American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 3 (4): 656-66, 008 ISSN 1818-6769 IDOSI Publicaions, 008 Analysis of Egypian Grapes Marke Shares in he World Markes Hamdi A. El- Sawalhy, Mohamed G.M. Abou El-Azayem and Ezza A. Zaghloul Deparmen of Agriculural Economics, Naional Research Cenre, Dokki, Giza, Egyp Absrac: The main expored counries of grapes hrough he period 001-006 were Chile, Ialy, Souh Africa, Neherlands, Turkey, Spain and Greece. While he main impored counries hrough he same period were Germany, Unied Kingdom, Neherlands, France, Belgium and Saudi Arabia. Grapes is considered one of he promising expored crops in Egyp. The expored quaniies of he Egypian grapes is sill 1.4% of he oal grapes producion hrough he period 001-006. The presen sudy aims mainly a idenifying he main facors affecing foreign counries impors of he Egypian grapes. The sudy focuses on mehods of esimaing he price demand elasiciy for he purchases of grapes by, Unied Kingdom, Neherlands, Ialy, Saudi Arabia. Three models for esimaing expor demand for Egypian grapes are applied; he direc model, he subsiuion model and he marke share model. Each model deals wih Egypian grapes as a final produc. I could be concluded ha Egypian grapes sill have he poenialiies o increase is expors in boh Neherlands and Unied Kingdom markes. The resuls obained from he direc model showed ha Neherlands marke is he mos sensiive marke o he impors price of he grapes as he price elasiciy was elasic followed by Saudian marke. long-run elasiciies indicaed ha Egypian grapes encouner high compeiion in erms of price sensiiviy in all he sudied marke. This resul implied ha he price play a key facor o compee in hese markes. Consequenly, he Egypian policy makers have o ake an aenion o he impac of he price in all impored marke. Key words: Grapes marke share subsiuion elasiciy and parial adusmen coefficien INTRODUCTION oal producion hrough he period 001-006. There are relaively lile published researches on expor Agriculural rade plays an essenial role in he demand for Egypian grapes. As Aiff and Salah [1] Egypian economy. Since he middle of 1990s he concluded ha he expor price for Egypian grapes agriculural expors have increased slowly while he reached o abou 61.9% of he average world price impors have increased dramaically. Such phenomenon during he period (1990-1995). Where he exporing price leads o chronic defici in agriculural rade balance. of he Turkish grapes reached o abou 54.5% of he As a resul, he agriculural expors/impors raio was average world price during he same period. The average 35% in 006. Consequenly, he policy of agriculural world price for expors of grapes was deermined by he developmen is paying an aenion o he magniude of price of Spain, Ialy, Greece, Unied Saes and Turkey. maximizaion of agriculural expors depending upon Soheir [] clear ha a high degree of compeiion beween keeping he radiional markes and opening new Egypian grapes and Turkey in he impored markes. markes. Such obecive can be achieved by opimizing he Samah and Mohamed [3] concluded ha Egyp has a employmen of comparaive advanages and growing he comparaive advanage wih respec o price over each compeiive advanages of agriculural producs. of Morocco and Cyprus as a main impored markes. Widening he diversiy of exporable agriculural The presen sudy concerns wih analyzing he expor producs especially non-radiional crops is a key demand of Egypian grapes -wih shell in he maor facor of increasing agriculural expors. Grapes is one impor markes. Three models were adoped; he direc of he promising exporable and one of he maor frui model, he subsiuion elasiciy model and marke crop in Egyp. Alhough Egyp produced abou 1.48 shares model in order o esimae impor demand million on, grapes expors accouned only 1.4% of he elasiciies in he seleced markes. Corresponding Auhor: Dr. Hamdi A. El-Sawalhy, Deparmen of Agriculural Economics, Naional Research Cenre, Dokki, Giza, Egyp 656
Obecives: Now, he quesion is how can Egyp enhance on he regression coefficien of price is hypohesized o he grapes expors? Saring from his poin, he presen be negaive, as is ha on lagged producion. The price paper sheds a spo ligh on he impor markes and elasiciy can be direcly esimaed from he coefficien of subsiuion relaions beween Egyp and is compeiors P in logarihmic form, Michael and David [8]. in hese markes. The presen sudy aims mainly a idenifying he. Subsiuion Elasiciy Model: The elasiciy of key facors ha may affec foreign demand of Egypian subsiuion beween Egyp and maor compeiors in an grapes as well as esimaing heir effecs on Egypian individual imporing marke can be deermined by he expors of grapes. The sudy focuses mosly on he price following equaion: elasiciy of foreign demand. Q E P E Daa: The daa includes of Egypian grapes marke = f, T Q i P i share in maor impored counries; Unied Kingdom, Neherlands, Ialy and Saudi Arabia. The daa also include he compeiors expor quaniies and prices o he Where Q E is he quaniy of grapes expored from menioned markes during he period 1995-006. Daa Egyp o he marke in year ; Q i is he quaniy of grapes were colleced from websies of Food and Agriculural expored by a compeior i o he marke ; P Ei is he price Organizaion (FAO), World Trade Organizaion (WTO) of Egypian expor of grapes o he marke ; P i is he price and www.comrade.un.org of compeior i supplies o he marke ; T is he ime facor. The sign on he regression coefficien of price raio Analyical Framework: Three models for esimaing is hypohesized o be negaive according o he economic expor demand for Egypian grapes are applied; he heory. The elasiciy of subsiuion can be esimaed direc model, he subsiuion model and he marke share simply from he coefficien of he price raio in logarihmic model. Each model deals wih Egypian grapes as a final form. The esimaed elasiciy of subsiuion reflecs he produc. The coss of ransporaions are omied for wo shor-run elasiciy raher han he long-run elasiciy as reasons: firsly, due o he assumpion ha he coss of he observed elasiciy relaes o one year lengh [9]. uni ransporaion remain unchanged for a specified period; Secondly, o overcome he difficulies of obaining 3. Marke Share Model: Marke share model concerns he daa. All he prices are convered o real prices by wih he formulaion of he model and esimaion of aking year 1995 as he base year. All models were elasiciies of marke shares in boh shor-run and longesimaed in he double logarihmic form using ordinary run wih respec o he price raio. The dependen variable leas squares (OLS) echnique. is he Egypian grapes marke share. Then: 1. Direc Model: The direc model esimaes he demand QE PE of grapes impors in a given counry. The GDP is = f, T Q P omied from consideraion due o he fac ha he income (1) facor has a diminuive impac on non-processed food impors. Where: Q is a oal grapes impor of he marke ; Po is he average price of all compeiors in he same marke. Q = f ( P, M 1, T) I is desirable o apply he disribued lag mechanism on equaion (1) because responses o price are gradual raher Where; Q is he quaniy of grapes impored in a year ; han insananeous [10]. In he presen applicaion: P is he average price of grapes impored by ha counry from all suppliers in year ; M * -1 is he domesic producion QE PE in ha counry in year -1; T is he ime. This model has = f, T Q P been used exensively in remendous researches such as () Abbo [4], Capel and Rigaux [5] and Hyun and Won [6] and Aspermon and Vare [7]. The menioned variables are * QE hypohesized o have valuable imporance for explaining Where is he desired/ opimal long run he impors of grapes in each individual marke. The sign Q 657
* E marke share. There is no error here since Q is no Q sochasic. We suppose acual marke share aduss slowly owards is desired raio. Then: * QE QE Q E QE = Q Q Q Q 1 1 Q P Q ( 1 ) Q P Q E E E = 0 + 1 + Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 3 (4): 656-66, 008 1 (3) Where is he parial adusmen fracion? The linear esimaing equaion hen becomes: (4) Table 1: Disribuion of Egypian grapes expors o foreign markes during 001-006 Quaniy % of he oal Egypian marke share expored quaniy --------------------------------------- Marke 000 on expored Min Year Maxim Year Unied Kingdom 9.55 45.78 3.3% 1997 5.7% 006 Neherlands 5.74 7.5 0.9% 1998 4.0% 005 Ialy 1.9 9.0.1% 1995 3.5% 006 Saudi Arabia 0.96 4.60 0.5% 1999 6.0% 004 Kuwai 0.75 3.59 0.3% 003 1.5% 000 Germany 0.56.69 0.1% 1997 0.8% 005 Belgium 0.51.44 0.% 1996 1.7% 00 Ohers 0.87 4.17 Toal 0.86 100 Source: Cenral agency for public mobilizaion and saisics, annual rade saisics, various issues, Cairo, Egyp 007. by esimaing he parameers of he regressors in he logarihmic form, hen i becomes: Q P Q ln ln( ) ln ( 1 ) ln Q P Q E E E = 0 + 1 + 1 This equaion is he parial adusmen model for Nerlove [11]. While 1- is known, he shor run elasiciy of he price raio can be simply equal 1. On he oher hand, Johnson [1], menioned ha he long-run elasiciy of marke share wih respond o price raio is equal o 1. Empirical Resuls: The main exporers of grapes hrough he period 001-006 were Chile, Ialy, Souh Africa, Neherlands, Turkey, Spain and Greece. While he main imporers hrough he same period were Germany, Unied Kingdom, Neherlands, France, Belgium and Saudi Arabia. Four imporer markes were seleced on he base of he magniude and loyaly of imporing Egypian grapes which were Unied Kingdom, Neherlands, Ialy and Saudi Arabia. During he period (001 006) Unied Kingdom impored abou 45.78 percen on average of he oal expors of Egypian grapes followed by Neherlands marke by 7.5 percen, Ialian marke by 9. percen and Saudi Arabia marke by 4.46 percen. Then, he menion markes impor abou 87.1 percen on average of he oal expors of Egypian grapes during he menioned period (Table1). There are noable variaions in each individual marke over he period (1995-006). Briish marke had been loyal o Egypian grapes wih noable variaions (5) during 1995-1999. Once more, Briish impors of Egypian grapes had been increased since year 000 unil 006 wih only small variaion as he marke share reached abou 5.7% Such resul implied ha he Egypian grapes is sill having poenialiy o be increased in he Briish marke. Ialian marke showed a sable marke share wih minimum variaion 1.% ranged beween.1% in 1995 o 3.5% in year 006. On he oher hand, such marke share winessed a coninuous increase during he period (001-006). As a resul, Egyp is sill having he poenialiy o increase is marke share in he Ialian marke. Regarding o Neherlands marke, Egypian expor share of grapes showed significan flucuaions in 1990s. Meanwhile, he Egypian marke share showed small variance during he period 1998 o 001 and coninue he increasing during (000-006). Such marke share reached he maximum in 005 by 4.0%. Regarding o Saudian marke, Egypian expor share of grapes showed significan flucuaions in 1990s. Saudi Arabia impors of Egypian grapes has been increased since year 001 unil 006 wih only small variaion as he marke share reached abou 6%. Such resul implied ha he Egypian grapes is sill having poenialiy o be increased in he Saudian marke. The main facors of compeiion in he world markes of grapes are ime of expor, expor prices of compeiors and qualiy of he produc. Figure 1 showed ha Egypian grapes expors of hrough may o Sepember every year. The main compeiors ha expor grapes hrough ha period were Chile, Greece, Morocco, Spain, Germany, U S A, Turkey, Syria, Neherlands and Ialy. Souh Africa, Brazil and Argenina are no ime expor compeiors for Egyp. 658
Counry Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oc Nov Dec Egyp Chile Greece Morocco Spain Germany U S A Turkey Syria Neherlands Ialy Souh Africa Brazil Argenina Fig. 1: Counry expor monhs for Grapes in he world markes Source: Union of Producing and Exporing Horiculural Crops, Cairo, Egyp 006. Table : Compeiors Expor Prices of grapes in Briish and Neherlands markes on average of he period 001-006 Briish marke Neherlands marke ------------------------- -------------------------- Expor % of Expor % of Price Briish price Neherlands Counry $ on impor price Counry $ on impor price Egyp 183 96.3 Egyp 133 93.0 Chile 173 90.6 Souh Africa 1730 130.6 Greece 181 114.7 Chile 1675 16.4 Spain 1803 94.8 Turkey 945 71.3 Neherlands 1885 99.1 Ialy 1079 81.4 Souh Africa 050 107.8 Greece 118 91.9 U S A 3 116.9 Brazil 1587 119.8 Turkey 1450 76. Germany 134 101.3 Ialy 1970 103.6 Germany 180 95.7 Average impor 190 100 Average 135 100 price of Briish impor price of Neherlands Source: FAO Inerne Sie, hp://www.fao.org Spain 1560 101.6 Chile 99 104.0 France 174 113.4 Souh Africa 1011 113. Neherlands 1866 11.5 Ialy 960 107.5 Souh Africa 1911 14.4 Syria 741 83.0 Greece 1500 97.7 Lebanon 80 89.8 Chile 1759 114.5 Turkey 800 89.5 Average impor Average impor price of Ialian 1536 100 price of Saudian 893 100 Source: FAO Inerne Sie, hp://www.fao.org Regarding o price compeiion in he Briish marke, Table show ha he expor price of Egypian grapes is compeiive for expor prices of Greece, Neherlands, U S A and Ialy, bu no compeiive for grapes expor prices of Chile, Spain, Turkey and Germany. In Neherlands marke, he expor price of Egypian grapes is compeiive for expor prices of Chile and Germany, bu no compeiive for grapes expor prices of Turkey, Ialy and Greece. In Ialian marke, Table 3 show ha he expor price of Egypian grapes is compeiive for expor prices of Spain, France, Neherlands, Greece and Chile, bu no compeiive for grapes expor prices of Turkey. In Saudian marke, Table 3 show ha he expor price of Egypian grapes is compeiive for expor prices of Chile and Ialy, bu no compeiive for grapes expor prices of Iran, Syria, Turkey and Lebanon. 1-Resuls of he direc model: The resuls represened in Table 3: Compeiors Expor Prices of grapes in Ialian and Saudian markes on average of he period 001-006 Table 4 show ha Neherlands marke is he mos sensiive marke o he impors price of he grapes as he Ialian marke Saudian marke price elasiciy was -3.08 implying ha 10 percen increase ------------------------- -------------------------- of he impor price may lead o abou 30 percen decrease Expor % of Expor % of in quaniy impors of grapes. Similarly, he price elasiciy price Ialian price Saudian Counry $ on impor price Counry $ on impor price of Briish marke was elasic by -.49 and Saudian Egyp 174 8.9 Egyp 815 91.1 marke was -1.16. On he oher hand, he price elasiciy of Turkey 1149 74.8 Iran 736 8.4 Ialian marke was inelasic by -0.66. All menioned price elasiciies were significan a 0.01. According o he producion, he lagged producion is absen in Saudian marke due o he fac ha here is no grapes producion. In addiion, here was significan impac of lagged producion variable on he impors in he Briish, Neherlands and Ialian markes. The effec of he ime variable no proved in all sudied markes. 659
Table 4: Direc Model of Demand for Grapes in he seleced Markes Lagged Marke consan Price producion ime R D.W Unied Kingdom 10.78 -.49 0.968 0.033 0.7 1.81 (8.9**) (-4.55**) (.8*) (1.06) Neherlands 6.13-3.08 0.67 0.09 0.84 1.35 (7.58**) (9.11**) (1.98*) (0.151) Ialy 1.17-0.66-0.3 0.08 0.67 1.58 (3.6**) (-5.1**) (3.18**) (0.467) Saudi Arabia 0.36-1.16-0.04 0.58. (.48*) (-3.54**) - (0.395) saisics values in parenheses * = significan a level 0.05 ** = significan a level 0.01 Source: Compued from he direc model. Table 5: Subsiuion Elasiciy Model for Grapes in he seleced Markes Price Marke Compeiors Cconsan Raio Time R D.W Unied Kingdom Turkey -4.98 -.76.55 0.88 1.5 (-8.7**) (-6.34**) (.67*) Chile -1.47-1.50 1.31 0.75 1.94 (-1.5) (-3.14**) (.56*) Greece -6.70-1.8 1.45 0.8 1.63 (-.99**) (-4.05**) (1.75) Spain -3.18-1.79 3.73 0.57 1.48 (-9.5**) (-5.14**) (.06) Ialy -.6-0.65 0.87 0.64 1.31 (-.47*) (-.68*) (3.9**) Neherlands Ialy.56-1.09 3.7 0.46 1.67 (3.86**) (-.98*) (5.16**) Turkey -3.19-3.41 4.38 0.78 1.38 (-8.7**) (-548**) (.76*) Chile 1.69 -.6 1.96 0.71.07 (.11) (-4.73**) (3.55**) Greece 7.85-0.94 5.15 0.65 1.89 (4.4**) (-1.85) (.3*) Ialy Turkey 1.49 -.01 6.84 0.6 1.95 (7.34**) (-5.1**) (3.95**) Spain -6.36-1.54.16 0.39.6 (-.90**) (-3.63**) 0.69 Chile 1.75-4.13 0.65 0.76 1.80 (6.66**) (-3.85**) 1.8 Neherlands 3.44-0.98 1.37 0.51.33 (5.18**) (-1.7) (.97**) Sudia Arabia Syria 1.36-1.95 0.77 0.4 1.87 (0.85) (-4.88**) (1.3) Iran 7.44-5.1.14 0.66 1.1 (.91**) (-7.7**) (1.56) Ialy 3.17-0.91 0.9 0.75 1.63 (1.34) (-1.0) (1.58) Turkey.60-1.46 0.68 0.46. (0.38) (-3.07**) (.49) saisics values in parenheses * = significan a level 0.05 ** = significan a level 0.01 Source: Compued from Subsiuion model. The deerminaion coefficien R is ranged beween 0.58 and 0.84 indicaing ha he impor prices, lagged producion and ime facor explain abou 58% o 84% of he oal variance of he oal quaniy of impored grapes in he seleced markes. - Resuls of elasiciy of subsiuion model: Resuls from his model are represened in Table 5. The model was applied four imes in he four seleced markes. The elasiciy of subsiuion model inroduces a measurable relaion beween he price raio (expor price of Egypian grapes divided by he price of each rival in a specific marke) and he quaniy raio. Regarding he Briish marke, here are five rivals ha compee wih Egyp in his marke; Turkey, Chile, Greece, Spain and Ialy. The signs of price raio elasiciies are negaive in all models as expeced. The resuls also implied ha Turkey is he mos sensiive compeior o he Egypian price as 10 percen decrease in he price raio may lead o 7.6 increases in raio impored quaniies (Egyp divided by Turkey).Furhermore, he subsiuion price elasiciy of Greece is also elasic by -1.8 which is significan a level 0.01. The variable ha represens he ime facor was significan a 0.05. The deerminaion coefficien indicaed ha price raio and ime facor explain 74 percen of he oal variance of oal impored quaniy of grapes in he Briish marke. In Neherlands marke, Ialy Turkey, Chile and Greece are he rivals counries in such marke. Turkey showed high sensiive price elasiciy of subsiuion by -3.41 indicaing ha 10 percen in price raio decrease may lead o 34 percen increase in he subsiuion quaniy raio (Egyp/ Turkey). Such elasiciy was significan a 0.01. Furhermore, he price raio and ime facor explain abou 78 percen of he oal variance of he impored quaniy raio. On he oher hand, he significance of he subsiuion elasiciy model regarding Greece was no proved. There are four counries compee wih Egyp in Ialian marke; Turkey, Spain, Chile and Neherlands. The resuls confirmed ha Chile is he mos sensiive compeior o he price raio as he elasiciy was -4.13 which is significan a level 0.01. The price raio and ime explain abou 76 percen of he oal variance of he raio of impored quaniies. By he conrary, he impac of he ime facor was no proved. The resul also implied ha he significance of he subsiuion model of Turkey and Spain. Moreover, Durbin-Wason es for auocorrelaion forunaely indicaed ha here were no auocorrelaions in all markes models. 660
Table 6: Marke share of Egypian Grapes in he Seleced markes Table 7: Shor-run and long-run elasiciies of Egypian Grapes share in Price Lagged seleced markes Marke Consan Raio share Time R Durbin s h Elasiciy Parial Unied Kingdom -6.3-3.74 0.75 1.97 0.88 3.61 ---------------------------------------- Adusmen (-.38*) (-.96**) (5.43**) (.45*) Marke Shor-Run Long-Run coefficien. Neherlands -1.96-3.08 0.56 1.83 0.81 4.8 Unied Kingdom -4.48-3.68 0.77 (-.76*) (-4.1**) (3.35**) (3.6**) Neherlands -5.76-4. 0.63 Ialy -4.61 -.19 0.9 1.4 0.73 9.59 Ialy -1.91 -.53 0.8 (-3.55**) (-6.11**) (.6*) (.9**) Saudi Arabia -1.6 -.17 0.49 Saudi Arabia -0.83-3.5 0.46 1.01 0.65 5.45 Source: Compued from marke share model (-1.36) (-3.85**) (0.91) (1.95) saisics values in parenheses * = significan a level 0.05 ** = significan a level 0.01 Source: Compued from marke share model. Regarding he Saudian marke, here are four rivals ha compee wih Egyp in his marke; Syria, Iran, Ialy and Turkey. The signs of price raio elasiciies are negaive in all models as expeced. The resuls also implied ha Iran is he mos sensiive compeior o he Egypian price as 10 percen decrease in he price raio may lead o 5.1 percen increases in raio impored quaniies (Egyp divided by Iran).Furhermore, he subsiuion price elasiciy of Syria is also elasic by -1.95 which is significan a level 0.01. The subsiuion price elasiciy of Turkey is also elasic by -1.46 and significan a level 0.01. The subsiuion price elasiciy of Ialy is inelasic by -0.91. By he conrary, he significance of he price raio for Ialy was no proved. The variable ha represens he ime facor was no significan. The deerminaion coefficien indicaed ha price raio and ime facor explain 6 percen of he oal variance of oal impored quaniy of grapes in he Saudian marke. In conclusion, he policy makers have o pay an aenion o he impac of he price in all impored markes. The resuls confirmed ha Egyp can increase he grapes expor by decreasing he prices in he menioned markes. Neverheless, Egyp can win addiional marke share in he sudied markes. 3. Resuls of Marke share model: Resuls from equaion (5) are shown in Table 6. The coefficiens of he price raio are negaive as expeced and significan in all markes. Briish marke showed a highes price elasiciy as 10 percen decrease in price raio (Egypian price over he average price of he compeiors) may lead o increase he Egypian expors o he Briish marke over he compeior by 37.4 percen. Saudian, Neherlands and Ialian markes showed a high price elasiciy as 10 percen decrease in price raio (Egypian price over he average price of he compeiors) may lead o increase he Egypian expors o he Saudian and Neherlands marke over he compeior by 3.5 and 30.8 percen and Ialian marke by 1.9 percen. Lagged share signs are posiive as expeced in all models and i were significan in all markes excep in Saudian marke. Moreover, he coefficien of ime facor was posiive and significan in all markes excep in Saudian marke. The deerminaion coefficien ranged from 0.65 o 0.88 implying ha he price raio, lagged share and ime facors explain abou 65 o 88 percen of he oal variance of he Egypian share in he seleced markes. The auocorrelaion can no be esed by Durbin- Wason (D.W) es due o he violaion of he assumpion of a non-sochasic X marix, which is violaed by he presence of lagged values of he dependen variable impeded among he explanaory variables. So, we can es i by using Durbin s h. [1]. Resuls of he Durbin s h es indicaed ha here is no auocorrelaion for all markes. Table 7 showed ha all elasiciies in boh shor-run and long-run are elasic. Accordingly, a 1 percen decrease in he relaive price raio of Egypian grapes in ha of compeiors will lead o more han a 1 percen increase in he Egypian grapes share in each marke. One can conclude ha here are high compeiions in grapes impored from Egyp in he menioned markes. In addiion, he resuls of long-run elasiciies showed in Table 7 confirmed ha Egypian grapes encouner a highes compeiion in erms of price sensiiviy in he Neherlands and Unied Kingdom markes. As he long-run elasiciy is -5.76 and -4.48, which implied ha Egypian grapes sill have poenialiy o increase he marke share in his markes, i.e. 10 percen decrease in price raio his will lead o 57.6 and 44.8 percen increase he Egypian marke share in Neherlands and Unied Kingdom markes. CONCLUSION I could be concluded ha Egypian grapes sill have he poenialiies o increase is expors in Unied Kingdom, Neherlands and Ialian markes. The resuls 661
obained from he direc model showed ha Neherlands 4. Abbo, P., 1988. Elasiciies in Inernaional marke is he mos sensiive marke o he impors price of Agriculural Trade, in: Esimaing U.S. Agriculural he grapes as he price elasiciy was elasic followed by Expor Demand Elasiciies: Economeric and Unied Kingdom and Saudian markes. Economic Issues, edied by C.A. Carer and long-run elasiciies indicaed ha Egypian W.H. Gardiner, Wes view Press, 53-86. grapes encouner high compeiion in erms of price 5. Capel, R.E. and L.R. Rigaus, 1974. Analysis of sensiiviy in all he sudied marke. This resul implied Expor Demand for Canadian Whea, Canadian ha he price play a key facor o compee in hese Journal of Agriculural Economics, : 1-14. markes. Consequenly, The Egypian policy makers 6. Hyun, J. and W. Won, 003. Analysis of U.S. have o ake an aenion o he impac of he price in all whea Marke Shares in Eas Asia, Agribusiness impored marke. & Applied Economics Repor No. 54, Cenre for Agriculural Policy and Trade Sudies, Fargo, The sudy recommended: Norh Dakoa. 7. Aspermon, C., R. Ferreira and L. Vare, 007. Producion of early mauring varieies, especially in Compeiion For Marke Share Or For Marke new lands such as Toshka. Size: Oligopolisic Equilibria Wih Varying The esablishmen of mariime roues and quick Compeiive Toughness, Inernaional Economic processing vessels for he shipmen of grapes o Review, 48: 761-784. foreign markes in a period no exceeding five days. 8. Michael, A. and B. David, 198. Srucural Changes Negoiaing wih he European Union o increase he in Impor Marke Shares for Apples in he Unied exempion of cusoms grapes afer July 15. Kingdom, European of Agriculural Economics REFERENCES 9. Review, 9: 313-36. Ghosh, A., 004. Increasing Marke Share as a Raionale for Corporae Acquisiions, Journal of 1. Aiff G. and M. Salah, 1998. An Economic Sudy For Business Finance and Accouning, 31: 09-47. Some Deerminans For The Egypian Expors Of 10. Karl, D. and R. Griffih, 1981. An Applicaion of he Grapes, Egypian Journal of Agriculural Marke Share Approach o he Demand for Economics, 8: 387-406. Soybean and Rapeseed Oil, European of. Sohier, K., 005. An Analyical Sudy Of Grapes Agriculural Economics Review, 8: 085-097. Producion And Exporaion under The Producion 11. Nerlove, M., 1958. Disribued lags and esimaion Technology Sysems And Varieies Used In The of long run supply and demand elasiciies: New Lands, Egypian Journal of Agriculural Theoreical consideraions. Journal of farm Economics, 15: 77-90. economics, 40: 301-311. 3. Samah, K. and A. Mohamed, 001. Poenials For 1. rd Johnson, J., 1985. Economeric Mehods, 3 Grapes Producion And Exporaion under prining, McGraw-Hill, Inernaional suden ediion., Inernaional And Domesic Changes, Egypian 318-30. Journal of Agriculural Economics, 11: 181-198. 66