Chapter 2 The Expansion of Trade What impact might increased trade and business have on a society s worldview?
Chapter 2 Exploring Elements of Worldview Based on these three elements of worldview being highlighted, what do you link you will learn about in this chapter? You will understand How trade and business expanded in Renaissance Europe. How trade with the east affected European society. How increased trade influenced the development of powerful city states in Italy.
Who was Marco Polo? Who has heard of Marco Polo before? Why would he be considered historically significant? How might his experience help him to develop a different worldview that most people in the Medieval period?
Recreating Polo s The One Million Lies In groups of three you will be creating a section of Marco Polo s book telling about his adventures in the far East. Your story must include: A beginning: Start by telling about his preparation for the trip. Explain any feelings or emotions that he may be experiencing. Lead in to the beginning of his journey. A middle: Discuss a crazy encounter that he may have had during his trip. Either a person that he came across or intense situation, while traveling to Asia or when he finally arrived. Focus on the small details and explain them. HE SHOULD BE AMAZED ABOUT WHAT HE IS WITNESSING. An end: Explain his feelings and emotions about how he was received when he got home and how he felt about his whole experience. MOST IMPORTANTLY EXPLAIN HOW HIS WORLDVIEW CHANGED!!!!!!! Complete on a blank piece of lined paper! Include your names as I will be collecting these at the end of class! Every group will share so pick a representative, remember choose your attitude and be CREATIVE!
Connecting Prior Knowledge In the previous chapter, you explored some of the ways that society, religion, and a changing economy affected worldview. You saw how towns where goods could be exchanged were growing up all over Western Europe. In this chapter, you will explore how trade and business expanded in Renaissance Europe.
The Rise of International Trade (Pg.40) Guiding Inquiry question: What factors contributed to the rise of trade between Western Europe and the East at the beginning of the Renaissance? For much of their journey the Polo s traveled a route called The Silk Road. This route connected civilizations from the Mediterranean in the West to the Pacific Ocean in the East. Other than trade goods what else was passed along these routes? Along these routes Intercultural contact led to the exchange of ideas and knowledge as well. Although the Silk Road was major trade route, few of the travelers along the road were European. Marco Polo was in the right place to have experiences that were available only to a handful of Europeans of his time.
The Silk Road Trade Routes and Goods Traded Along Them. Complete the questions on page 2 of your booklet.
The Silk Road Trade Routes and Goods Traded Along Them. Camel caravans travelled long distances moving goods from one region to another. There was also extensive trade by sea. Write a list of three items that you would buy if you were a trader on the silk road. Use the map on page 40 of the textbook as your guide. 1. 2. 3. Which product would you consider to be the most important? Explain why.. Again, using the map on page 40 as a reference. Answer the following question. Italy s location has been described as Europe s gateway to the East. Is this an appropriate metaphor? Explain.. Develop one metaphor would you use to describe Italy s as an idea location for trade..
The Silk Road Trade Routes and Goods Traded Along Them. Again, using the map on page 40 as a reference. Answer the following question. Italy s location has been described as Europe s gateway to the East. Is this an appropriate metaphor? Explain. Italy s location between Europe and the East is why it was the first European region to create trade links to the Far East, the Middle East, and Africa allowing them to dominate trade and business. The gateway metaphor, which suggests movement in and out of a place. This accurately and appropriately describes Italy s trade routes and Europe s gateway to the East Develop one metaphor could use to describe Italy as an idea location for trade. Examples include(choose one or two) : one route to the east, the Walmart of the renaissance, the Trans-Canada highway of the renaissance. Italy the traders paradise, the grand central station of the renaissance, the gateway to heaven on earth, Italy the stem of goods and prosperity.
The Crusades and Trade (Pg. 41) Trade between Venice and other Italian cities and the East had actually been reestablished several centuries before the Polos journeys. It happened as a result of a series of religious wars between Christian and Muslim forces. These wars became known as the Crusades. What were the two important results of the Crusades for Europeans: Contact with Muslim civilizations. Trade
The Crusades and Trade During this time, the Muslim world was more advanced than Europe. Because of their travels and contacts, Europeans were exposed to new ideas what new ideas? List 5 examples. 1. Medicine 2. Astronomy 3. Philosophy 4. Math 5. Ancient Literature Muslim societies were inclusive. What did this mean? This Means that the welcomed the contributions of Christian and Jewish scholars. This resulted in advances in learning.
The Crusades and Trade (Pg. 42) The crusaders brought back to Europe many new goods, including oil, spices and new varieties of fruit from the Muslim world. Europeans wanted more of these goods. This led to increased trade between Europe and the East. What were the most sought after goods and why did people want this product? The most sought after and valuable goods were spices. Pepper was worth more than its weight in gold. Where did people need to go to obtain these luxury goods and spices? In order to obtain these goods people had to go to port cities such as Venice or Genoa.
Understanding How War Impacts Trade The land of Palestine, which contained religious sites sacred to Jews, Christians, and Muslims, was under Christian control for many centuries. However, in the middle of the seventh century, the area was taken over by the Turks, who later became Muslims. In 1095, Pope Urban II launched a Christian Crusade to drive out the Muslims. Christian knights, as well as Muslim warriors, looked on fighting in a holy war as a way of guaranteeing themselves a place in heaven. The strength of the united Muslims after Saladin recaptured Jerusalem which eventually brought an end to the Crusades. There were eventually four major Crusades to the Holy Land. The map on the next slide shows the routes travelled by the Crusaders.
Understanding How War Impacts Trade (Pg. 41) There are many different kinds of maps. The information on maps can be divided into two broad categories: Physical geography: The features of the Earth s surface. Human geography: Which shows people and their activities. Take out a pencil, blank piece of lined paper, and title it - Understanding How War Impacts Trade. (PG. 41) Answer the questions on the following slide.
When you look at a map, the first step is to gather information from it. Ask yourself these questions. Analyzing Maps The Crusades Why was this map included? What part of the world does it show? What type of map is it? What place names have been included? What does the legend tell you about the map? Once you are familiar with the content of the map, you can begin to consider geographic questions such as: What patterns do you see? What geographic problems and issues does the map suggest?
Why was this map included? To understand where the crusaders traveled. What part of the world does it show? Europe Africa and the Middle East. What type of map is it? Human Geography. What place names have been included? Major cities in Europe and The Middle East What does the legend tell you about the map? The dates of the first 4 crusades and the routes they followed. Analyzing Maps The Crusades
Building Geographic Skills (Pg. 44) Under your information about the first map give yourself a title BULIDING GEOGRAPHIC SKILLS Italian Trade Routes. (PG. 44)
When you look at a map, the first step is to gather information from it. Ask yourself these questions: Analyzing Maps - Trade Routes Why was this map included? What part of the world does it show? What type of map is it? What place names have been included? What does the legend tell you about the map? Once you are familiar with the content of the map, you can begin to consider geographic questions such as: What patterns do you see? What geographic problems and issues does the map suggest?
When you look at a map, the first step is to gather information from it. Ask yourself these questions. Why was this map included? Understand where the trade route went. What part of the world does it show? Europe Africa and the Middle East What type of map is it? Human Geography Map What place names have been included? Major trading in Europe and the middle east cities are named. What does the legend tell you about the map? The legend labels the routes controlled by major city states and those that were not. Analyzing Maps - Trade Routes
Look at the map of the Crusades on page 41 and the map the silk road trading routes on page 40. Based on the information in these maps what impact did the Crusades have on trade between Europe and the East? Map of the Crusades Map of European Trade
Look at the map of the Crusades on page 41 and the map the silk road trading routes on page 40. Based on the information in these maps what impact did the Crusades have on trade between Europe and the East? Information from the map and conclusions on how these wars affected trade Crusaders travelled by both land and sea. The Crusades lasted about three or four years each which may have interrupted trade for this time frame. The Crusaders did not follow direct routes once they arrived in the Middle East the Crusaders so they may have come across many other traders which might have made them more hesitant to travel. The crusaders seemed to prefer one specific route from Vienna to Constantinople which is a major route for traders traveling by land which could make traders not use these routes. The crusaders traveled right past the sea ports of Italian city states which may have notified people that a way would be happening on their major trade routes.
Goods From The East Many of the goods that Italian merchants began to bring in by sea after the Crusades were luxury goods that were not available in Europe. Create a list of 6 the luxury good not available in Europe at came from the East. 1. jewels 2. rugs 3. silk 4. muslin 5. taffeta 6. satin 7. spices
Moving Goods and Resources (PG. 43) During the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance, there was a great deal of trade within Europe for local resources and goods as well as luxury goods from the East. Areas rich in resources like minerals (salt, iron, copper, lead, and precious metals), timber fur, and fish exchanged these for cloth and manufactured goods produced in other areas. Some regions grew surpluses of grain or produced wine and olive oil which they exported. Sheep-rearing areas shipped their raw wool to cloths making areas in exchange for other resources and goods. German and Dutch ships from northern Europe as well as ships from Genoa and Venice in the Mediterranean were most actively involved in trade.
Moving Goods and Resources (PG. 43) When French explorer Jacques Cartier arrived in Canada in 1534 he found that the First Nations people were eager to trade furs for knives and iron. Trade was important in the relations among various First Nations. As in Europe, there was a vast network of trade routes across North America that linked peoples and allowed for the exchange of goods. Most trade routes developed along rivers, lakes, and coastlines.
Answer these two geographic questions suggested using information from this map from page 44. 1. To what extent was the development of trade routes in Europe influenced by large rivers? 2. How much of European sea-going trade was controlled by the Italian city-states? How would this impact the amount of money they would make?
Building Geographic Skills To what extent was the development of trade routes in Europe influenced by large rivers? The development of Renaissance trade routes in Europe was heavily influenced by access to large rivers as Renaissance traders used the rivers of Europe. How much of European sea-going trade was controlled by the Italian citystates? How would this impact the amount of money they would make? Except for sea trade in Northern Europe, Italian city states controlled almost all Renaissance sea trade. This would make them very wealthy as they would control most of the trade of good from the East as they entered port cities.
Asking Questions That Make Connections How did the Apennines mountain range affect the location of trade routes in Italy? How would access to trade routes give a competitive advantage to a region?
Asking Questions That Make Connections How did the Apennines mountain range affect the location of trade routes in Italy? Trade routes would almost all be by sea, as land routes would be hurt by the mountains. Both imports and exports would have to use sea routes. How would access to trade routes give a competitive advantage to a region? Nations with route access: would not need to pay for the services of ships from other nations could protect their trading interests with their own navy would enjoy a wider are variety of trade goods would likely enjoy lower prices on their trade goods would have easier access to export markets for their own products and goods.
Italian City-States Create Your Own Dominant Empire
What is a City-State? A city-state is a republic which means that it is controlled by people who were elected. Not a king or queen. Italian City-States became powerful trading cities because of their, Geography, Climate, Leadership and Social Organization.
One Empire To Rule Them All! In groups of three your job is to define the characteristics of an empire that would dominate all others in trade throughout the region. You will be challenged to divide and complete these 3 tasks. 1. Create a Map That defines the physical characteristics of the land and climate 2. Create a leader Describe the characteristics of your leader. 3. Create a flag Your flag must represent how your society is structured.
One Empire To Rule Them All! Geography and Climate 1. Create a (8.5X11) map that: 1. Defines where in the world your city-state would be located and the physical geographic features of the land.(ex. Mountains, Lakes, Rivers, Oceans, natural resources etc.) 2. The climate (Ex. The kinds of weather, length of seasons, amount of precipitation, the kinds of crops would grow there.) 3. One paragraph at least 10 sentences that describes how and why these characteristics would help to make your city state a dominant force in the region.
One Empire To Rule Them All! Leadership 2. Create an illustration of your leader and use figurative language to define a minimum of 5 effective leadership characteristics that this person has. (Ex. Listening, democratic, ruthless, economically driven, brutal, kind, compassionate.) Write a paragraph a minimum of 10 sentences that describes why these leadership characteristics would help to make your empire one of the most dominant in the region
One Empire To Rule Them All! Social Organization 3. Create a flag that visually represents how the society in your city-state is structured. Consider the following questions to help develop a visual representation for your flag: Is your society structured more like feudalism which doesn t let people move between classes and power is based on land ownership or is it similar to when the middle class was established and power was based on money and there was social mobility? What jobs do people value and why are these jobs valued? Are people treated fair or is there special treatment for certain people? Write a paragraph a minimum of 10 sentences that describes why this structure would help to make your city-state the most powerful empire in the region.
The Italian City-States Pg. 47 Italy was not a country during the Renaissance. Describe how Italy was organized during this time period? Italy was a collection of city-states that were politically independent cities that ruled the hinterland around them. What is a city-state? A city-state consists of city that is politically independent, and the rural area around it. What is the hinterland? The rural area that surrounds the urban areas or the city-states in the case of Italy.
The Italian City-States Pg. 47 How does the hinterland support life in Florence? The hinterland is where all the goods needed to support life in the cities are produces. Examples of producers are grain, hay, and wool. Identify and explain which geographic features made Florence a suitable site for a city. Florence benefited from the following geographic features, it was on a river which benefited its trade relationships and the mountains provided a natural defense in times of war.
The Success of City-States Pg. 48 What greatly contributed to the economic success of Florence? Geographic features greatly contributed to the economic success of Florence. Guided Notes Dozens of city-states grew up across the Northern half of Italy. They were in the right place at the right time to become the wealthiest cities of Europe. Aspects of their help to account for their success geography, climate, leadership, and social organizations.
The Success of City-States Pg. 48 List and describe the 4 aspects that helped to ensure the success of Italian city states. 1. Geography - Italy was the closest to the port cities of northern Africa and the eastern Mediterranean. Transporting goods was easier and cheaper for traders in Italian cities 2. Climate - The climate of Italy is milder than those of other European countries. That meant that trade and travel were not interrupted by winter weather. Long growing season produced crops of olives and grapes which were important trade items.
The Success of City-States Pg. 48 List and describe the 4 aspects that helped to ensure the success of Italian city states. 3.Leadership - In pre-modern Europe most countries were monarchies, or ruled by a king or queen. Northern Italy was a collection of independent city-states. These city states had their own government, armies and controlled their own affairs. Venice, Milan, Florence, and Genoa grew in to the richest, trading, business and banking centers in Europe. 4. Social Organization - Feudalism was a lot weaker in Italy and across Europe. In Italy nobles moved in to towns and became part of upper class society and were involved in businesses and politics.
Competition and Trade Pg. 49 Describe the characteristics of when and where Venice was founded. Venice was found in the Roman times on a group of islands in a protected harbour. It was easily to defend from invasion. Over hundreds of years it became a large trading center as a result of its dealings with the East. At its height Venetian merchants had thousands of ships on the open seas. The Venice arsenal became the largest ship building center in Europe, employing between two and three thousand workers. Describe the characteristics of Genoa as described in the textbook. Genoa controlled a share of the trade in the eastern Mediterranean and ports in the Black Sea. In the western Mediterranean it controlled the Spanish ports of Barcelona and Valencia. How did trade contribute to the quality of life of Venetians? Trade benefited Venetians lives in such ways as these: The standard of living throughout Venice increased. Venetians had a great variety of goods from many parts of the world available to them Venetians had great quantities of goods available.
Competition and Trade Pg. 49 Who did Genoa battle in 1380? What was the result? Genoa lost a battle with Venice in 1380 and never regained its status again. The Polo family were merchants. Explain how merchants make their money. Merchants by products either manufactured or raw materials in one area of the world and sell it in another place for higher price. List two types of products that merchants sold and provide an example of each. 1. Spices or luxury fabrics - examples can be pepper or cinnamon, or silks. 2. Raw materials - raw resources that need to be manufactured examples could be things like wool, or timber.
Competition and Trade Pg. 49 Describe why the wool carders or ciompi revolted. The wool carders revolted because the Black Death Weakened the economy which resulted in high levels of unemployment amongst groups of people who were not a part of guilds. The ciompi tried to organize a guild but they were denied by the larger guilds and the government. The uprising only lasted a brief moment as they were able to over take the government but were quickly defeated by the powerful guilds.
Making Money With Money Pg. 52 What was the practice of Usury? The practice of Usury is when a person charges another person interest when they lend them money. This was very important in creating wealth. Did the church support the idea of usury? What did they do to encourage trade? Originally the church did not support the practice of usury as they found it sinful. Eventually to promote international trade the church began to charge interest on loans which involved a risk which included activities like voyages. What did merchants realize about struggles and warfare and how did they respond? The merchants and bankers realized that the constant struggles and war interfered with their ability to do business. As a result they began to support strong leaders who could promise stability.
Making Money With Money Pg. 52 Guided Notes Florence competed with other city-states in banking. Italian and European bankers and merchants travelled around Europe on business. This exposed other Europeans to the lifestyle of the Italians who had more contact with the world outside Europe. Wealthy Europeans, artists and scholars visited Italy and were impressed with the beautiful cities and the sophistication of the Italians. They spread Italian values and ideas across Europe. The economy went into a depression in the years after the Black Death. When did Italy recover? Italy did not recover from the Black Death until the early 1500s. However during the slump years bankers and merchants continued to grow wealthier through trade and commerce.