successful harvest in the fall of 1621, Governor William Bradford held a celebration feast. We wanted to share our harvest of food with the Wampanoags so we invited Squanto, Chief Massasoit, and 90 Wampanoags. Our celebration lasted three days! This began a tradition in America that you call Thanksgiving! Along with our colony, Massachusetts Bay, more colonies were starting to be established in New England. They were Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire. Our economy mostly thrived on ship building, fur trading, fishing, and whale hunting. We were fortunate to have ocean waters, fertile soil, forests, and rivers that ran fast to make power for the mills. It is so exciting to hear my parents tell the story of my birth on the Mayflower! They were so brave to come to this New World to make a better place for me. They had to start from scratch to build up such a productive settlement. Now, hundreds of years later, it is still thriving! 30
Fill in the blanks with the word bank. Plymouth Mayflower Compact disease Samoset Poor living conditions Pilgrims Oceanus Cold weather Squanto Plymouth Mayflower Cape Cod In 1620, came to the New World in search of religious freedom. They crowded over 100 people into a small ship called the. A baby named was born on the voyage. Storms took them off course and instead of landing in Jamestown, they landed farther north at. They chose to settle in a rocky harbor called. There were no laws so they made a plan of government called. In the first three months, half of them died because of,, and. Then came and welcomed them. This began a period of friendly relations with Native Americans. Another native named showed them how to hunt, fish, and grow crops in the New World. Inference: Why was the baby called Oceanus? What do you think may have happened if Squanto hadn t come to their settlement? _ 31 _
Middle Colonies Let me go! I should not be arrested and put into prison for practicing the Quaker religion! I realize that I live in England and should worship with the Church of England, but seriously! My name is William Penn and even my father has a hard time accepting the fact that I am a Quaker. As a Quaker, we obey the inner light, which we believe to come directly from God. We refuse to bow or take off our hats to other men, and we will not take up arms. Once I got out of prison, I knew I needed a new plan. Since even the Puritans in the New England colonies didn t accept us, King Charles II decided in 1681 to give me land in the New World that was southwest of New Jersey, He did this because he owed my deceased father for a loan. I thought I would call the new land Sylvania which means woods but later called it Pennsylvania. In this new land, I guaranteed free and fair trial by jury, freedom from unjust imprisonments, as well as freedom of religion and elections. This brought a wide variety of nations and people to my land. Other Middle Colonies were New Jersey, New York, and Delaware. This middle zone was truly in the middle of the 13 colonies. We had some ship building, like New England, and some large farms like the Southern plantations. We were fortunate to have rivers, forests, rich farm lands, and fertile soil. We were most known for producing iron and being the bread basket colony. We produced wheat and used wind mills to mill flour for bread. Since we were centrally located, we were a very important distribution center. We were able to ship imports out to the other colonies. That s why New York and Philadelphia grew at amazing rates! I worked to have a good relationship with the Native Americans which would prove to be a smart choice. I tried to learn their languages so we could communicate which helped their willingness to trade. I was once quoted as saying, We meet on the broad pathway of good faith and good-will; no advantage shall be taken on either side, but all shall be openness and love. We are the same as if one 32 man s body was to be divided into two parts; we are of one flesh and one blood. P.Olivieri ( Rockin Resources)
MIDDLE COLONIES Answer the following questions in complete sentences. freedom of 1. Why was William Penn arrested in England? 2. Why did King Charles II give William land in the New World? 3. How did William come up with the name Pennsylvania for the new land? 4. What attracted people to Pennsylvania? 5. What features did the middle colonies have in common with the Southern colonies? 6. Why was the middle colonies called the bread basket colony? 7. Why do you think New York became a leading city so quickly? 8. Explain William s quote. 33
13 Colonies Timeline Project Due Date 1. Choose ten dates related to the 13 Colonies. 2. Find a digital picture related to the 13 colonies and download it onto your computer. (Right click, save as) 3. Go to www.timetoast.com and create a user name and password. Have your email or parent s email ready. 4. Using the website, create a title and a picture you downloaded earlier for your timeline. 5. From your ten dates chosen, create a time span. (There is a link to click) 6. Next, add each of your events: type in your years, (months and days are not required for this timeline), a title for each date, and a brief explanation. 7. Add either a web link to an illustration or insert a picture to represent each event. 8. Check over your mechanics! (Spelling, capitalization, usage, punctuation) 9. Click view this timeline 10. Copy your browser link and share it with your teacher. 4 3 2 1 TITLE AND PICTURE Both are evident and match the project Title is evident but picture doesn t match. Missing the title or picture. Missing the title and picture. TIME SPAN Makes sense to the era. Time span included but needs adjusted. Time span included but needs reconfigured. No time span included. DATES All 10 dates are shown and make sense. 8-9 dates included that make sense. 6-7 dates included that make sense. 5 or less dates included that make sense. TITLE OF EVENTS All 10 events included are directly related to the era. 8-9 events are directly related to the era. 6-7 events are directly related to the era. 5 or less events are directly related to the era. DESCRIPTION OF EVENTS All 10 descriptions are clear and thorough. 8-9 descriptions are clear and thorough. 6-7 descriptions are clear and thorough. 5 or less descriptions are clear and thorough. PICTURE OR LINKS All 10 events include a picture or link related to it. 8-9 events include a picture or link related to event. 6-7 events include a picture or link related to event. 5 or less events include a picture or link related to event. MECHANICS Timeline is free of errors. Total Points Comments: There are a few errors. There are many errors. Very difficult to read and understand.. 34
The Triangular Trade Route Color the trade routes. Then color them again in the map key and list the items traded on that route. North America Europe Africa South America Items traded: What are your thoughts about this trade route? _ 35
Triangular Trade Routes You are the captain on a ship in a common triangular trade route! Although many ships only traveled one part of the trip, you are asked to make the full route. Your ship set sail from England and you are traveling South. Use the triangular trade routes map and fill in the blanks with the correct word from the word bank below to complete your journey. hunger thirst gold Middle Passage West Africa guns captive Africans Americas tobacco sugar England disease horses cruel treatment 1. What 2 items do you have on board to trade? 2. Where did you first land? 3. You traded these goods for and. 4. Then your ship sailed for the. 5. This second leg of your voyage was known as the. 6. Many of the captive Africans died during this part of the trip because of,,, and. 7. In the colonial ports, your ship exchanged captive Africans and gold for and. 8. The ship completed the triangle by carrying these goods back to. Land ho!!!!!! You are back where you started! You completed the triangle trade! 36
Triangular Trade Routes Now that you have completed your journey, you get out your journal to reflect on your adventure. Include enough details so that future people will learn from your experience! The relationships among the Native Americans, Europeans and Africans during trade were tense. This triangle trade impacted the economy of North America! 37
Test Date Study Guide for Colonization 13 Original English Colonies New England Middle Southern Colonies Massachusetts Bay Connecticut Rhode Island New Hampshire New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Virginia, Georgia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Religion Pilgrims and Puritans Many religions Catholics and Protestants Region (land, water, climate) Economy (how did they make money?) Important Facts Rivers and streams not good for navigating but they ran fast to produce power for mills Ship building Fur trading Fish whales Meeting House important building in center of town for church and meetings 1620- Pilgrims landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Mayflower Compact- the start of democracy (making rules- everyone has equal say) 1621- First Thanksgiving in Plymouth. Colonists became friends with Native Americans. Squanto interpreted and taught them how to grow food. Pilgrims invited them to a 3-day feast to show thanks. Rivers Forests Rich farm lands Wheat -by using wind mills and ship to other colonies, Iron for tools, Ship imports William Penn- Quaker who believed they should live peacefully with Natives. Ben Franklinscientist, inventor, writer. 1 st book- Poor Richard s Almanac Long growing season Mild weather Rich lands Lots of rain Cash crops Rice Tobacco (first cash crop) Indigo- used to make blue dye Slaves worked on plantations. Lost Colony- Roanoke- Raleigh sent a group there but they returned starving. White took another group there and went back for supplies. He didn t return for 3 years due to a war and there was no one there when he returned. Jamestown-1607- Virginia Work done by Indentured servants who agreed to work to pay off voyage to America. Town was built on swampy landnot good for farming or drinking water. People were starving and getting sick. John Smith- great leader who forced people to help. He got captured but saved by Pocahontas. House of Burgesses was used for government. 38
Study Guide for Colonization (cont.) What were the relationships among the Native Americans, Europeans and Africans during trade? Europeans needed Natives for communication and growing crops. Europeans needed Africans to tend to their crops. They were forced to work. How did this triangle trade impact the economy of North America? 1. Provided plantation owners with skilled workers 2. The slaves brought agriculture & mining skills learned in Africa to the Americas 3. Made money from selling rum, tobacco, indigo and rice to Europeans in exchange for slaves 39