Biocontrol of powdery mildew Coloniztion of chsmotheci of grpevine powdery mildew y Ampelomyces quisqulis Drio Angeli, Frnc Vlentini, Chir Msiero, Oscr Giovnnini, Ilri Pertot Fondzione Edmund Mch, S.Michele /A, Itly Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
Specific mycoprsite of powdery mildews 65 species of PM on 256 species of plnts R.J.Howrd Estlished infections of powdery mildew Enzymtic & mechnicl processes Appressorium-like structures Penetrtion & degenertion of host cytoplsm Overwintering inoculum (chsmotheci) Destroying colonies in 5-7 dys Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
E. nector infections on grpe in Trentino-AltoAdige region E. nector infections on leves (severity %) 9 8 7 6 5 4 Infection registered t the end of the growing seson Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
Ojective Focus: chsmotheci (min source of PM inoculum) Understnding the rtificil prsitiztion of E. nector chsmotheci on grpe y A. quisqulis Strtegies for reducing E. nector chsmotheci (primry inoculum) nd erly lef infections Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
Trentino-Alto Adige region (northern Itly) On-frm experiments: 5 frms Schiv Pinot noir Riesling renno Lgrein Chrdonny Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
Effectiveness of A. quisqulis in reducing E. nector chsmotheci On-frm test 11-12 1. A. quisqulis tretments on 5 different vineyrds Additionl on-frm test 12 2. A. quisqulis tretments: timing nd frequency 3. A. quisqulis tretments: stimultion of conidi with externl sources (IOBC-WPRS Bulletin, Vol. 5, 14, pp. 49-52) Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
On-frm test 11-12 - Methods 1. Selection of grpevine cultivrs sensitive to powdery mildew disese: Riesling, Chrdonny, Lgrein, Pinot Noir, Schiv 2. Monitoring the ripening stdium of powdery mildew chsmotheci 3. AQ tretments: two pplictions in different time fter hrvest 4. Dynmic of chsmotheci formtion y counting the numer of chsmotheci/cm 2 on 5 leves collected from 4 smple site/vineyrd weekly 5. Evlution of the AQ prssitiztion rte: 4 sensitive chsmotheci (yellow nd white) per vineyrd re selected nd ssessed for the presence of A. quisqulis conidi 6. Evlution of erly powdery mildew infection during Spring Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
11 On-frm test: tretment schedules Code Vineyrd Cultivr Hrvest time PM ppliction 11 1 AQ ppliction g/h 2 AQ ppliction g/h 12 FEM 1 Mso Frnch Riesling renno 8/8 Sulphur 19/8 2/9 FEM 2 Mso Cesconi Chrdonny 7/8 Sulphur /8 2/9 FEM 3 Mso Cesconi Lgrein 13/8 Sulphur /8 2/9 FEM 4 Sorni Schiv 6/8 Sulphur 12/8 22/9 FEM 5 Spormggiore Pinot noir 7/8 Chemicls 12/8 22/9 Code Vineyrd Cultivr Hrvest time PM ppliction 11 1 AQ ppliction g/h 2 AQ ppliction g/h FEM 1 Mso Frnch Riesling renno 8/8 Sulphur 14/9 4/ FEM 2 Mso Cesconi Chrdonny 7/8 Sulphur 21/9 1/ FEM 3 Mso Cesconi Lgrein 13/8 Sulphur 21/9 1/ FEM 4 Sorni Schiv 6/8 Sulphur 27/9 18/ FEM 5 Spormggiore Pinot noir 7/8 Chemicls 27/9 18/ Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
Exmple: vineyrd FEM 1, tretment schedules Monitoring the formtion nd mturtion of chsmotheci (4 ctegories) Overwintering inoculum (chsmotheci per cm 2 ) 9 8 7 chsmotheci (n./cm2) white yellow rown lck 11 6 5 4 11-Sep 16-Sep 21-Sep 26-Sep 1-Oct 6-Oct 11-Oct 16-Oct 21-Oct 26-Oct 31-Oct 5-Nov 9 8 7 6 5 4 Ripening stdium (% of chsmotheci). Timing of AQ pplictions Overwintering inoculum (chsmotheci per cm 2 ) chsmotheci (n./cm2) 9 white yellow 8 rown lck 7 12 6 5 4 11-Sep 16-Sep 21-Sep 26-Sep 1-Oct 6-Oct 11-Oct 16-Oct 21-Oct 26-Oct 31-Oct 5-Nov 9 8 7 6 5 4 Ripening stdium (% of chsmotheci). Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
On-frm test - Results Quntifiction of chsmotheci on untreted nd AQ treted vineyrds (end of Octoer) Chsmotheci (n/cmq) 9 8 7 6 5 4 untreted AQ 11 11 12 No chsmotheci reduction 2 cses of chsmotheci reduction Chsmotheci (n/cmq) 9 8 7 6 5 4 FEM 1 FEM 2 FEM 3 FEM 4 FEM 5 untreted AQ 12 ns FEM 1 FEM 2 FEM 3 FEM 4 FEM 5 Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
On-frm test - Results Prsitiztion level: numer of chsmotheci prsitized y A. quisqulis conidi 9 11 8 12 Prsitiztion level (%) 7 6 5 4 ns FEM 1 FEM 2 FEM 3 FEM 4 FEM 5 Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
Additionl on-frm test 13 - Methods 2. A. quisqulis ppliction in different stges Code Vineyrd Cultivr Stge 1 AQ ppliction g/h 2 AQ ppliction g/h FEM 1 Mso Frnch Riesling renno erly 18/9 / medium 3/ 24/ lte 17/ 1/11 3. A. quisqulis conidi ctivted y chitin sed compounds: Shrimp Shell (SS) & Mushroom (MU) Code Vineyrd Cultivr 1 AQ ppliction g/h 2 AQ ppliction g/h FEM 1 Mso Frnch Riesling renno 18/9 3/ Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
Additionl on-frm test 13- Results A. quisqulis in different stges: 35 Inoculum quntifiction: numer of chsmotheci/cm 2 Chsmotheci (n./cm2) 25 15 5 d c untreted erly medium lte Prsitiztion level: numer of chsmotheci prsitized y A. quisqulis conidi Prsitiztion level (%) 45 4 35 25 15 5 c untreted erly medium lte Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
Additionl on-frm test 13- Results A. quisqulis conidi ctivted y SS & MU: Inoculum quntifiction: numer of chsmotheci/cm 2 Chsmotheci (n./cm2) 45 4 35 25 15 5 untreted AQ AQ + MU AQ + SS Prsitiztion level: numer of chsmotheci prsitized y A. quisqulis conidi Stimultion of conidil germintion of the powdery mildew hyperprsite Ampelomyces quisqulis Integrted protection nd production in Viticulture IOBC-WPRS Bulletin Vol. 5, 14 pp. 49-52 Prsitiztion level (%) 35 25 15 5 c untreted AQ AQ + MU AQ + SS Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
Helty E. nector chsmotheci E. nector chsmotheci prsitized y A. quisqulis FONDAZIONE INCONTRA LE -23 IMPRESE - 24 gennio Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of thela Working GroupMACH Vienn, Austri Octoer 15 14
On-frm test - Conclusions High numer of chsmotheci ws oserved in ll vineyrds (temperture excursion nd rinfll during Autumn) Good chsmotheci prssitiztion y AQ conidi in ll vineyrds ut only in two cses AQ tretments reduced the numer of chsmotheci in the vineyrd Quntifiction of chsmotheci seems to e not strictly relted with prsitiztion level Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
On-frm test - Conclusions Lte tretments of AQ incresed prsitiztion rte nd reduced the numer of chsmotheci Stimultion of AQ conidi with SS nd MU did not increse the level of prsitiztion nd/or reduced numer of chsmotheci. Low primry infections of PM in Spring 12/13 (whether conditions). The effect of the overwintering chsmotheci on the primry inoculum ws not significnt (dt not shown) Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
Tke-home messgge A. quisqulis prsitizing E. nector Possiility to increse prsitiztion level & reduce overwintering inoculum of powdery mildew Further experiments will e run in order to evlute the effect of AQ lte pplictions on primry infections of powdery mildew Integrted Protection nd Production in Viticulture, IOBC-WPRS meeting of the LA Working FONDAZIONE Group MACH Vienn, INCONTRA Austri LE -23 IMPRESE Octoer - 24 gennio 15 14
Thnk you for ttention - PURE project supported y the Europen Commission through the Seventh Frmework Progrmme under contrct numer 265865 - Mso Frnch, Mso Cesconi, Mso Trtt - Oscr Giovnnini & Frnc Vlentin LA FONDAZIONE MACH INCONTRA LE IMPRESE - 24 gennio 14