Pheromone traps for gooseerry and lackcurrant sawfly Michelle Fountain, Maddie Cannon, Bethan Shaw, Dudley Farman, David Hall HL01105/SF 012; SF147; SF165 Hort LINK project Developing Biocontrol Methods and their Integration in Sustainale Pest and Disease Management in Blackcurrant Production (HL01105) 2010-2015
Background Blackcurrant sawfly Common gooseerry sawfly Hymentoptera: Tenthredinidae Hymentoptera: Tenthredinidae Nematus olfaciens Nematus riesii Mostly lackcurrant, redcurrant and gooseerry Mostly gooseerry Common and frequently damaging Sporadic and localised Irregular holes in leaves Rapid defoliation Weakens the ushes, sustantial yield losses Nematus leucotrochus (holes around the edges of leaves) Pristiphora pallipes (present in small numers)
Adult 5-6.5 mm Black on top Orange/Yellow ado Glassy wings with a spot Egg 1.25 mm long On vein of leaf Centre low down in ush Larva < 20 mm Body green speckled with dots Head green with lack eyes GS raised dots with setae Incision to hold egg on vein Pre pupa pale green Spins cocoon 8-10 mm
Overwinter April/May 8-10 days Blackcurrant sawfly Typically 2 generations May/June 4-5 instars 3 week devel. July/Aug Pupates in soil 10-15 cm Gooseerry sawfly Larvae: May/Jun Jul Aug/Sep June/July
Monitoring Frequent crop inspection first signs of eggs, larvae and damage Aggregated Scouting time-consuming and expensive No practical systematic sampling methods or attendant crop damage thresholds have een developed Pheromone traps Reduce prophylactic applications and e less damaging to the environment and eneficial arthropods in the crop Larval Insecticides Chlorpyrifos 100% Max 2 applications Tracer 95% control Max 3 applications Calypso 99% control Max 2 applications Hallmark 60% control
Demonstrated that male lackcurrant sawfly were attracted to virgin females 2013/14 Mean numer of male sawfly Attraction of male to female gooseerry sawfly (Longhurst & Baker, 1980)
Insect rearing
Collection of volatiles
0.200 0.175 FID 2012-095-4 1 23-07-2012 14-58-51.dat Retention Time EAG 2012-095-4 1 23-07-2012 14-58-51.dat Retention Time 18.65 135 130 FID - volts 0.150 0.125 0.100 0.075 16.69 gooseerry EAG millivolts lackcurrant Z9-23:H 1 2 3 4 125 120 115 0.050 15.03 110 0.025 0.000 105 Male antennal reaction to natural female volatiles FID - volts 100 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0 19.5 20.0 Minutes 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 FID Male Gooseerry 15070804.dat Retention Time 16.07 Z5-14:iPr EAG Male Gooseerry 15070804.dat Retention Time * * * Z7-14:iPr 0.00 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0 19.5 0 20.0 Minutes 17.87 Z7-16:iPr EAG millivolts 100 80 60 40 20
Mean numer of male lackcurrant sawfly Mean Total Catch ( SE) Mean total catch ± SE 40 30 a Synthesis 20 10 Blend 0 10 Release Rate 8 6 4 a Red delta trap Green delta trap Comined Trap design 2 0 A. 1mg Z7-14iPr + 0.5 mg Z7-16iPr (no colour) B. 1 mg Z7-14iPr + 0.5 mg Z7-16iPr + 5 mg Z9-23H (lack) C. 0.1 mg Z7- D. 0.1 mg Z7-14iPr + 0.05 mg14ipr + 0.05 mg Z7-16iPr (red) Z7-16iPr + 0.5 mg Z9-23H (lue) unaited
Blackcurrant sawfly Isopropyl esters from fatty acids Long chain hydrocaron Possily from cuticle Tiny amounts given off Last a whole season Isopropyl ester 3 doule onds Gooseerry sawfly
Conclusions Pheromone lends species specific No cross attraction Blackcurrant sawfly - 3-component pheromone lend Gooseerry sawfly - 2-component pheromone lend Closely related species and compounds Red delta traps Dispensed from polyethylene vial Future work Use pheromone lends in red delta traps Investigate the relationship etween trap catches, infestation, foliage damage and numers of natural enemies
Thanks Jim Arury Hon R Stanley Paul Clarke Mr Steve Gallimore Mr & Mrs Tom Leach Yulian Korkinski Gail Marshall /Craig Williamson Tom Maynard Janet Allen James Wright Rupert Simpson Jake Simpson Graham Moore Leslie Winsor William Heditch Chris Creed Jane Saunders David Butler Graham Collier Bill Curran Andrew Taylor Fiona Kennard Gavin and Sue Idiens Sophie Grove Farm Nigel and Tony Carter Steve Ryan Andrew Salisury Clive Edmed P Scaman & Son Scott Raffle List of gooseerry and lackcurrant growers and advisors Guy Knight, John Grearson Blackcurrant Gooseerry