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nfluk/]sf 5f} +.Æ cfkm"x n] To:Tff] k :tfj /fvbf lzifs ;+3sf] tkm{af6 pt;fxhgs k ltlqmof gkfpsf] u'gf;f] pgsf] 5. t/ g]kfn lzifs ;+3sf cwoif df]xg 1jfnL klg cfkm"x o'lgog dfq /fv]/ c ;+:yf vf/]h ug] { s'/fsf] la/f]wl gepsf] atfpf5g\. æxfdlx ^) k ltzt :jljo' r'gfj h:tf] k ToIf lgjf{rg / $) k ltzt ;dfg'kflts k ltlglwtj x'g'k5{ eg]/ oxl clwj]zgdf k :tfj nfg5f} +.Æ 1jfnL eg5g\, æolb ;Ë7g, d~r, kl/ifbnufot c cfa4 ;a} ;+:yf vf/]h x'g] xf] eg] xfdl klg lzifs ;+3 lj36g ug{ tof/ 5f}+.Æ of] ljifodf lzifs ;Ë7gsf g]tfx n] aflx/ Pp6f / leq csf]{ af]ng] u/]sfn] o; ljifodf tfls{s lgisif{df k'ug g;lspsf] 1jfnLsf] u'gf;f] 5. t/ ;+3 / ;Ë7gdWo] s'g} Pp6fn] cfˆgf] ;+:yf lj36g u/]df csf]{;fu To;f] ug'{sf] ljsnk /xg] 5}g. dfcf]jfblsf] e ft[ ;Ë7g clvn g]kfn lzifs ;+3Ú clxn];dd o'lgogegbf aflx/} 5. t/ To;sf cwoif u'0f/fh nf]xglsf cg';f/ pglx klg Pp6} ;+:yf lgdf0f{sf] kifdf 5g\. nf]xgl eg5g\, æxfdl Pp6} ;+:yfsf] kifdf t 5f}+ t/ To;lglDt xfd f tlg j6f zt{ 5g\M o'lgogsf] ljwfgdf ;+3Lo nf]stflgqs u0ftgqk lt k lta4tf, lziff k 0ffnL / gllt af/] Go"gtd :ki6tf / k]zfut xslxtsf] ;'lglzrttf. d'v}df cfpsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjaf6 goff ;+ljwfg ag]kl5 goff jftfj/0f agg] / To;kl5 dfq cfkm"x lzifsx sf] Pp6} ;+:yf agfpg] sfddf nfug] klg atfpf5g\. ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf dfcf]jfblsf tkm{af6 pdd]bjf/ /x]sf nf]xglsf] syg / z}nl x]bf{ dfcf]jfblx clxn] g} o'lgogdf kl;xfng] d"8df b]lvfb}gg\. clxn] h;/l kffr j6f ;+:yf o'lgogdf cfa4 epsf 5g\, To;}u/L c ;+:yf klg ;Da4 x'g kfpg] af6f] vf]ng] u/l ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug{ o'lgogsf] g]t[tj tof/ b]lvg5. t/ To;n] o'lgognfo{ bnlo /fhglltaf6 d'qm x}g g\ uffhb} n}hfg] dfq sfd u5{ eg5g\, kf6g dfwolds ljbfnosf k wfgfwofks xf]daxfb'/ s' Fj/. æclxn] t o'lgog bnlo lzifs ;+:yfsf] 5ftf ;+:yf ag]sf] 5. bnlo lzifs ;+:yfsf] dxf;+3 agfpg] ;f]rfo g} unt xf]æ, s' Fj/sf] egfo lyof], æto;}n] o'lgog dfq /xg] c ;a} ;+:yf vf/]h ug'{k5{. Tof] sfd oxl ljwfg clwj]zgn] ug'{k5{.æ bnlo lzifs ;+:yfdf cfa4 x'g grfxg] ] sf]xl klg lzifs ;Lw} lzifs o'lgogsf] ;b:o agg g;sg] clxn]sf] ljwfgsf] csf]{ dxœjk"0f{ vf]6 xf]. æljwfgsf] of] k fjwfgn] lzifsx nfo{ g} nlhht t'nofpsf] 5.Æ k wfgfwofks s' Fj/ eg5g\, lzifsx ;f] } o'lgogsf] ;b:o agg gkfpg] k fjwfg /fvg'sf] cy{ xf], lzifs ;+3 ;Ë7gsf g]tfx lzif0f k]zfnfo{ bnlo /fhglltsf] b'irqmaf6 aflx/ lgsfng rfxfb}gg\.æ s'fj/n] eg] }F o'lgognfo{ k]zfut ;+:yf agfpg] lbzfdf n}hfg] xf] eg] ljwfg clwjz]gn] ;f] } o'lgogsf] ;b:o agg kfpg] u/l ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug}{ kg]{ b]lvg5. olb clxn]s} h:t} lzifssf] dxf;+3 agfpg] xf] eg] bnlo cfwf/df x}g, txut cfwf/df lzifs o'lgog agfpg' Pp6f ljsnk x'g] b]lvg5. k fylds txsf lzifsx sf] Pp6f o'lgog dfwolds / prr dfwolds txsf] csf] { o'lgog agfpg] / tl ;a} o'lgogsf] dxf;+3sf] kdf lzifs o'lgog /xg' ;fljssf] egbf pko'qm ljsnk /x]sf] lziffsdl{ ljdn km'offn atfpf5g\. ef/t, hfkfg, a]nfot, gj] { nufotsf b]zx df o:tf txut lzifs o'lgog 5g\. tx cg';f/ lzifssf ;d:of, d'2f / cfjzostf klg km/s x'g] epsfn] tl b]zx df o;/l txut o'lgog ag]sf] b]lvg5. c ;Dej x'g5 eg] t ljifout lzifsx sf] ;+3 agfp/ ltglx sf] dxf;+3 agfpg' g\ /fd f] x'g5 km'offn yk5g\. t/ lziffljb\ k f=8f= dgk ;fb jfun] lzifsx sf] dxf;+3 agfpg gx'g] ts{ cufl8 ;f5{g\. æo;n] l;lg8s]6sf] sfd u5{, k]zfut biftf clej[l4sf] sfd x' Fb}g.Æ jfun] eg5g\, æo'lgog t ljbfnosf] xfdl Pp6} ;+:yfsf] kifdf t 5f} + t/ To;lglDt xfd f tlg j6f zt{ 5g\M o'lgogsf] ljwfgdf ;+3Lo nf]stflgqs u0ftgqk lt k lta4tf, lziff k 0ffnL / gllt af/] Go"gtd :ki6tf / k]zfut xslxtsf] ;'lglzrttf. u'0f/fh nf]xgl cwoif clvn g]kfn lzifs ;+3 txdf agfog'k5{. lsgls cfˆgf] ljbfnosf] ;d:of / ;+efjgf ToxL ljbfnosf lzifsn] dfq a' ]sf x'g5g\.æ pgsf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/, ljbfno txsf] lzifs o'lgognfo{ ;/sf/n] ;Lw} lzifssf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf] nflu lg/gt/ ;xof]u ug'{k5{ / To;sf] lhddf klg o'lgognfo{ g} lbg'k5{. o;/l o'lgognfo{ ;xl cy{df lzifssf] 5ftf ;+:yf agfpg rfxg] xf] eg] g]t[tj;fd' y'k } ljsnkx b]lvg5g\. t/ k wfgfwofks s'fj/n] eg] }F lzifs ;+3, ;Ë7g / o'lgogsf] g]t[tj ;fflrrs} OdfGbf/ x'g] xf] eg] lzifsnfo{ bnlo /fhglltaf6 d'qm ug] { sfdsf] ;'?cft lzifs o'lgogsf] ;+/rgf oxl ljwfg clwj]zgaf6 ug{ tof/ /xg'k5{. dfcf]jfbl lgs6nufot xfn aflx/ /x]sf lzifsx klg l9nf]rff8f] o'lgogs} 5ftfd'lg cfpg'sf] ljsnk klg /xg] 5}g. To;f] ubf{ pglx n] lzifs ;d'bfo, ljbfyl{ / l;ëf] ;dfhsf nflu df}sfdf xl/f kmf]/]sf] 7x5{. lzifs r}t @)^$ 11

l/kf]6{ cgtjf{tf{ lzifs /fhgllt bnlo /fhglltaf6 d'qm x'g} k5{ ab Lk ;fb vltj8f ;+:yfks cwoif, g]kfn /fli6«o lzifs ;Ë7g 12 g]kfn /fli6«o lzifs ;Ë7g :yfkgfsf] k[i7e"ld s] lyof] < lzifsnfo{ ;/sf/n] z'4 tna afx]s s]xl klg lbg] u/]sf] lypg. @)!# ;fndf lghfdtl sd{rf/lnfo{ k]g;gsf] Joj:yf ul/of], t/ lzifsnfo{ ul/pg. lzifsnfo{ ;~rosf]if, pkbfg s]xl klg lbofb}gyof]. ;dfhn] lzifssf] 7"nf] ;Ddfg uyof]{ t/ cfly{s kdf pglx c;'/lift lyp. o'jf cj:yfdf lzifs ep/ ljbfno k;]sf] JolQm ToxfFaf6 lg:sfbf j[4 eo;s]sf] x'g5. dg] { a]nfdf t cfˆgf] sdfoaf6 sfqf] lsgg] k};f klg pm;fu x'fb}g. ha;dd lzifssf] k]zfut ;'/Iff x'fb}g, of]uo / /fd f dflg;x n] lzif0f k]zf 5f8\g] qmd a9\5. ;Ël7t epkl5 lzifsn] lghfdtl sd{rf/l;/x tna, k]g;gnufotsf ;a} ;'ljwf kfpg ;s]. of] kifdf w]/} /fd f] eof]. t/ k fylds txb]lv ljzjljbfno;ddsf lzifsx dof{bf, ul/df / ;Ldfsf] dxœj ga' ]/ ljlegg /fhgllts kf6l{sf] lk5nuu' ep/ lxf8\g yfn]. t;y{ lzifsnfo{ tl ;'ljwfx lbnfpg ;/sf/nfo{ bafa lbg s]xl g s]xl ug'{k5{ egg] ;a}nfo{ nflu/x]sf] lyof]. @)#% ;fnlt/sf] s'/f xf] cjsfzk fkt Pshgf k fylds lzifsnfo{ e'6gb]jl dfwolds ljbfno -x]6f}+8f_ sf lzifsx n] /yofqf u/]/ ;Ddfg u/], ;fgf] y}nl klg pkxf/ lbp. s]xl ;dokl5 tl lzifssf] lgwg x'fbf pgsf] bfx;+:sf/ ug{ xfdln] rgbf p7fpg' k of]. of] 36gfn] d nufotsf lzifsx nfo{ lzifssf] lxtsf] nflu s]xl ug} { k5{ egg] 56k6L k}bf u/fof]. o;} alrdf @)#^ ;fnsf] ljbfyl{ cfgbf]ng z'? eof]. k~rfotl Joj:yfsf] lj?4df b]ze/ Ps lsl;dsf] nx/ g} rn]sf] lyof]. kl/jt{g rfxg] / /fhgllt k ]l/t dflg;x epsfn] xfdl lzifsx klg r'k a:g] cj:yf lypg. k hftgqsf] :yfkgfsf] nflu klg ;3fp k'ug] / lzifssf] xslxtsf] nflu klg bafa lbg ;lsg5 eg]/ x]6f}+8fsf d nufot (( hgf lzifsx @)#^ ;fn h]7 $ ut] df}g lzifs r}t @)^$ h'n';;lxt ;8sdf plqof}+. xfd f] d'vo dfu lzifsnfo{ sdtldf lghfdtl sd{rf/l;/x k]g;g, pkbfgsf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ / lzifssf] k]zfut xslxtsf nflu ;Ël7t ep/ sfd ug{ lzifs ;Ë7g :yfkgf ug{ kfpg'k5{ egg] lyof]. lzifs ;Ë7gsf] :yfkgf :jt:km"t{ kdf epsf] lyof] ls s'g} /fhgllts bnsf] k ]/0ffdf < lzifs cfgbf]ng :jt:km"t{ kdf p7]sf] xf]. o;df s'g} bnsf] e"ldsf lypg. cfgbf]ng a9\b} upkl5 cfˆgf] cg's"n x'g5 eg]/ ttsfnlg dfn]n] xfdlnfo{ ;dy{g rflxf u/]sf] lyof]. ;Ë7gsf] :yfkgf x' Fbf ttsfnlg dfn]nufot jfdkgyl ljrf/wf/fdf cfa4 lzifsx s} ;ª\Vof a9l lyof]. kl5 klg o:t} eo/xof]. o;sf] csf]{ sf/0f s] lyof] eg] sfª\u ];sf g]tf alkl sf]o/fnfn] lzifs ;Ë7gnfO{ Tolt?rfPgg\. To;n] ubf{ k hftflgqs v]dfdf /x]sf lzifs ;fylx nfo{ ck7\of/f] k of]. hfoh dfu af]s]/ :yfkgf epsfn] lzifs ;Ë7g pglx n] 5f8\g klg ;s]gg\ clg kf6l{ g]tfx n] dg gk/fpsf] x'fbf g]t[tjdf a:g klg ufx f] eof]. lzifs ;Ë7gb]lv lzifs o'lgogsf] u7g;ddsf] ofqfnfo{ s;/l d"nofíg ug'{x'g5 < ;Ël7t epkl5 lzifsn] lghfdtl sd{rf/l;/x tna, k]g;gnufotsf ;a} ;'ljwf kfpg ;s]. of] kifdf w]/} /fd f] eof]. t/ k fylds txb]lv ljzjljbfno;ddsf lzifsx dof{bf, ul/df / ;Ldfsf] dxœj ga' ]/ ljlegg /fhgllts kf6l{sf] lk5nuu' ep/ lxf8\g yfn]. Tof] Hofb} g/fd f] s'/f xf]. lg/ª\s'ztfsf] lj?4df epsf] /fli6«o cfgbf]ngdf ;r]t gful/ssf x}l;otn] efu lng' / /fhgllts tyf k]zfut :jtgqtfsf] kifdf nfug' :jfefljs xf]. ;r]t JolQm epsf sf/0f lzifs s'g} /fhgllts ljrf/wf/f af]sg ;S5, t/ pglx kf6l{sf] ;b:o rflxf x'fb} x'g'x'gg. of] untl k~rfot sfnd} eof] ls ax'bn cfpkl5 < k~rfotl sfnel/ plt;f/f] untl epsf] lypg. ax'bn cfpkl5 g} xf] 7"nf] e"n epsf]. ax'bn cfpkl5 lzifs z'4 lzifs ep/ a:g'kyof] {. t/ To;f] x'g ;s]g. lzifsx /fhgllts bnsf] ;b:o dfq x}g, sfo{stf{ g} ep/ lxf8\g yfn]. pglx df /fhgllts dxœjfsfª\iff a9\of].

{ { lxhf] lzifsnfo{ k]g;g, pkbfg lboggyof], tna klg sd lyof], k]zfut xslxtsf] nflu ;Ë7g epg eg]/ n8\of} +. xfdln] tl ;a} kfof} +. ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] Ifdtf cg';f/ lzifsnfo{ tna tyf ;'ljwf klg lbo/x]sf] 5. t/ ha xfdl k]zfut kdf 9'Ss eof}+, ;/sf/l sfd slxn] hfnf 3fdÚ eg] }F k9fpg 5f8]/ kf6l{sf] 08f af]sg yfnof}+. /fhgllt ug]{ dg ep lzifs 5f8]/ lxf8\g' kyof]{ t/ lzifssf] tna vfp/} /fhglltdf lxf8\g yfnof}+. jf:tjdf lzifsn] cfˆgf] st{jo lgjf{x gu/]/ ;fdflhs ck/fw g} u/]sf 5g\. To:t}u/L cfˆgf] /fhgllts sfo{stf{ agfp/ /fhgllts bnx n] klg plq g} 7"nf] ck/fw u/]sf 5g\. lzifsx /fhglltdf nfubfsf] ;a}egbf 7"nf] gsf/ftds c;/ s] xf] < bnlo /fhglltdf nfug] h:tf] lzifsx sf] unt Jojxf/sf sf/0f g]kfnl ;dfhn] 7"nf] d"no r'sfpg' k/]sf] 5. ;fj{hlgs lziffsf] :t/ olt w]/} vl:sg'sf] d'vo sf/0f klg oxl xf]. cfh lghl ljbfnoaf6 P;Pn;Ldf w]/} ljbfyl{ /fd f];fu pql0f{ x'g5g\ t/ ;fj{hlgs ljbfnoaf6 t'ngftds kdf lgss} sd dfq kf; x'g5g\. Tof] ;a lzifs /fhgllts sfo{stf{ eolbgfn] epsf] xf]. p;n] cfˆgf] bflotj af]w u/]/ sfd u/]sf] ep o:tf] cj:yf cfpg] lypg. ;dfhdf lzifssf] dof{bf klg oxl sf/0fn] 36]sf] xf]. x}g k'/:sf/sf] klg oyf]lrt k agw ul/g'k5{. clxn] klg /fd f lzifs gepsf xf]ogg\. t/ ltgsf] oyf]lrt sb/ ;dfh / ;/sf/ b'j}n] u/]sf 5}gg\. /fd f lzifssf] sb/ ug]{ / To;nfO{ k rf/k ;f/ ug]{ sfd ;a} ldn]/ ug'{k5{. olt dfq x'g;sof] eg] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf %) k ltzt ;'wf/ s]xl ;dokl5 g} cfpf5. ljz]if clwj]zgsf] tof/ldf /x]sf] lzifs o'lgogsf af/]df s] egg'x'g5 < d lzifs o'lgogsf] g]t[tjdf /x]sf ;fylx nfo{ ;dfhk lt OdfGbf/ ep/ cfˆgf efjl sbdx cufl8 a9fpg ljz]if cg'/f]w ub{5'. lziff b]zsf] d]?b08 xf], lziff g} /fd f] gepkl5 ;dfh cufl8 a9\g} ;Sb}g. of] s'/fnfo{ x[boëd u/]/ cfkm" klg z'4 lzifs x'g] / c lzifsnfo{ klg z'4 / k]zfut pq/bflotj s'zntfsf ;fy lgjf{x ug{ ;Ifd agfpg] d"n bflotj lzifs o'lgogsf] xf]. lzifssf] k]zfut biftf a9fpg] / Tof] ;Lk siffsf]7fdf k of]u ug]{ jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ lzifs o'lgogn] ;a}egbf a9l e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;S5. To;}u/L lzifs o'lgog ljlegg bndf cfa4 lzifs ;+3 ;Ë7gsf] dxf;+3 x}g, sn]hsf ljbfyl{ o'lgog h:tf] ;f] } lgjf{lrt x'g] k4lt ckgfpg'k5{. o;f] ubf{ s'g} ;d"xn] Psnf}6L lhtg] / affsl ;a} kfvf kg]{ cj:yf klg cfpg lbg'x'fb}g. a? To;lglDt ;dfg'kflts k ltlglwtjsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{. s] lzifsnfo{ siffsf]7f k lt pq/bfol agfpg ;lsg5 t < ;lsg5. agfpg} klg k5{. lzifs z'4 lzifs dfq} x'g'k5{. t/ clxn] xfdln] egb}df g /fhgllts bnx n] lzifsnfo{ ca ltdlx xfd f] sfo{stf{ gagú eg]/ egg]jfnf 5g\ g t lzifsx n] g} /fhgllts bnnfo{ kl/tofu ul/lbg5g\. Tof] ;do cfpg cln ;do nfunf. To;}n] lzifssf] sfdsf] d"nofígsf ug]{ / ;f]xl cfwf/df p;nfo{ u ]8 j[l4 tyf c ;'ljwf lbg] gllt agfog'k5{ / To;nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfl/g'k5{. ljbfyl{sf] l;sfo :t/ Go"gtd klg b]lvpg eg] ;DalGwt lzifssf] u ]8 /f]ssf ;d]t ug}{ k5{. Tolta]nf lzifsn] dnfo{ lglzrt ;ª\Vofdf dfq ljbfyl{ lbog'k5{ egg ;S5. ;/sf/ / cleefjsn] ljbfyl{ ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df lzifs / ef}lts ;'ljwfsf] k agw ul/lbg'k5{. clg k j]z k/liff lng] / s'g :t/;ddsf ljbfyl{ egf{ ug]{ egg] lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ klg lzifsnfo{ g} lbog'k5{. b08 dfq ha xfdl k]zfut kdf 9'Ss eof} +, ;/sf/l sfd slxn] hfnf 3fdÚ eg] } F k9fpg 5f8]/ kf6l{sf] 08f af]sg yfnof} +. /fhgllt ug] dg ep lzifs 5f8]/ lxf8\g' kyof] t/ lzifssf] tna vfp/} /fhglltdf lxf8\g yfnof} +. jf:tjdf lzifsn] cfˆgf] st{jo lgjf{x gu/]/ ;fdflhs ck/fw g} u/]sf 5g\. ls/0f kf08] lzifs r}t @)^$ 13

l/kf]6{ l6kk0fl lzifs /fhgllt o'lgogsf] cf}lrto Û o'lgognfo{ ;ffrr} ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnl lzifsx sf] ;f f 5ftf ;+:yf agfpg] xf] eg] clxn]sf] ;fë7lgs k f?kdf cfd"n kl/jt{g u/l h'g;'s} ljbfnodf k9fpg] lzifsn] klg o'lgogsf] k f/ldes ;b:o agg kfpg] x'g'kb{5. g] kfndf ljbfno lziffsf] lj:tf/ / lzifsx ;Ël7t x'g] k of;, @))& ;fnsf] kl/jt{gkl5 ;Fu;Fu} z'? epsf] xf], h'g cbflk hf/l 5. tyflk :s"n lzifsx ;Ël7t x'g] k lqmofn] d"t{?k rflxf @)#^ sf] ljbfyl{ cfgbf]ngkl5 dfq lng ;Sof]. Tolta]nf e"ldut cj:yfdf /x]sf] g]skf dfn]sf] jr{:j;lxt g]kfn /fli6«o lzifs ;Ë7gsf] :yfkgf epsf] xf]. To;sf] aflx/l cfj/0fdf k hftgqjfbl lzifsx klg cfj4 ep k]zfut ;Ë7gsf] gfddf. Pp6f ;do cfof] k hftgqjfblx ToxfF c6\g ;s]gg\. k hftgqjfbl lzifsx sf] a]un} ;Ë7g g]kfn lzifs ;+3 @)$& j}zfv #) ut] v'nof]. g]kfn /fli6«o lzifs ;Ë7gleq cfk;l tgfj, ljjfb / /fhgllts dgf]dflngokzrft u7g ul/psf] g]kfn lzifs ;+3 ;+ejtm clxn] klg ;a}egbf a9l ;b:o ;ª\Vof epsf] lzifs ;+:yf xf]. Tolta]nf k hftgqjfbl / jfdkgyl lzifsx km'6]sf] h:tf] b]lvp klg lzifs ;+3sf] hgd g]kfn /fli6«o lzifs ;Ë7gsf] cf}krfl/s ljefhgaf6 epsf] lypg. oyfy{df k hftflgqs k lqmofdf lzifssf ;+:yfnfo{ o;/l ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg5 egg] pbfx/0f k :t't ug{sf nflu Tof] hdsf]{ ul/psf] lyof]. Tof] k of; z'?sf! @ jif{;dd t ;zqm kdf eof], To;kl5sf lbgdf s] eof], Tof] ;a}sf ;fd' :ki6 g} 5. ;du /fhglltn] cfˆgf] ugtjo lal;{psf] a]nfdf, k]zfut ;+:yfx klg /fhgllt sd k]zfut a9l x'g g;sbf p:t} k s[ltsf w]/} ;+:yfx hgdfbf /x]5g\ kbsf] efua08fsf nflu klg. To;sf] pbfx/0f ag]sf] 5 g]kfn lzifs o'lgog. ;+3 / ;Ë7gsf] Pstf jftf{sf qmddf ax; z'? epsf] lyof] b'j}sf] PsLs/0f jf ;+3Lo ;+/rgf jf ;xh / ;a} c6\g] k lt:kwf{tds o'lgog < Pstfsf] lg/y{s ax; tyf cf cfˆgf] ;+:yfsf] :jfledfg w/f}6l /fv]/ agg] dxf;+3lo ;+/rgfegbf v'nnf k lt:kwf{af6 5flgg] lzifs g]t[tj h?/l 5 egg] s'/fdf of] kª\lqmsf/ klg lyof]. t/ o'lgog ol b'j} 9fFrfeGbf km/s cfof]. kl/0ffdtm o'lgog ;a} k sf/sf ljbfnosf lzifssf] jf:tljs ;+ +:yf agg ;s]sf] 5}g. o;df ;+3 / ;Ë7g afx]ssf ;+:yfx of t 5}gg\ of ep klg tl s]xl lhnnfdf dfq ;Lldt 5g\. ;fë7lgs kif lrgtfhgs 5. d[tk fom ;+:yfx nfo{ ;+:yfks ;b:otf lbfb} lxf8\g'kg]{ t/ ljbfnodf k9fpg] lzifsnfo{ rflxf ;b:otf lbg gldng] o'lgogsf] afwotf 5. lzifsx n] ;Lw} ;b:otf gkfpg] g]kfn lzifs o'lgogn] slt lzifsx sf] k ltlglwtj ub{5 < s s;sf] lxtsf vflt/ sfd ub{5 < s;af6 pmhf{ k fkt xl/ljgf]b clwsf/l ub{5 < egg] h:tf k Zgx cfh;dd cg'ql/t g} 5g\. o'lgognfo{ g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ lzifsx sf] ;f f ynf] agfpg] xf] eg] clxn]sf] efua08fsf] ;+/rgfegbf lgtfgt km/s t/ ljbfnodf k9fpg] hf] sf]xl klg ;b:o x'g], ltglx sf] cledtaf6 dfq o'lgogsf] ;Ë7g lgdf{0f x'g] j}wflgs Joj:yf ul/g'k5{. d}n] a' ];Dd, g]kfndf cl:ttjdf /x]sf sltko lzifssf ;Ë7gx o'lgogdf cfa4 5}gg\. Toltdfq xf]og, tf]lspsf ;+:yfks ;+:yfafx]s c ToxfF k j]z ug{ klg kfpfb}gg\. o'lgogsf] lgjf{rgdf s'g} klg pdd]bjf/nfo{ k ToIf dt lbg kfofb}g. k ToIftM pdd]bjf/ x'g klg kfofb}g. yfxf kfp;dd sf7df8f} F h:tf lhnnfdf ;d]t o'lgogsf] lgjf{rg x'g;s]sf] 5}gÙ hals o'lgogsf] efua08fsf] klxnf] sfo{sfn ;lsg} nfu]sf] 5. &% lhnnfdwo] w]/}h;f]df lgjf{rg gx' Fb} zfxl ;Í6sfndf g} s]gb Lo lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug' {kg] { afwotf o'lgognfo{ lsg k/]sf] lyof] egg] cfh;dd a' g ;lspsf] 5}g. Psflt/ o'lgogsf] :yfkgf epsf] 5 / csf] {lt/ cflwsfl/s ;fdflhs ;f}bfafhl ug{sf nflu /fli6«o:t/df g]kfn lzifs o'lgogsf] dfq cl:ttj /flvpsf] 5 P]g lgoddf. o'lgogsf] u7gkzrft g]kfn lzifs ;+3 / g]kfn /fli6«o lzifs ;Ë7g h:tf ;+:yfx ;d]t o'lgogsf] d'v tfs]/ a:g afwo epsf 5g\. o'lgognfo{ ;/sf/sf] ;+/If0f / pmhf{ k fkt ep klg o;sf] pbokzrft g]kfnl z}lifs kmff6df k]zfut xslxtsf 7f]; pknlaw epsf] b]vg ;'Gg kfopsf] 5}g. lzifssf] tflnd, ;'ljwf, nfo;]g;, u'0fftds lziff h:tf ljifodf vf;} kxn epsf] kfofb}g. ;a}lt/ o'lgogsf] k ltlglwtj /flvpsf] 5 t/ o'lgogsf k ltlglwx hxff klg cgof]n / låljwfu :t dfgl;stfdf k :t't x'g] u/]sf] kfog5. cfd lzifsx df rflxf cfˆgf] ;+:yf vf]6f] l;ssfdf kl/0ft x'g nfu]sf] b]v]/ lrgtf k}bf epsf] 5. g]kfn lzifs o'lgognfo{ ;ffrr} ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnl lzifsx sf] ;f f 5ftf ;+:yf agfpg] xf] eg] clxn]sf] ;fë7lgs k f?kdf cfd"n kl/jt{g ug'{kb{5 / h'g;'s} ljbfnodf k9fpg] ep klg o'lgogsf] k f/ldes ;b:o agg kfpg] x'g'kb{5. s]gb df s;/l k ltlglwtj u/fpg] egg] s'/fsf] ;xh tl/sf lglzrt u/l h'g;'s} txsf] cwoiftf ax'dtlo k 0ffnLaf6 k ToIf dtaf6 lgjf{lrt x'g] k fjwfg /flvg'kb{5. o'lgogdf cfj4 x'g] k lqmof / zt{x ;/n / ;xh agfog'kb{5. o'lgog cfkm}f klg dhb'/ dxf;+3sf] ;b:o x'g'kb{5. cfa4 ;+:yfsf] :jtgqtf / ;fdflhs ;f}bfafhlsf] clwsf/ vf]l;g'x'fb}g. -clwsf/l g]kfn lzifs ;+3sf ;+:yfks ;lrj x'g'x'g5._ 14 lzifs r}t @)^$

cfrf/;+lxtf lzifssf] st{jo lz Ifsx sf] cgt/f{li6«o ;Ë7g Ph's];g OG6/Gof;gnn] :t/lo lziffnfo{ k hftflgqs ;dfhsf] dxœjk"0f{ cfwf/ dfg]sf] 5. ;f] ;Ë7gsf cg';f/, lziffn] ;a} s]6fs]6l / o'jfnfo{ ;dfg z}lifs cj;/ k bfg ug{'k5{. lzifs / z}lifs If]qdf sfo{/t ;a}n] lziff If]qdf pknaw ;]jfk lt hgtfsf] ljzjf; hufpg sfd ug{'k5{ egg] s'/f klg ;f] ;Ë7gn] dfg]sf] 5. ol p2]zo k"/f ug{sf nflu / lzifsx nfo{ cfˆgf] k]zfut cfr/0f lgwf{/0f ug{sf nflu d2t k'uf];\ eg]/ lzifsx sf] cfrf/;+lxtf tof/ u/]sf] 5. o;n] lzifsx sf] sfd;fu ;DalGwt glltlgod, sfg"g / sfo{qmdsf k"/ssf kdf ;xof]u ug{ ] ljzjf; ;f] ;Ë7gsf] 5. ;f] cfrf/;+lxtfsf s]xl dxœjk"0f{ c+zx M k]zfk ltsf] k lta4tf lzifsn] lzifsx n] cfk"mdflysf] hgcf:yf / ljzjf; sfod /fvg] u/l sfd ug{'k5{ / ;a} ljbfyl{x nfo{ :t/lo lziff lbp/ cfˆgf] k]zfut ;Ddfg a9fpg'k5{, k]zfut 1fgnfO{ lgoldt kdf cbfjlws / ;'wf/ ug{'k5{, hljge/ l;sg' k]zfk ltsf] k lta4tfsf] Pp6f cë xf] egg] s'/fnfo{ :jlsfb{} l;sfosf] k lqmof, tl/sf / ;do lgwf{/0f ug{'k5{, cfˆgf] biftf / of]uotf;fu ;DalGwt ;a} hfgsf/l ;fj{hlgs ug{'k5{, ;Ë7gdf ;lqmo kdf ;xeful ep/ cfˆgf] sfd ug{ ] cj:yfnfo{ /fd f] kfg{ k of; ug{'k5{ h;n] ubf{ Psbd} of]uo dflg;x lzifs x'g nfnflot xf]pg\, lziffsf] If]qdf / o; If]qdfkm{t ;dfhdf k hftgq / dfgjclwsf/sf] k j4{g ug{] ;a} k of;nfo{ ;3fpg'k5{, ljbfyl{k ltsf] ] k lta4tf lzifsn] ;a} s]6fs]6l vf;u/l cfˆgf ljbfyl{x sf] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{'k5{, ljbfyl{sf] lxt / snof0fsf] /Iff / k j4{g ug{'k5{, s'g} klg ljbfyl{nfo{ zf/ll/s tyf dgf]j}1flgs b'jo{jxf/ x'g lbg'x'fb}g, ljbfyl{nfo{ of}g b'jo{jxf/ x'g glbg ;Dej ep;dd ;a} pkfo ckgfpg'k5{, ljbfyl{sf] lxt;fu ;DalGwt ;a} ljifodf pko'qm lsl;dsf] kl/>d ug{'sf ;fy} ol ljifodf ;ts{tf / uf]kglotf ckgfpg'k5{, dfgjclwsf/;dagwl cgt/f{li6«o dfgotf;fu ;'xfpfbf] cfrf/0f ckgfpg ljbfyl{x nfo{ ;3fpg'k5{, ljbfyl{;fu k]zfut ;DaGw sfod /fvg'k5{, x/]s ljbfyl{ c egbf km/s x'g5, x/]s ljbfyl{sf ljz]if cfjzostf x'g5 egg] s'/f :jlsf/ u/l ljbfyl{nfo{ cfˆgf] Ifdtf a9fpg xf};nf lbg'k5{ / dfu{lgb{]z ug{'k5{, ljbfyl{x df cfkm" ;d'bfosf] Ps cë x'f / oxff ;a}nfo{ :yfg 5 egg] efjgf hufpg'k5{, cfˆgf] clwsf/ Gofok"0f{ 9Ën] / ddtfsf ;fy k of]u ug{'k5{, ljbfyl{;fusf] cfˆgf] ;DaGwnfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dn] c vf;u/l wfld{s jf /fhgllts cf:yf abng jf To;nfO{ lgogq0f ug{ b'?kof]u x'g lbg'x'fb}g, cleefjsk ltsf] k lta4tf arrfsf] k ult / lxtsf ;DaGwdf cleefjsn] pko'qm dfwodaf6 lzifs;fu k/fdz{ ug{ kfpg'k5{ egg] s'/fnfo{ dfgotf lbg'k5{, cleefjssf] clwsf/nfo{ cfb/ ub{} arrfsf] lxt x'g] lsl;dsf] k]zfut ;Nnfx lbg'k5{. arrfsf] lziffbliffdf ;lqmotfk"j{s efu lng / arrfsf] lziffdf g/fd f] c;/ kfg{ ] vfnsf sfddf s]6fs]6lnfo{ gnufpg cleefjsnfo{ k f]t;fxg lbg ;a} k of; ug{'k5{. -;g\ @))! h'nfo{df yfonofg8df epsf] Ph's];g OG6/Gof;gnsf] t]; f] cgt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngåf/f kfl/t._ lzifs r}t @)^$ 15

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{ { ls/0f kf08] dfosn u'l/pgåf/f lnlvt æs]6f / s]6ln] km/s lsl;dn] l;s5g\æ gfds k':ts k sflzt eof]. lrlst;s lnofgf8{ ;S; t lrlst;f k]zf 5f8]/ 5fq / 5fqfnfO{ cnuu} k9fpg'k5{ egg] dfgotf k j4{g ug{ g} nfluk/]. pgsf cg';f/ s]6f / s]6ln] l;sg] tl/sf km/s 5. s'g} ;d:of xn ug{ s]6f / s]6ln] lbdfusf] km/s km/s efu rnfpf5g\. sfdsf] rk]6fsf] ef/ yfdg s]6fnfo{ egbf s]6lnfo{ ufx f] x'g5.ú ;S;sf] l;4fgtdf ljzjf; ug]{ cd]l/sfsf] ;fpy Sof/f]lngf /fhosf] lziff ljefudf sfd ug]{ 8]le8 of8j]nsf cg';f/, æs]6fx nfo{ ef}lts kdf rng nufpg'k5{ lsgeg] pglx sf] :gfo' k 0ffnL cffvfn] b]vg] / sfgn] ;'Gg] tl/sfaf6 k efljt x'g5. s]6lx sf] l;sfodf ljifoj:t', ljbfyl{ ljbfyl{ alrsf] ;DaGw / ljbfyl{ lzifsalrsf] ;DaGwn] k efj kf5{. s]6lx nfo{ Pscsf{;Fu s'/f ug{ lbopg eg] pglx n] l;sg ;Sb}gg\. s]6lx nfo{ cfˆgf] hljgdf 36]sf] 36gfnfO{ siffsf]7fsf] ljifoj:t';fu hf]8\g] df}sf lbg'k5{.æ ;S;\sf cg';f/ s]6f / s]6lnfo{ k9fodf k f]t;fxg lbg km/s km/s tl/sf ckgfpg'k5{. 8f= ;S;\ klg klxn] s]6f / s]6ln] l;sg] tl/sfdf km/s 5}g / pglx nfo{ ;x lziff lbg'k5{ egy]. t/ ;g\ @))) df pgsf] lsnlgsdf Pshgf!@ jif] la/fdl cfp. pgl ;x lziff nodf k9\y]. pgl Psbd sd af]ny]. pgnfo{ s]xl klg ug{?rfpfb}gy]. s]6f dfq k9\g] :s"ndf egf{ epkl5 pgl k"/} km]l/p. To;kl5 8f= ;S;\n] s]6fnfo{ dfq k9fpg] / s]6lnfo{ dfq k9fpg] :s"ndf up/ s]6f / s]6lsf] lbdfusf] agf]6 ;DaGwL cg';gwfg ug{ yfn]. cwoog kl5 pgl egg yfn], ædflg;sf] k s[lt lnëdf cfwfl/t x'g5.æ 5fq / 5fqfn] km/s lsl;dn] l;s5g\ of Pp6} lsl;dn] l;s5g\ egg] ljjfbsf] 6'Ëf] ttsfn nfug ;Sg] 5}g t/ klg cd]l/sfdf 5fqfeGbf 5fq k5fl8 epsf] rflxf Pp6f dxœjk"0f{ tyo g} xf]. siff ( b]lv!@ ;Ddsf] dfwolds txsf] lziff ^% k ltzt s]6fx n] rf/ jif{df dfq ;S5g\. ;f]xl lziff rf/ jif{df ;Sg] s]6lx sf] dfqf s]6fx sf] egbf a9l cyf{t\ &@ k ltzt 5. s]6fx km]n x'g] ;Defjgf s]6lx sf] egbf 8]9 u'0ff a9l /x]sf] 5. lbdfusf] agfj6 / 5fq 5fqfsf] ljifoj:t'sf] lr km/s epklg ;fdflhs jftfj/0fn] l;sfodf km/s k5{ egg] s'/fdf b'o{dt x'g;sb}g. ljsl;t b]zx ;f+:s[lts / cfly{s lx;fan] s]6f / s]6lnfo{ ;dfg cj;/ k bfg ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf 5g\. pglx sf] rf;f] csf]{ txdf k'lu;sof]. ljsf;f]gd'v b]zdf ;f+:s[lts dfgotf / cfly{s ljkggtfn] ubf{ 5fq / 5fqfsf] l;sfodf c;/ kfl//x]sf] 5. 5f]/LnfO{ klg :s"n k7fpf egg] gf/f Ps 7fpFdf 5 eg] csf] {lt/ ljbfno k7fp/ s] t < egg] k Zgsf] hjfkm vf]hg klg TolQs} h /L b]lvg5. dfly plnnlvt a]nfotsf] cwoogn] b]vfp cg';f/ 5fq 5fqfnfO{ :s"n hffbf kmfobf x'g5 egg] s'/f b]vfpg' h /L 5. km]n epklg pglx nfo{ :s"nd} /fvg] pkfo lgsfng'k5{. g]kfnsf ;a} siffdf 5fqf sd 5g\. o;nfo{ a9fpg' k5{. o;f] ug{ ] w]/} pkfo 5g\ h:t} ljbfnodf dlxnf lzifssf] ;ª\Vof a9fpg], 5fqfx sf] nflu kof{kt zf}rfnosf] Joj:yf ug] {, 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/, k wfgfwofks cflb k'?if dfq x'g5g\ egg] e d lbg] kf7\o;fdu Lsf 7fpFdf tl sfd dlxnfn] klg u5{g\ egg] ;Gb]z lbg] kf7\o;fdu L agfpg' klg TolQs} cjzos 5. o; afx]s lzifsn] 5fqf / 5fqnfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/ ug' klg h?/l 5. To;kl5 xfdlsxff klg 5fqfx n] k9fopdf prrtd pknlaw xfl;n ug{ ;Snfg\. -@ dfr{ @))* sf] Go"of]s{ 6fOD;df cfwfl/t_ lzifs r}t @)^$ 17

{ ax; ljbfno Joj:yfkg 8f= k"0f{sfgt clwsf/l ;d'bfo e/kbf{ ] ljsnk 18 lzifs r}t @)^$ s] s]xl jif{ klxn]sf] s'/f xf], ndh'ªsf] Pp6f ufpfn] ahf/l:yt dfwolds ljbfnosf] k fë0fdf lzifsx ;Fusf] s'/fsfgldf yfxf eof] To; ljbfnosf] k fylds txdf ljbfyl{ egf{ / pkl:ylt 36\bf] /x]5. clg 9f]s}df v'n]sf] Pp6f 5fk ] af]l8{ª :s"nú df eg] egf{sf] rfk a9\bf] /x]5. o:tf] lsg x'g uof] egg] k ;Ë p7\bf, Pshgf lzifsn] d'v kmf]g'{eof] c sf] t s'/} 5f]l8lbpmF, d}n] klg cfˆgf] 5f]/fnfO{ ToxLF egf{ u/]sf] 5'.Ú pqm ljbfno, h;nfo{ ufpfn] cfkm} Fn] cfˆgf] ; f]t / >dn] agfpsf lyp, rnfpsf lyp / 6f9f 6f9faf6 lzifs NofP/ k9fpg] Joj:yf u/]sf lypù To;nfO{ jgsf] ;fd'bfols/0faf6 v'l/v08] 8fF8fx km]l/ xl/ofnldf kl/0ft eo;s]sf] kl/l:ylt xfd f ;fd' 5. hgtfdf lglxt Ifdtfsf] ;b'kof]u g} o; ;kmntfsf] sf/0f xf]. To;}n] ljbfnosf] ;/sf/ls/0faf6 Ift ljift epsf] lziff If]q klg ;fd'bfols/0faf6 km]l/ k lt:yflkt x'g;sg] cfzf ug{ ;lsg5. @)@* ;fnsf] goff lziff k 0ffnLÚn] ;/sf/ls/0f u of]. z'?sf ljbfyl{ :gfts eo;s]kl5 ToxL ljbfnosf lzifs ep. ol :gfts lzifsx tflnd k fkt 5g\. pglx sf] of]uotf / 3/kfos k/]sf] tna eqfdf klg vf]6 nufpg] 7fpF 5}g. ;a} x[i6k'i6 g} 5g\. ljbfno ejg, kmlg{r/, z}lifs ;fdu L, v]ns'b d}bfgdf klg bf]if b]vfpg] s'/f vf; s]xl 5}g. t/ Pp6} dfq l;sfot 5, lgoldt k9fo x'fb}g. lzifsx clwsf+z kf6l{ut /fhglltdf Jo:t x'g5g\. lzifs lzifs, ljbfyl{ ljbfyl{, lzifs ljbfyl{alr /fhglltsf] s'/fnfo{ lnp/ a]nf a]nfdf u8f eo/fv5.ú cufl8sf] 5fk ] af]l8{ª :s"ndf 7fpF ;ff3'/f] 5, Go"gtd k"jf{wf/ klg k'u]sf 5}gg\. $ % hgfn] C0f lnp/ u/]sf] nufgl p7\g] l:ylt 6f9} 5. of]uo lzifs kfpg wf} wf} 5. kfopsf lzifssf] of]uotf klg kof{kt 5}g. tyflk ljbfyl{ ;ª\Vof a9\bf] 5. t/ oxff k9fo eg] lgoldt kn] x'g] u5{. lzifsnfo{ /fhgllt ug]{ km';{b 5}g. clg cleefjsn] klg a]nf a]nfdf cfˆgf s]6fs]6lsf] k9fo n]vfosf] l:yltaf/] lh1f;f :j k k ltj]bg dfubf /x]5g\, h'g ;/sf/l ljbfnodf 5}g. olt sf/0fn] ubf{ lgmz'ns lziff lbg] ljbfnoaf6 dfl;s?=@ ;o ltg' {kg] { lghl ljbfnodf ljbfyl{ cf]ol/g] qmd a9\bf] 5. o;/l ha cleefjssf] ljzjf; ;/sf/l ljbfnoaf6 x6\g yfnof], ;fwf/0f ;] ;fwf/0f JolQmn] klg cfˆgf s]6fs]6l af]l8{ª :s"ndf /fvg] rfxgf ug{ yfn]ù ta d'n'sdf lghl ljbfnox Rofp } F pd g yfn]. b;jif] { ;z:q ågåsf] bf}/fgdf To; 5fk ] :s"nnfo{ hah{:tl agb u/foof] / ljbfyl{nfo{ ;Fu}sf] ;/sf/l ljbfnodf 3';fl/of]. t/ ;b/d'sfddf To;/L g} v'n]sf] csf] { 5fk ] af]l8{ª :s"nú eg] tlgtnfsf] kssl x'g k'uof]. o;} tlgtn] :s"nsf] 5tdf plep/ Ps lbg To;sf k wfgfwofksnfo{ ;f]w]sf] lypf, ætkfofn] of] ljbfnodf sfd ubf{ / k'/fgf] ljbfnodf sfd ubf{sf] cg'ejdf s] km/s kfpg'eof] <Æ pgsf] hjfkm lyof], æcfgtl/s Joj:yfkgsf] lx;fan] d oxff :jtgq 5'. ;z:q ågån] hlt;'s} xnnfp klg cleefjs v';l ep;dd lghl ljbfno rnfpg ;lsfbf] /x]5. csf] s'/f k'/fgf] :s"ndf egbf oxff d w]/} a9l v6]/ sfd u5' {.Æ pgl lyp hgtfn] cfˆg} kl;gfn] agfpsf] / rnfpsf] ljbfnosf k"j{ ljbfyl{, ;/sf/ls/0f ul/pkl5sf To;} ljbfnosf lzifs / nfdf] ;dosf k wfgfwofks. hgtfn] agfpsf] t/ c } ;/sf/sf] :jfldtjdf /x]sf] Tof] k'/fgf] ljbfnosf] ejg cfh 9Ng] cj:yfdf 5. glhs}sf] ;d'bfon] rnfpsf] csf] { ljbfnon] ;a}sf] cffvf tfg]sf] 5. k9fodf lhnnfdf ;a}nfo{ lht]sf] 5 / p;sf] pq/f]q/ j[l4 eo/x]sf] 5. sf7df8f} Fdf lgofn]/ x]bf{ d}n] cfkm} Fn] k9]sf] k9fpsf]

lq rgb sn]hsf] ejg 9Ng nfu]sf] 5 eg] sltko goff v'n]sf lghl:t/sf!)±@ / sn]hsf ejgsf] :t/ lans'n} legg 5. ljbfno agb epsf] a]nf sf7df8f} Fsf] ;jf/lsf] rfk w]/} g} 36]sf] dx;"; x'g5. ljbfno rnbf ; ;fgf gfglx ctogt k b"lift jftfj/0fdf 306f} F;Dd hah{:tl sf]lrrp/ lg:;fl;fb} zx/sf] Pp6f s'gfaf6 csf] { s'gfdf unxtofopsf b]lvg5g\. d]rlb]lv dxfsfnl;dd o:t} o:t} l:ylt 5. of] ;a lsg eo/x]sf] 5 < lziff If]qdf 3f]lTng]x nfo{ h?/ klg ulxl/p/ ;f]rg afwo kf/]sf] 5. :t/lo lziff s] xf] / Tof] s;/l lng] jf lbg] egg] k ;Ëdf zx/l Onfsfsf s]xl ckjfbnfo{ 5f]8]/, ;/sf/l / lghl ljbfnox sf] k ultdf ctogt} 7"nf] km/s b]lvg cfpf5. k j]lzsf k/liffnfo{ Pp6f ;"rssf] kdf dfgbfv]l/ of] kmf;nfsf] oyfy{tf v'n:t b]lvg5. :t/lo lziffsf] of] dfkg cfkm}fdf ;a} s'/fn] kof{kt xf] egg g;lspnf. t/ h'g sfd u5{ ' egg] lhdd]jf/l lnopsf] xf] Tof] ug{ g;sbf ;DalGwtx sf] bflotjaf]waf/] k Zg p7\g' :jfefljs} xf]. Toltdfq xf]og, pko'{qm j:t'l:yltn] jul{o lziffnfo{ hgd lbo{ d'n'snfo{ g} ;fdflhs ljv08gsf] af6f]lt/ ws]ln/x]5. g]kfnsf] z}lifs ljsf;sf] b[li6sf]0fn] @))& ;fnkl5sf] b'o{bzsnfo{ :jl0f{d o'u egg ;lsg5, ha ufpf ufpfalr ljbfno vf]ng] / s]6fs]6lnfo{ ljbfno k7fpg]df :jtm:km"t{ k lt:kwf{ x'g yfnof]. siffleqsf] k9fosf] u'0fftds kifaf/] klg lh1f;fx z'? eo;s]sf lyp. t/ of] hfu/0fdf @)@* df cfp/ /f]s nfuof] ha /fhosf] bflotjsf] gfdn] xf];\ jf k~rfotl clwgfosjfbl Joj:yfn] lzlift ;d'bfodfly lgogq0f ug]{ x]t'n] xf];\, ;/sf/n] hg;d'bfoaf6 pglx n] ul/cfpsf] ljbfno Joj:yfkg vf]:g k'uof]. o;sf ;sf/ftds / gsf/ftds b'j} c;/ b]vfk/]. ljbfno /fli6«os/0fsf] ;sf/ftds kif z}lifs hfu/0f gk'u]sf 7fpFdf klg ljbfnox v'ng' / lzifsx sf] kfl/>lds -hflu/_ sf] ;'/Iff x'g' eof] eg] gsf/ftds rflxf z}lifs ljsf;df hgtf k"/} 6fl9g / s]jn ;/sf/sf cfzfd'vldf ;Lldt agg k'u]. o;n] ubf{ Psflt/ cfˆg} ufpfsf] cfkm}fn] v8f u/]sf ljbfnox hgtfaf6 la/fgf xf 'b} up eg] csf] {lt/ lzifsx sf] lgi7f rflxf ufpf 6f]naf6 ;b/d'sfd / To;kl5 s]z/dxnlt/ tflgg k'uof]. ha @)#^ df cfp/ lzifsx dfly ;/sf/sf] lgogq0f v'l:sof], /fhozlqm klg lziff If]qaf6 lg/fz x'fb}uof]. v'nf kdf /fhglltdf nfug] 5'6 kfpkl5 sltko lzifsx /fhgllts kf6l{sf l;q}fsf sfo{stf{df kl/0ft x'g k'u]. To;}n] b;jif] { ;z:q ågåsfndf bf]xf]/f] kmfol/ëdf k/]/ sltko lzifssf] Hofg u'dof] eg] sltko rflxf Hofg hf]ufpg lj:yflkt ep. kl/0ffdtm sltko ufpfsf ljbfnox lzifsljxlg x'g k'u]. lziff If]qdf d'n'ssf] ctogt 7"nf] nufgl x'fbfx'fb} klg of] If]q k"/} tx;gx; x'g k'u]sf] 5. Pp6f ;fwf/0f pbfx/0f lnpfm. lxf8\bf lxf8\b} cffvf kf]ng yfnof] eg] ;aegbf klxnf cfˆg} xftn] 5fldG5. s]xl k/]sf] ep To;nfO{ lgsfng sf]l;; ul/g5. Tolt ubf{ epg eg] glhs}sf] csf] { JolQmnfO{ x]l/lbgf]:gú eg]/ cfu x ul/g5. p;n] ;s] 7Ls ul/lbg5, s]xl kmf]xf]/ k/]sf] /x]5 eg] km's]/ x6folbg5, g;s] 8fS6/sxfF hfg ;Nnfx lbg5. 8fS6/n] klg ;s]sf] pkrf/ u5{ / g;s] cgt hfg ;Nnfx lbg5. t/ olb sf]xl cfˆgf] cffvf lgsf] kfl/lbg] bflotj /fhosf] xf] eg]/ a:5 eg] p;sf] l:ylt s] xf]nf < cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] k9fosf] bflotj afa'cfdf :jo+n] glnp/ s]z/dxndf ;'Dkbf h] x'g] xf] cfh ToxL eo/x]5. ;Sg]sf s]6fs]6lnfo{ klg l;q}fdf k9fpg] bflotj ;/sf/n] lsg af]sg] < p;n] t g;sg]sf] nflu Joj:yf ug]{ xf]. olb ljbfnox ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t x'fbf x'g\ ljbfno Joj:yfkgsf] clwsf/ ;d'bfodf egg'sf] dtna ;d'bfosf] ;zlqms/0f xf]. lhdd]jf/l axg ug{ ' / clwsf/ k fkt ug{ ' Pscsf{sf kof{ojfrl x'g\. ol b'j}sf] pkof]uaf6 g} ;zlqms/0f x'g5 / hg;d'bfo alnof] x'g5. /ljg ;fo\ld lzifs r}t @)^$ 19

20 ax; ljbfno Joj:yfkg lzifs r}t @)^$ t wgl ul/asf s]6fs]6l Ps}7fpFdf k9\y], h;/l @)@* ;fn cufl8 kl9/x]sf lyp. h'g s'/f ;d'bfosf] a'tfb]lv aflx/ x'g5 ;/sf/ To;df dfq} ;+nug ep k'ug] x'gyof]. Pp6f gful/ssf] hgdb]lv d[to';ddsf] ;a} bflotj /fhosf] xf], clg /fho egg' g} ;/sf/ xf] egg] dfgotfdf v8f epsf] ;f]leot ;dfhjfbl k 0ffnL ha ;ft bzsd} w/f;fol eof], ta /fhosf] bflotjsf] gfddf epsf sltko clwgfosjfbl Joj:yfx sf] klg kqf;fkm x'g k'uof]. o;sf] c;/n] NofPsf] b'/j:yf s]jn ;f]leot ;+3n] dfq xf]og p;sf] ;fdlko jf k efjdf /x]sf k To]s /fi6«n] ef]ug' k of]. o;n] /fhosf] kl/efiff / ;+/rgfaf/] g} ctogt 7"nf] k Zg k}bf u/]sf] 5. oyfy{ s] xf] eg] /fho eg]sf] ;/sf/ dfq xf]ú egg] dfgotf ca dl/;s]sf] 5. To;}n] ;dfhjfbsf] gfddf o; d[t nf;nfo{ af]ls/fvg'sf] s'g} cf}lrto g} affsl 5}g. To;}sf/0f /fho / ;dfhjfbsf] klg cfh goff kl/efiffsf] vffrf] k/]sf] 5. /fho s] xf] / p;sf] bflotj s] xf] egg] s'/f /fd /L ga'l sg ljbfnox sf] ;fd'bflosls/0faf/] ;f]rg} ;lsfb}g. oxl cfp/ ;f]rdf kl/jt{gsf] h /t 5. goff ;f]r cg';f/ /fhosf] kl/efiff s]jn ;/sf/ dfqdf ;Lldt geosg ;d'bfo, :yfglo lgsfo, /fhgllts kf6l{, gful/s ;dfh, ;/sf/l cw{;/sf/l lghl ;+:yfx ;d]tsf] e"ldsfdf lj:tfl/t x'g hfg5. o;/l /fho Psn w 'jlo zlqmaf6 ax'w' jlo zlqmx sf] ;Gt'ngdf kfgtl/t x'g5. o; Joj:yfdf hgtf g} ;a} s'/fsf] s]gb lagb' x'g5. o;n] ubf{ ;fdflhs kfgt/0fsf k To]s kifdf hgtf cfk"m g} stf{ x'g5 g ls s;}k lt cfzfd'vl ep/ affrg] dugt] jf nfeu fxl dfq. o:tf] ax'w 'jlo olb sf]xl cfˆgf] cffvf lgsf] kfl/lbg] bflotj /fhosf] xf] eg]/ a:5 eg] p;sf] l:ylt s] xf]nf < cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] k9fosf] bflotj afa'cfdf :jo+n] glnp/ s]z/dxndf ;'Dkbf h] x'g] xf] cfh ToxL eo/x]5. /ljg ;fo\ld /fhosf k To]s kifx sf] cf cfˆg} e"ldsf x'g5. oxl s'/f lziff If]qdf klg nfu" x'g5. ; f]t;dkgg /fhon] clwgfosjfbl z}nld} epklg ;a} s'/f ul/lbpb]lv ;a}nfo{ xfo;~rf] g} x'g]lyof] t/ To:tf] ;f]rfo lbjf:jkgegbf a9l x'g ;Dej x' Fb}g. g]kfnsf] lziffdf ul/psf] tlg bzsegbf a9lsf] k of]un] ;dfhnfo{ lg/fzf, ljs[lt / cgof]nafx]s s]xl lbg g;s]sf]af6 klg To:tf] ;f]rfosf] lg/y{stf k'li6 x'g5. olb oxl tyonfo{ cftd;ft u/]/ ljbfnosf] Joj:yfkg ;d'bfonfo{ lkmtf{ ug{ vf]lhpsf] xf] eg] o; s'/f;fu uffl;psf r'gf}tlx sf] ;fdgf ug{ ttk/ x'g' klg plqs} h?/l 5. cgoyf, of] csf] { 5n dfq xf] ls egg] k Zg p7\g' :jfefljs x'g5. jgsf] ;fd'bfols/0faf6 v'l/v08] 8fF8fx km]l/ xl/ofnldf kl/0ft eo;s]sf] kl/l:ylt xfdl g]kfnlsf ;fd' ljbdfg 5. hgtfdf lglxt Ifdtfsf] ;b'kof]u g} o; ;kmntfsf] sf/0f xf]. To;}n] ljbfnox sf] ;/sf/ls/0faf6 Ift ljift epsf] lziff If]q klg ;fd'bfols/0faf6 km]l/ k lt:yflkt x'g;sg] cfzf ug{ ;lsg5. t/ To;lglDt ;f]rdf OdfGbf/L / sfof{gjogdf /fhgllts k lta4tf clgjfo{ x'g5. g]kfnsf /fhgllts bnx nfo{ x]bf{ nfu5 ol ;a} k ultzln 5g\. tyflk Tof] k ultzlntf s]sf] nflu egg] k Zg 68\sf/f] 5. ;dfhjfbsf] gfddf s]lgb t /fho;qfnfo{ g} ;a} s'/fsf] lhddf nufpg] xf] eg] @)^@ )^# sf] hgcfgbf]ngsf] efjgf;fu of] ;Lw} 6s/fpF5. s]gb Ls[t /fho;qf clwgfosjfbl ep/ ;a} hg;d'bfosf] cl:ttjnfo{ gsf/]sf] 5 eg]/ ;+3Lo zf;gk4lt ckgfpfb} cftdlg0f{o ug{ kfpg] clwsf/sf] vf]hlsf nflu hg;d'bfo cfkm}f cu ;/ epsf] l:yltdf ;f] s]gb sf] clwsf/sf] aff8kmff8df lziff If]qdf hg;d'bfosf] clwsf/ klg ;'lglzrt ug{ ' h /L x'g5. To;sf/0f ljbfnox sf] Joj:yfkgsf] clwsf/ ;d'bfodf egg'sf] dtna ;d'bfosf] ;zlqms/0f xf]. lhdd]jf/l axg ug{ ' / clwsf/ k fkt ug{ ' Pscsf{sf kof{ojfrl x'g\. ol b'j}sf] pkof]uaf6 g} ;zlqms/0f x'g5 / hg;d'bfo alnof] x'g5. To;af6 g} nf]stgqsf] cfwf/ alnof] x'g5. s]gb Ls[t /fho;qf;fu ;w} F lge{/ eo/fvg] xf] eg] ;d'bfodf slxno} cftdan knfpfb}g. cftdan gepsf] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;dfh slxno} klg clwgfosjfbsf] lj 4 p7\g ;Qm}g / ;dfh Psk sf/sf] clwgfosjfbaf6 csf] { k sf/sf] clwgfosjfbdf dfq cled'v eo/fv5. O/fg, O/fs, Olyof]lkof, ckmuflg:tfg, kfls:tfg h:tf sltko t]; f] ljzjsf d'n'sx n] of] ;Gb]z lbo/x]sf 5g\. To;}n] lziff If]q ;dfhsf] nflu Tolt g} dxœjk"0f{ 5 h:tf] dfgj z/l/sf] nflu cls;hg. h;/l k b"lift xfjfdf z/l/ un]/ hfg5 / :j:y agg ;Sb}gÙ To;/L g} k b"lift lziffn] ;dfh km:6fpg ;Sb}g. lziff If]qdf sfd ug]{ k To]s JolQmdf of] s'/fsf] r]tgf xf]cf];\. c:t' Û

ax; ljbfno Joj:yfkg 8f= ljbfgfy sf]o/fnf lhdd]jf/l :yfglo ;/sf/sf] b]z ;+3Lo ag] klgù k fgtlo ag] klgù e'/] 6fs'/] afo;l rf}al;l ag] klgù hgjfbl s]gb Lotf cfufn] klg cyjf s]gb Lo ;f]rd} a;] klg :yfglo ;/sf/n] hg lziffsf] lhddf lng}k5{. ljbfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt :yfglo ;/sf/k lt lhdd]jf/ x'g'k5{. k lxnf Joj:yfkg b]v]f. kl5 u/]f. clxn] kms]{/ x]bf{ nfu5 b]v]sf] u/]g5'. u/]sf] b]v]g5'. d dfwolds ljbfnosf] k wfgfwofks x' Fbf uwf krrl;] sf6]s} lyogf. To;}n] zfob x]g] { cffvf g} ag]g5 cfdfsf] u[x Joj:yfkgaf6 s] l;sf} F egg] cffvfù afa'sf] cfly{s Joj:yfkgaf6 s] vf]hf} F egg] cffvfù ul/a blntj:tlsf] ; f]t Joj:yfkg vf]hg] cffvfù sldnf / df}/lsf] hgzlqm Joj:yfkgsf] n]vfhf]vf ug] { cffvfù dw]zsf] aft/ / rdf/sf] dfohgl z}nldf z}lifs Joj:yfkg ldnfpg] cffvf. o;/l x]bf{ nfu5ù d}n] Joj:yfkg hflggf. ghflgsg} c;n Joj:yfks sxnfopf. o; cy{df lstfal Joj:yfks ag] F. t}klg ljbfyl{ kl/rfng u/] F. To;}n] pglx n] ljbfno xftfleq vla?jf /f]k]. x'sf{p. t/ klg Tof] vdf pglx sf] JolQmut df]x b]lvgf. df6f]sf 8Nnf af]s]. ljbfno ejgdf l Fu6L /fv]. uf/f] nufpg ;3fP. t}klg Tof] ejg eltsfbf lrq b'vfpsf] b]lvgf. lzifs / Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox sf] klg ToxL xfn eof]. of] cj:yfaf6 d}n] a' ] F Joj:yfkgdf b'o{ s'/f] rflxg] /x]5. klxnf], d of] sfd u5' { eg]/ :je"ldsf lgwf{/0f ug]{ u/fpg] kl/j]z. bf]; f]ù cfk"mn] lgjf{x u/]sf] e"ldsfsf] k':t}gl x:tfgt/0f. tlg bzskl5 cg'ej u5{ ' b'j} s'/f epg5g\. o; cy{df d]/f] Joj:yfkg d};fu lkmlt{p5. d]/f] lstfa Joj:yfkg / z}lifs Joj:yfkgsf cg]sg\ lstfa, n]vx kl9of]. ltgn] dnfo{ l;4fgt lbp. k lqmof lbp. k ljlw lbp. t/ ltgnfo{ k9]/ d}n] d]/f] hljgt Joj:yfkg hf]8\g hflggf. d]/f lzifsn] klg dnfo{ hf]8\g l;sfpgg\. clxn] dnfo{ nfu5 pg}n] klg hf]8\g hfg]sf lypgg\. To;}n] d klg pglh:t} k08f ls/0f kf08] epf egg hfgg], ug{ ghfgg]. pgl h:t} JofVofsf/ epf k9]s} pbfx/0f lbg hfgg]ù k/]sf] pbfx/0f hf]8\g ghfgg]. o; cy{df d cfˆgf lzifssf] kmf]6f]skl epf. To;}n] d}n] kmf]6f]skl a'l4 / cg'ejhgo a'l4nfo{ 5'6\ofPF. ToxL+ ts{ hf]8]f. l;4fgt / Jojxf/ km/s x'g5 eg]f. o; cy{df d Jojxf/f]Gd'v bfz{lgs / bz{gf]gd'v Jofjxfl/s (epigogue) b'j} alggf. To;}n] cfgbf]ngdf lzifs. 6fOn/ / dfof]df a'wlsf] Joj:yfkg gvf]h]/ cgofo u/] +. o; cy{df d]/f] lstfa cgofol /x]5. d]/f u'?x cgofol /x]5g\. d klg cgofols} lsqfsf] dfg5] /x]5'. lzifs r}t @)^$ 21

ax;m ljbfno Joj:yfkg ls/0f kf08] hftlo ;+/rgfn] ljbfno Joj:yfkg u/]g. wd{n] u of], t/ cfd lziff agfpg. jul{o lziff g} agfof]. :s"n cfpg]sf] lziff g} agfof]. lzifsn] klg ToxL u of]. Joj:yfkg ;ldlt klg To:t} sfd ul//x]sf] 5. o; l:yltdf cfd lziffsf] lhddf lng] lgsfo sf] t < d a'wl bdfo{sf] u[x Joj:yfkgdf 6fOn/ vf]lhbgf. dfof] vf]lhbgf. o;/l d}n] a'wlsf] ;fgf] egfodf 6fOn/ / dfof]sf] 7"nf] egfo jf l;4fgt ghf]8]/ cgofo u/] +. 6fOn/ / dfof]df a'wlsf] Joj:yfkg gvf]h]/ cgofo u/] +. o; cy{df d]/f] lstfa cgofol /x]5. d]/f u'?x cgofol /x]5g\. d klg cgofols} lsqfsf] dfg5] /x]5'. d]/f] ljbfno Joj:yfkg Oltxf;n] eg5 d]/f ljbfnox lzifsn] Joj:yfkg u/]. ltgn] Joj:yfkg ubf{ lziff jul{o agof] k9\g ;Sg] ju{sf] lziff. cyf{t\ lzifsn] c nfo{ x]/]gg\. To;}n] xfdl lzifsx jul{o a'l4sf agof}f. ;do;fu} Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] lziffsf] lhddf lnof] :s"n cfpsfnfo{ /fd /L k9fpg]. of] qmddf :s"n cfpg]sf] Joj:yfks agof}f. cyf{t\ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt dwod / prr ju{sf] agof]. lzifsnfo{ klg Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] Tot} ws]nof]. To;}n] lzifs klg dwod / prr ju{s} agof}f. ltgs} lziff x]g]{. ltgs} jsfnt ug]{. g]kfnl tyofín] cs}{ kf6f] lbof]. P3f/ k ltzt afnaflnsf ljbfno cfpgg\.!% k ltztn] siff! d} 5f]8]. k fylds txdf siff bf]xf] ofpg]x #% k ltzt ep. of] tyofín] cs} { Joj:yfkg vf]hof]. lzifsn] u/]sf] jul{o rl/qsf] Joj:yfkgeGbf legg. Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] dwod / prr jul{o ;]jf ug]{ a'l4egbf legg. t/ ;/sf/n] a' ]g. To;}n] pm lzifssf] Joj:yfkgd} cln of]. ljbfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ g} clgtd 6'Ëf]sf] ljs]gb Ls/0f elg/xof]. ToxLF xfd f] ljbfnolo Joj:yfkg a]sfd] eof]. /x/ cfd lziffsf] af]sg]. rl/q jul{o lziffsf] /flv/fvg]. oxl d]/f] r'gf}tl xf]. ljbfnon] cfd lziffsf] lhddf lnb}g egg] r'gf}tl. Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] cfd lziffsf] Uof/]G6L ub} {g egg] r'gf}tl. ljzj a} +sn] of] efiff a' ]g. To;sf dltof/ ;/sf/l dgqlx n] klg a' ]gg\. ltg}sf] j/k/ 3'Dg] sd{rf/ln] a' ]gg\. 22 lzifs r}t @)^$

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' ;a}n] lgjf{x ug} { kg] { x'g5. cfhsf ljbfyl{ ef]lnsf s0f{wf/ x'g\. ef]lnsf] g]kfn / ef]lnsf g]kfnl s:tf] x'g'k5{, ltgsf] :j?k, :jefj / ;+/rgf s:tf] agfpg] egg] s'/fdf b[li6ut u/]/ cfhsf] lziff Joj:yfn] lbzfaf]w ug{ ;Sg'kb{5. bzsf}f;dd klg cl:y/ / ;ª\qmd0fsfnaf6 u'lh /xg'kg]{ lgoltdf g]kfnn] l:y/ / k ultzln lziffsf] ljsf;df nfug' Pp6f lgs} 7"nf] r'gf}tl dfq gep/ /fi6«pj+ ;dfhsf] vffrf] klg xf]. To:t} 1fgsf] Go"gtd cfwf/sf] kdf /fli6«o :jtjsf] klxrfg, dfgjtfsf] dof{bf, :yfglo ;Dkbf / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / ljsf;lt/ ljbfyl{x nfo{ ;r]t u/fpg'nfo{ k To]s lzifsn] klg cfˆgf] st{jo ;D g'kb{5. o:tf] cj:yf l;h{gf ug] { sfddf ;dfh, ;/sf/ tyf ;/f]sf/ cleefjsx dfq x}g /fhgllts kf6l{ jf ltgsf sfo{stf{x ;d]tn] ljz]if l;h{gzln sbdx rfng'kg]{ 38L cfpsf] 5. ;d'ggt g]kfnsf] hu ToxLFaf6 z'? x'g5. lzif0f k]zfnfo{ dof{lbt / cf:yfjfg agfpg tyf lziffsf] :t/f]ggltsf lgldt b]z, df6f], sfn / kl/l:ylt cg's"n k9fo ;~rfng x'g] jftfj/0f ctofjzos x'g5. g]kfnh:tf] ax'eflifs, ax'hftlo Pj+ ljifd ef}uf]lns ljljwtfdf hsl8psf] /fi6«df ljljw 1fgaf6 ;DkGg lzifssf] cfjzostf kb{5. /fli6«o Joj:yf Ps epklg Jo~hg cyf{t\ v'/fs cg]s x'g'kg] { l:ylt 68\sf/f] 5. o;sf nflu cf}krfl/s egbf cgf}krfl/s lziffsf] 7"nf] e"ldsf x'g;s5. lziffljb\ s]bf/eqm dfy]dfsf] ljrf/ cg';f/ æclxn] ljbfnodf xfdln] sf]/f kf7x 3f]sfPsf dfq 5f}F, ltgsf] 1fgsf] bfo/f x'g'kg]{ hlt km/flsnf] agfpg ;s]sf 5}gf} F. ljbfyl{nfo{ ;[hgftds x'g xfdln] vf;} k ]l/t u/]sf 5}gf}FÆ -lzifs bf]; f] cí, kmfu'g @)^$_. of] r'gf}tlsf] ;fdgf ug{ cgf}krfl/s lziff ;fdu Lx lzifs ju{nfo{ pknaw u/fp/ :yfgljz]if cg';f/ lziff k bfg ug{ jfg5glo x'g5. 36gf!$!% jif{ k'/fgf] xf]. pq/l uf]vf{sf] ef]6 k b]z 5]sDkf/sf] Ps k fylds ljbfnodf s]xl ;f}uft / k'/:sf/ aff8\g] x]t'n] ljbfyl{x df ;fdfgo 1fgsf] xflh/lhjfkm -lsjh_ k ltof]lutf u/folbg ToxfFsf lzifsnfo{ cg'/f]w u of} F. k ltof]lutf t eof] t/ k"0f{tm c;kmn. sf/0f, ljbfyl{nfo{ /fli6«o lje"lt, /fli6«o /ª / /fli6«o 08fb]lv g]tf / cleg]tf ;DaGwL ltg} k Zgx ;f]lwpsf lyp h'g sf7df8f}fdf x'g] o:tf k ltof]lutf / k/liffdf ;f]lwg] ub{y]. To;kl5 xfdln] bf]xf] ofp/ :yfglo ljifoj:t'df ;Lldt goff k Zgx lgdf{0f u of} F. :yfglo lzifs r}t @)^$ 25

ljrf/ :yfglo kz'kifl, afnlgfnl, u'daf / of;f{u'daf, rf8kj{, gfrufg cflbsf af/]df k Zg ;f]wg efiff klg :yfglo g} /f]lhof]. kmntm u'? uf]? } F cgle1 /x] / r]nfx lrgl } F lgvvfl/psf] cj:yf l;h{gf eof]. ToxfFsf lzifsdf :yfglo kl/j]zsf] 1fg, ;"rgf ;fdu L clg ltgsf] pkof]u ug' {k5{ egg] r]t klxno}b]lv pknaw epsf] ep Tof] cj:yf cfpg] lypg. kz'kifl, afnlgfnl, u'daf / of;f{u'daf, rf8kj{, gfrufg cflbsf af/]df k Zg ;f]wg efiff klg :yfglo g} /f]lhof]. kmntm u'? uf]? }F cgle1 /x] / r]nfx lrgl } F lgvvfl/psf] cj:yf l;h{gf eof]. ToxfFsf lzifsdf :yfglo kl/j]zsf] 1fg, ;"rgf ;fdu L clg ltgsf] pkof]u ug'{k5{ egg] r]t klxno}b]lv pknaw epsf] ep Tof] cj:yf cfpg] lypg. clxn] /fi6«s} ;+/rgfdf km]/abn x'g] 36gfqmdx rln/x]sf], ;fj{hlgs :s"nx ;fd'bflos ljbfnodf?kfgt/ x'g] qmd hfl//x]sf] / lzlift ju{ nfx'l/g]ú k j[lq xfjl epsf] cj:yfdf /fi6«n] ptkfbg ug] { hgzlqm /fi6«s} u'?tj -u flj6l_ leq kfg{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg' k/]sf] 5. o;sf nflu a]n}df cgf}krfl/s dfwodaf6 :j :yfglo -OlG8h]lgo;_ lziff k bfg ug] { u/fpg] lbzftk{m lzifs ju{nfo{ ptk ]l/t ug' { h?/l eo;s]sf] 5. cgf}krfl/s lziffsf vhfgf cfˆg} k/dk/f, ;+:sf/, ;+:s[lt tyf cfˆg} kl/j]z / k s[ltaf6 k fkt ug{] sfo{ Pp6f r'gf}tl xf] egg] s'/fnfo{ ;j{k yd cftd;ft\ ug'{kg]{ x'g5. To;df cleefjs / lzifssf] ;+o'qm k of;n] w]/} pknlaw k fkt ug{ ;lsg5. yf]/} pbfx/0fx n] klg To; s'/fnfo{ k'i6\ofpg ;lsg5. h:t}ù 6fpsf]df 6f]s/L /fv]/ af] p7fpfbf, sffwdf vk{g /fv]/ ef/l af]sbf cyjf yfknf]df gfdnf] nufp/ 8f]sf] af]sbfsf b[zox dfkm{t ef}lts lj1fg jf jftfj/0fsf s'/f dfq x}g ltgsf l;4fgtx klg l;sg l;sfpg ;lsg5. o;}u/l l9sl, hfftf] jf 3 n] xfdlnfo{ zlqm ;DaGwL l;4fgt l;sfpg ;S5g\ egg] 1fgnfO{ kf7øqmd;fu tfnd]n ldnfp/ lzifsn] ljbfyl{nfo{ a' fpg ;S5. cfo{hofs Go"6gsf] vkk/df v;]sf] :ofpn] egbf 8f]sf] af]s]/ psfnf] cf]/fnf] ug] { ljbfyl{n] cfˆg} ef]ufosf cfwf/df k[yjlsf] u'?tjfsif{0f zlqmaf/] a9l 1fg lng ;S5 egg] s'/f a' g ufx f] 5}g. dfbn, d'r'{ëf / ;f/ëln] Wjlg, :j/ / ;ËLtsf] ;}4flGts Pj+ Jofjxfl/s 1fg k bfg ug{ ;Sb5g\. afbn, lah'nl, tf/f / h'gls/laf6 klg 1fg lj1fgsf s'/f k fkt x'g5g\. dfq xfd f lzifsx nfo{ To;k lt cfsif{0f x'g], lh1f;f hfug] / cf:yfsf] ljsf; x'g] cj;/ / ;fdu Lx h'/fo{ lbg'kg]{ x'g5. To;sf nflu cfhef]ln z}lifs ;fdu L, cfw'lgs k ljlw, goff goff pks/0f Pj+ ;~rf/sf dfwodx pknaw 5g\. >Job[Zosf ;fdu L, k rf/k ;f/sf leq] lrq, klqklqsfnufot v]ns'bsf ;fdu Lx klg plrt 9Ëaf6 k of]udf Nofpg ;lsg5 / goff ;fdu Lx klg lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsg5. k s[lt g} u'? eljiosf s0f{wf/x n] cfˆgf] hljgsf] d"no, dfgotf / cfr/0f :yflkt ug{ cfˆg} wd{, ;+:s[lt, efiff, e]ife'iffaf6 ;d]t 1fg xfl;n ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f agfpg'kb{5. cfˆg} ;+:s[lt / k s[ltaf6 s] 1fg k fkt g xf]nf Û dfq, ltgnfo{ z}lifs sfo{qmd / kf7øqmd;fu tfnd]n ldnfpg] l;h{gzln sbdx sf] vffrf] k5{. cfˆg} ;+:s[lt / cfˆg} k s[ltnfo{ u'?sf] :j?kdf ;b'kof]u ug{ lzifs ju{n] ljz]if of]ubfg k' ofpg'kg] { x'g5. ljbfnosf] bfo/fnfo{ km/flsnf] agfpfb} v'nf ;dfh / v'nf cfsfzsf] kl/j]zdf lzifs, lziffyl{ / ;dfhn] cfk;l ;xeflutfsf] cfwf/df ef]lnsf s0f{wf/ lgdf{0f ug' {k5{. o;sf nflu k s[lt / ;+:s[ltnfo{ u'? yfkg' rflxf h?/l x'g5. 26 lzifs r}t @)^$

clen]v lzifs kmfu'g @)^$ 27

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} F cfggb >]i7 ;+v'jf;efsf] c?0ff]bo dfwolds ljbfno. p:t} k[i7e"ld epsf ljbfyl{ / pg} lzifs, pxl kf7\oqmd / pxl k/liff k 0ffnL x'fbf klg :s"nsf] z}lifs cj:yf ;'wfg{ ;lsg] /x]5 egg] s'/f b]vfpsf] 5. bz jif{sf] ;do nufgl u/]sf ljbfyl{nfo{ o'jfj:yfdf k:g nfubf c;kmn x'gaf6 hf]ufpg ;lsg] /x]5. Go"gtd k"jf{wf/ geosg :s"nsf] k9fo /fd f] x'g;sb}g egg] ;a}n] dfg]sf] s'/f xf]. t/ ef}lts ;'ljwf g} ;a}yf]s x}g egg] s'/f boglo cj:yfdf rn]sf :s"nn] klg /fd f] glthf NofPaf6 lnsg5. P;Pn;L k/liff / o;sf] kl/0ffd af/]df cwoog ug{ ;/sf/n] lgo'qm u/]sf] lj1x sf] ;d"xn] rf/ jif{cl3 u/]sf] cwoogn] klg Go"gtd dfq ;'ljwf epsf :s"nn] klg P;Pn;Ldf pqd kl/0ffd Nofpg ;S5g\ egg] b]vfpsf] 5. lziffljb\ s]bf/eqm dfy]dfsf] ;+of]hstjdf ul7t ;f] ;d"xn] :s"nx sf] :ynut cwoog ubf{ s] kfpsf] lyof] eg] P;Pn;Ldf ztk ltzt k wfgfwofksnfo{ h; sf 7df8f} +sf] ultfdftf ljbfnosf ljbfyl{x n] ut jif{sf] P;Pn;L k/liffdf sf7df8f}fsf c ;fd'bflos :s"nsf ljbfyl{nfo{ pl5g]. ToxfFsf ;a}!)^ hgf k/liffyl{n] P;Pn;L kf; u/]. bz hgf ljlzi6, *@ hgf k yd /!@ hgf låtlo >]0fLdf pql0f{ ep. o;cl3 @)^@ ;fnsf] P;Pn;L k/liffdf klg o; :s"nsf ;a} ljbfyl{ pql0f{ epsf lyp. ^ jif{sf] clen]v cg';f/ o; :s"nsf] P;Pn;L pql0f{ ;/b/ *) k ltzt /x]sf] 5. siffsf]7f, v]nd}bfgsf lx;fan] of] :s"n g]kfnsf w]/} :s"n egbf km/s 5}g. tlg j6f ejg / kffr /f]kgl huuf :s"nsf nflu w]/} xf]ogg\. lziff dgqfnon] lbpsf kffr j6f sdko'6/ / Pp6f lk G6/ @)^$ kmfu'g!$ ut] :s"n k'ubf ltgnfo{ sxff /fvg] egg] ;d:of k of]. lsgeg] sdko'6/ sf]7fdf o;cl3 g}!) j6f sdko'6/sf] el8 lyof]. zf}rfno rflxf o; :s"ndf c egbf a9l g} cyf{t\ @% j6f 5g\. o; :s"nsf cleefjssf] cfly{s cj:yf / 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] k9fok ltsf] rf;f]sf lx;fan] o;n] P;Pn;Ldf olt /fd f] kl/0ffd s;/l Nofof] eg]/ cfzro{ dfgg klg ;lsg5. of] :s"ndf clwsf+z ljbfyl{ dhb'/l ug]{ / lghl :s"nsf] z'ns ltg{ g;sg] kl/jf/af6 cfpg] u/]sf 5g\. ul0ft / lj1fg lzifs k blk uf}td eg5g\, ækrrl; k ltzt ljbfyl{ 3/df k9\g kfpfb}gg\.æ To;}n] oxffsf lzifsx n] c w]/} :s"nsf lzifsn] egbf a9l d]xgt ug' {k5{. æxfd f lzifs d]xgtl 5g\ / ljbfyl{sf] k9folt/ Wofg lbg5g\æ, k wfgfwofks ljbfb]jl dxh{g elg5g\, æxfdl sdhf]/ ljbfyl{nfo{ ljz]if Wofg lbg5f} / cleefjs;fu e]63f6 u5f{ F.Æ sdhf]/ ljbfyl{sf nflu :s"nn] ljz]if siffsf] klg Joj:yf u/]sf] 5. ;fg} sf]7fdf epklg k':tsfnodf lgagw ;ª\u x, pkgof;, afn syf ;ª\u x, sljtf ;ª\u x tyf 1fga4{s k':tsx /flvpsf 5g\. of] :s"nn] /fd f] kl/0ffd Nofpg'sf k5fl8 c klg sf/0f 5g\. sf7df8f}+sf lhnnf lziff clwsf/l b'uf{gfy uf}tdsf cg';f/ o; :s"nsf k wfgfwofksn] ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf h'6fpsl l5g\. lzifsx klg k wfgfwofkssf] Ifdtfsf] tfl/km u5{g\. æpxffn] lzifsnfo{ ;'ljwf klg lbg'x'g5 / sfd nufpg klg ;Sg'x'G5Æ, lzifs uf}td eg5g\. q}dfl;s kdf k/liff ;~rfng ul/g] Joj:yf 5. t/ klg lzifsn] cfjzostf cg';f/ dlxgf / xktfdf klg ;fwf/0f hffr lno/xg5g\. ol ;a} sf/0fn] x'g'k5{, o; :s"ndf 6f9f6f9fsf ljbfyl{ klg cfpf5g\. To;}n], oxff b'o{ xhf/ b'o{ ;o ljbfyl{ k9\5g\. dlxnfsf] g]t[tjdf uha sfd x'g5 egg] s'/f klg o; :s"nn] b]vfpsf] 5. dlxnf k wfgfwofks /x]sf] o; :s"nsf ^) k ltzt lzifs dlxnf 5g\. of] :s"n sf7df8f}fdf ;d'bfonfo{ x:tfgt/0f epsf $) dwo]sf] Ps xf]. k"j{ dgql ;'/]z dnn o;sf] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cwoif x'g\. cleefjs e]nfaf6 lgjf{lrt Joj:yfkg ;ldlt glltlgdf{0f ug{], lzifs tyf sd{rf/l lgo'lqm ug{] / ejg lgdf{0f nufotsf sfddf ;lqmo 5. dnn eg5g\, æoxffsf lzifs / ljbfyl{sf alrdf d]nldnfk 5. xfdln] 5nkmn / ;d bf/lsf cfwf/df ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]hg] u/]sf 5f}F. Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] lzifssf sfddf x:tif]k ub{}g. xfdl ;a} cf cfˆgf] st{jok lt ;r]t 5f}F.Æ lagh' l;6f}nf lzifs r}t @)^$ 29

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lagf k/liff k j]z 5}g cfggb >]i7 n uftf/ tlg jif{;dd c?0ff]bo dfljsf s'g} klg ljbfyl{ P;Pn;Ldf pql0f{ epgg\. lhnnf lziff sfof{non] :s"nnfo{ gl;xt lbof]. To;kl5 ;f] :s"nnfo{ cfˆgf] cj:yf ;'wfg{ s/ nfuof]. @)%* ;fndf cfwf ljbfyl{n] P;Pn;L kf; u/]. @)^# ;fndf #^ hgfn] hffr lbpsf]df cf+lzs k/liff ;d]t u/]/ ;a}n] kf; u/]. ;+v'jf;efsf] ;b/d'sfd vffbaf/lb]lv ^ lbg k}bn lxf8]/ dfq k'lug] r]k'jf, ln+udsf] ;f] :s"n clxn] b'u{d ufpfsf] gd'gf ag]sf] 5. c :s"nsf ljbfyl{ ;d]t oxff cfpg yfn]sf 5g\. of] jif{ dfq x]bfª\gfsf] lxdfno dflj k9\b} u/]sf rf/ hgf / ;b/d'sfd vffbaf/ldf k9]sf kffr hgf ljbfyl{ o; :s"ndf cfp. vffbaf/l 5f]8]/ cfpsf lsdfyfª\sfsf ljbfyl{ jfª5] ef]6] eg5g\, æ/fd f] k9fo gepsf] ep oxff cfpg] lyogf.æ o; :s"ndf siff ^ b]lv dfq k9fo z'? x'g5. ljbfyl{ egf{ lng'cl3 k j]z k/liff lnog5. o;nfo{ k rlnt lgod ljk/lt eof] eg]/ w]/}n] lj/f]w klg u/]. lhnnf lziff sfof{non] k wfgfwofks;fu :ki6ls/0f dfuof] t/ k wfgfwofks lsª\;g nfdf cfˆgf] lg0f{odf cl8u /x] / k j]z k/liffdf ;kmn gx'g]nfo{ kmsf{olbp. nfdfsf] of] sbdn] k9fpfb} gk9fosg kffr siff kf; u/fpg] j/k/sf :s"ndfly k9fo ;'wfg{] bafa kg{ yfnof]. o;}sf] k efjn] ubf{ r]k'jfsf] zflgt k fljn] klg ljbfno Joj:yfkgnfO{ r':t kf/]sf] 5. ;f] :s"nsf k wfgfwofks 6f;L z]kf{ eg5g\, æotflt/ :s"n epsf] ufpfsf lzifs 3/s} sfddf tnnlg, 6f9fsf] lzifs 3/ upkl5 kmls{g l9nf] ug]{ rng lyof]. xfdln] l9nf] cfpg] lzifs lzlifsfsf] hlt l9nf] cfpf5, 306fsf] lx;fan] tna s6fp/ :s"nsf] sf]ifdf /fvg yfnof} F. o;f] ubf{ ;fx } h?/l sfd k/]sf a]nf afx]s c a]nf lzifsx :s"n 5f8\b}gg\.Æ c?0ff]bo dfljsf ;ftdwo] kffr hgf lzifs fkf, lj/f6gu/, ef]hk'/ / wg'iffaf6 cfpsf 5g\. kffr}hgf lzifs Pp6} sf]7fdf a:5g\. laxfg / ck/fgx cf7, gf} / bz siffsf sdhf]/ ljbfyl{sf nflu ljz]if siff / lbpf;f] lgoldt siffdf k9fpf5g\. a]n'sf cwoog u5{g\, ef]lnkn6sf nflu tof/l u5{g\, ljbfyl{sf] sfkl hffr5g\. :s"n / k9fo afx]s c WofpGg gepsf oxffsf lzifsnfo{ k wfgfwofksn] c vfnsf ;'ljwf lbpsf 5g\. 6f9fsf lzifsn] bz}f ljbfdf 3/ upkl5 ltxf/ ;s]/ dfq cfp x'g5. df3sf] klxnf] xktf jflif{s k/liff ;lspkl5 j}zfvdf dfq :s"n kmls{p x'g5. :s"ndf bnlo lvrftfgl 5}g. ælzifs ;Ë7gn] cfxjfg u/]sf] x8\tfn / lj/f]w sfo{qmdsf a]nf klg xfdln] lg/gt/ k9fof} +Æ, lzifs uf]kfn e /fo{ eg5g\. ædfcf]jfbl, c ;+3 ;Ë7g jf cfˆg} lzifs ;Ë7gn] bafa lbfbf klg oxff :s"n agb x'fb}gæ, k wfgfwofks nfdf uj{ u5{g\. c w]/} 7fpFdf :s"n v'n5, xflh/ x'g5 clg 5' L x'g5. oxff :s"n v'ng' eg]sf] k9fo x'g' xf]. dlxgfsf]?=%) z'ns ltg{' k/]kl5 cleefjsn] klg cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] k9]sf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ eg]/ rf;f] lbg yfn]sf 5g\. cltl/qm lqmofsnfkdf klg of] :s"n cufl8 g} 5. ;ËLt, jfbljjfb, xflh/lhjfkm, v]ns'b oxffsf lgoldt ljz]iftf ag]sf 5g\. oxff k9]/ upsf ljbfyl{n] ;b/d'sfd vffbaf/ldf vf]n]sf] ef]l6of o'y Snan] ;+v'jf;efdf /fd f] gfd sdfpsf] 5. :s"nsf] ^ sf]7] 3/ etsg nfu]sf] 5. rkl{ eggsf nflu dfq} 5. 6f9f6f9fsf ljbfyl{ k9\g cfpf5g\. pglx a:g] 7fpF 5}g. ul/a ufpfsf] :s"n x'gfn] oxff k9\g] ljbfyl{x ul/a 5g\. w]/} ljbfyl{n] ;fx'sf] cn}frl af]sg'k5{. c sfdn] ubf{ Tolt Wofg lbp/ k9\g ;Sb}gg\. t/ klg lzifs, ljbfyl{ / cleefjssf] ;fd'lxs d]xgtn] ubf{ cfpsf] kl/0ffdaf6 pglx nfo{ yk sfd ug{] k ]/0ff ldn]sf] 5. æ:s"nnfo{ /fd f] prr dflj agfp/ / 5fqfaf;sf] Joj:yf u/]/ dfq l/6fo8{ x'g5'æ, k wfgfwofks lsª\;g nfdf eg5g\. cfggb >]i7 lzifs r}t @)^$ 35

F cfj/0f ;'v] {tsf] gd'gf ;' v{]t, /fd3f6sf] lzv/ dfwolds ljbfno ufpfdf 5. k':tsfno ejg 5, t/ k':ts 5}gg\. w]/} cleefjs lg/if/ 5g\. ul/a 5g\. sfdsf nflu ef/t hfg5g\. dfwolds txdf ^ hgfsf] b/agbl ep klg b'o{hgf dfq lzifs 5g\. :s"n sdkfpg8 af/a]/ ul/psf] 5}g. k9fo eo/x]sf a]nf dflg; cfpg] hfg] ul//x]sf 5g\. x]bf{ :s"nsf] glthf /fd f] gx'g'kg{] xf]. t/ klg o; :s"nsf] k9fo t'ngftds kdf /fd f] 5. @)^! ;fnsf] P;Pn;L k/liffdf of] :s"n dwoklzrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf] bf]; f] eof].? $ nfvsf] k'/:sf/ kfof]. To;sf] kl5nnf] jif{ dwoklzrdsf] klxnf] eof]. lhnnf :t/lo v]ns'b k ltof]lutfdf ;w}+h;f] k yd x'fb} cfpsf] 5. k lts"n cj:yf x'fbfx'fb} klg o; :s"nn] /fd f] ug{'sf k5fl8 s]xl vf; sf/0fx 5g\. cgoq x'g] u/]sf agbsf a]nfdf klg oxff k9fo x'g5. bz} ltxf/ / av{] ljbfdf ljz]if siff rnfog5. k To]s xktf hffr x'g5. k9fpg] a]nfdf AofVofg egbf k of]uftds ljlwdf hf]8 lbog5. lzifsx cfˆgf] siff 5}g / csf{] lzifssf] siff vfnl 5 eg] k9fpg hfg5g\. yk siff lnpafkt yk kfl/>lds kfpf5g\. k fom ;a} lzifs tflndk fkt 5g\. lgoldt kdf :s"n cfpf5g\. lzifs, ljbfyl{ / cleefjsalr dgd'6fj 5}g. :s"n Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] u7gdf /fhgllts ugw kfofb}g. Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7s lgoldt a:5. cfjzos k/] :s"nsf nflu k};f p7fpf5. hg>dbfg rflxp Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] Tof] klg h'6fpf5. cleefjs e]nf ep/ s;n] slt rgbf lbg] ;f] s'/fsf] jrg lbg5g\. o; uflj;sf ;a} j8fsf ljbfyl{ laxfg :s"n cfp/ a]n'sf 3/ kms{g ;S5g\. To;n] ubf{ k"/f ufpfsf] ;xof]u lng ;lhnf] epsf] 5. ljbfyl{x lgoldt kdf :s"n cfpf5g\. u[xsfo{ u5{g\. nugzln / cg'zfl;t 5g\. :s"nsf ul/a ljbfyl{nfo{ ;'v{]t l:yt u}/;/sf/l ;+:yfn] lhg;l / gub ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\. lhnnf ljsf; ;ldlt / ufpf ljsf; ;ldltn] klg ;xof]u h'6fpfb} cfpsf 5g\. :s"n kl/;/df kmn]sf] cffk / 3fF; a]r]/ :s"nn] a;{]lg 08}?=%) xhf/ cfdbfgl ug{ ] u5{. ol ;a} sf/0fn] ubf{ c ufpfaf6 klg ljbfyl{ o; :s"ndf cfpg] u/]sf 5g\. klxn]sf ;kmntfsf sf/0fn] ubf{ of] :s"nn] cfufdl z}lifs ;qb]lv prr dflj rnfpg] of]hgf agfpsf] 5. k sfz kgt k'/:sf/} k'/:sf/ Ko' 7fgsf #! j6f dfwolds :s"ndwo]df /fd f] ulgg5 vnëfsf] dx]gb prr dflj. o;n] kfpsf k'/:sf/x sf] ;"rl nfdf] 5 @)^) ;fnsf] P;Pn;L k/liffdf dwoklzrdsf] ;a}egbf /fd f] ep/ kfpsf] jl/]gb If]qLo l;n8 clg lziff dgqfnoaf6 k fkt k'/:sf/, @)^$ ;fndf prr dflj lziff kl/ifbaf6 pts[i6 k'/:sf/. k9fo / cltl/qm lqmofsnfkafkt kfpsf k'/:sf/sf] ;ª\Vof ^@ k'u]sf] 5. @)^) ;fndf o; :s"nsf (& k ltzt / @)%( ;fndf (@ k ltzt ljbfyl{n] P;Pn;L kf; u/]sf lyp. ;ftj6f :s"n ejg 5g\. Pp6f ejg b[li6ljxlg ; f]t siffsf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] 5. lj1fg k of]uzfnf 5. k':tsfnodf *)) egbf a9l k':ts 5g\. zf}rfno, vfg]kfgl, v]n d}bfgsf b[li6n] klg :s"n /fd f] cj:yfdf 5. Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cwoif lzj/fh >]i7sf cg';f/ :s"nn] yk siffsf]7f, zf}rfno / goff 5fqfaf; agfpg nfu]sf] 5. ;a} :s"ndf x'g] u/]sf q}dfl;s, cw{jflif{s / jflif{s k/liffsf cltl/qm ljifo lzifsn] xkt}lkr5] hffr lng] u/]sf 5g\. x/]s dlxgf :s"nn] k/liff lng] u5{. k9fpg / hffr lng lzifsn] hffu/ rnfpf5g\. :s"nn] klg lzifsnfo{ ;s];ddsf] ;'ljwf lbpsf] 5. lghl ; f]tsf lzifsn] klg ;/sf/l b/agblsf lzifs;/x tna kfpf5g\. Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, cleefjs / k"j{ ljbfyl{x ;Fu :s"nn] af/daf/ 5nkmn ug{ ] u5{. cltl/qm lqmofsnfksf nflu :s"ndf cf7 j6f ;ldlt 5g\. x/]s xktf Pp6f g Pp6f cltl/qm lqmofsnfk x'g5ù h;df b[li6ljxlg klg ;xeful x'g] u5{g\. :s"nsf nflu ;xof]u h'6fpg], :s"n kl/jf/nfo{ cg'zfl;t agfpg], cleefjs / Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;xeflutf clej[l4 ug]{ h:tf sfddf k wfgfwofksn] a9l ;do lbg5g\. ljdnf kf08] 36 lzifs r}t @)^$

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cfj/0f lr pql0f{ k ltztm z"goaf6 (( lrtjg lhnnfsf] ;a}egbf /fd f] ;fj{hlgs :s"n gf/fo0fl prr dflj xf]æ, lhnnf lziff clwsf/l uf]kfns[i0f kf}8]n cfhsn ;a};fu o;} egg] u5{g\. o;sf] cfwf/ xf] ut ;fnsf] P;Pn;L k/liffsf] glthf. of] :s"nn] o; jif{ ;]G8ck 6]i6df klg /fd f] glthf NofPsf] 5. lhnnf lziff sfof{non] lhnnfsf pts[i6 :s"nnfo{ lbg]?=@ nfvsf] k'/:sf/ o; :s"nn] kf]xf]/ / k/f/ u/l nuftf/ b'o{ k6s kfpsf] 5. æcfpg] ;fnsf] k'/:sf/ klg xfdln] g} kfpf5f}fæ, k wfgfwofks c?0f s'df/ -tl:a/_ eg5g\. o; jif{sf] ;]G8ck 6]i6df o; :s"nsf!%* hgf k/liffyl{dwo]!%& hgf kf; epsf 5g\. e/tk'/sf] gf/fo0fl dfljsf] P;Pn;L k/liffsf] glthf /fli6«o :t/egbf w]/} dfly 5. @)^@ ;fndf b]ze/sf ljbfyl{dwo] $^ k ltztn] P;Pn;L kf; u/]sf]df gf/fo0fl dfljsf (^ k ltzt ljbfyl{ kf; epsf lyp. @)^# df rflxf (( k ltzt ljbfyl{ kf; ep. of] :s"nsf goff / k'/fgf] u/l kffr j6f ejgdf $$ j6f sf]7f 5g\. ;fosn :6\of08, v]n d}bfg, au} Frf / k':tsfno 5. zf}rfnoaf6 #% 3gld6/sf] jfof]uoff; KnfG6 ;~rfng epsf] 5. o;af6 lg:s]sf] UofF;n] 5fqfaf;df a:g] g]qxlg ljbfyl{sf nflu vfgf kfs5. #) jif{b]lv ;f]xl :s"ndf k9fpfb} cfpsf k wfgfwofks c?0f s'df/ eg5g\, æ@)#* ;fndf Ps hgf klg ljbfyl{ pql0f{ gepkl5 o; :s"nsf] k9fo ;'wfg{ ljlegg pkfo yfn]sf] xf], ;a}sf] k of;n] :s"nsf] cj:yf /fd f] epsf] xf].æ knknsf] va/ lxdfnva/ tfhf ;dfrf/ l/kf]6{ { cgtjf{tf{ l6kk0fl lhnnf lziff clwsf/l kf}8]nsf cg';f/ cg'ejl lzifs, ;fd"lxs efjgf / k/liff k 0ffnLn] ubf{ o; :s"nsf] glthf /fd f] epsf] xf]. o; :s"nn] Go"gtd Ifdtf gepsf ljbfyl{nfo{ zfgtf clwsf/l df}sf lbg5 t/ k/liffdf pql0f{ geo{ siff r9fpfb}g. lzifsx sf cg';f/ s'zn k zf;sdf x'g'kg]{ u'0f k wfgfwofksdf epsfn] :s"nsf] u'0f:t/ a9]sf] xf]. of] :s"nn] ;/sf/l kf7\oqmd afx]s ul0ft / cª\u ]hldf yk siff rnfpsf] 5. o;sf nflu ljbfyl{n] yk z'ns ltg' {k5{. xflh/lhjfkm, lxhh] k ltof]lutf, lj1fg k bz{gl, kfs lziff, nf]sult k ltof]lutf h:tf cltl/qm lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ub}{ cfpsf] 5. lghl ; f]tsf lzifs lgo'qm ubf{ v'nf k lt:kwf{ u/fog5. o;/l lgo'qm lzifsn] ;/sf/l cg'bfgsf lzifs;/x ;'ljwf kfpf5g\. ljifout lzifsnfo{ k f]t;fxg / eqfsf] Joj:yf ul/psf] 5. oxffsf cleefjs klg ;lqmo 5g\. cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] nawfí kq lng pglx :s"n cfpf5g\. 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] k9fosf af/]df ;f]wk'5 u5{g\. lbge/ sfd ug]{ dflg;x n] /flt k9\g kfpg eg]/ @)@) ;fndf of] :s"n vf]lnpsf] xf]. olta]nf ;/sf/l sd{rf/ln] :s"ndf k9fpg] uy]{. Tolta]nf o;sf] gfd g} /flq xfo{:s"nú lyof]. of] :s"nsf] Ps lsnf]ld6/ j/k/!! j6f lghl / ;fd'bflos :s"n 5g\. t/ oxff rf/ lsnf]ld6/ k/sf ljbfyl{x k9\g cfpf5g\. k c c?0fs'df/ eg5g\, æ:s"ndf kg]{ rfk 36fpg k j]z k/liffdf s8f k Zg ;f]wg] u/]sf 5f}F.Æ zfgtf clwsf/l www.himalkhabar.com 38 lzifs r}t @)^$

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cgtjf{tf{ efiff l;sfpg] 7Ls 9Ësf] tl/sf k of]u ug] { xf] eg] # $ jif{df sf]xl klg g]kfnl cª\u ]hl efiffdf kf]vt x'g;s5. To;sf] nflu cfˆgf] klxrfg ;d]t u'dfp/ cª\u ]hlsf] kl5 nfug'kg] { s'g} sf/0f 5}g. epsf] x'g5. siff ^ b]lv dft[efiff Pp6f ljifosf] kdf k9fpg ;lsg5, dfwodsf] kdf rflxf siff % ;Dd k of]u u/] k'u5. tkfof dfwolds txdf k'u]kl5 dfq cª\u ]hl k9fpg'k5{ egb} x'g'x'g5. t/ ;/sf/ siff! b]lv g} cª\u ]hl k9fpg] Joj:yf ub}{5 lg Û ToxL ep/ g} xfdln] o;sf] lj/f]w ul//x]sf 5f}+. of] Psbd 7"nf] untl xf]. xf] cª\u ]hl k9fpg'k5{. cfhsf] hdfgfdf cª\u ]hldf bif geo{ ahf/df sfd kfpg klg ufx f] 5. Tof] s'/f xfdln] klg a' ]sf 5f} +. t/ To;sf] cy{ s]6fs]6lsf] :jfefljs / k fs[lts ljsf;sf] qmdnfo{ a]jf:tf ug{ ldnb}g. % jif{sf] s]6fs]6l dfgl;s ljsf;sf] k f/ldes cj:yfdf x'g5 / p;n] cfˆgf] dft[efiff g} l;ls/x]sf] x'g5. ;j{k yd s'g} klg arrfn] Pp6f efiffdf s'g} klg s'/f a' g'k5{. ToxL efiffdf ;f]rg] / ;~rf/ ug{ ;Sg] eo;s]kl5 dfq p;nfo{ csf] { efiff l;sfpg z'? ug{ 'k5{. xf], olb sf]xl cfˆgf] arrfnfo{ ;fg}b]lv cª\u ]hl l;sfpg rfxg5 eg] p;n] af]nl km'6\g] a]nfb]lv g} 3/df arrf;fu cª\u ]hl af]ng'k5{. To;f] eof] eg] arrfsf] nflu cª\u ]hl g} dft[efiff x'g5. o;f] ubf{ s]xl lau Fb}g. lziff ljefun] u/]sf] cg';gwfgn] s] b]vfpsf] 5 eg], u}/ g]kfnl efifl ljbfyl{x sf] :s"n 5f8\g] b/ w]/} a9l 5. dft[efiff ;DaGwL o'g]:sf]sf] Pp6f l/kf]6{n] eg5, ckl/lrt efiffdf ckl/lrt ljifoj:t' k9foof] eg] p;nfo{ dgf]j}1flgs ;sú x'g5. oxl sf/0fn] ubf{ sltko ljbfyl{x df lziffk lt g} gsf/ftds efjgf ptkì x'g5 / ltglx :s"n hfg klg 5f8\5g\. s]xl ;docl3 d}n] b]v]sf] Pp6f 36gf oxff pnn]v ug{ rfxg5'. ltxf/df sf7df8f}f / kxf8lt/ klª v]ng] rng x'g5. ToxL ep/ siff! sf] lstfadf klªsf] j0f{g 5. t/ d]/f] ufpfnufot k"jl{ t/fo{sf d}lynl ;dfhdf klª g} x'fb}g. clg d}lynlefifl afnaflnsfn] of] s'/f s;/l a' 'g\ Tof] klg g]kfnldf < o;sf] s] cy{ xf] eg]/ ;f]wbf arrfx 6\jfNn k/]/ x]l/dfq /xg5g\. kf7\oqmdn] /fv]sf] p2]zo xfl;n x'g] u/l :yfglo / kl/lrt ljifoj:t' k9fpfbf kf] arrfx n] s'/f klg a' 5g\Ù /dfonf] klg dfg5g\. afnaflnsfnfo{ dft[efiffdf k9fpg' hlt cfjzos 5, kl/lrt / :yfglo ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t k9fo plq g} ckl/xfo{ 5. o;f] epdf dfq afnaflnsf / lzifssf alrdf cgt/lqmof a9l x'g5, l;sfosf] k jl[q klg w]/} x'g5. afnaflnsfn] Ps;fy dft[efiff, ;Dks{ efiff / cª\u ]hl l;sg ;Sb}gg\ / < efiff lj1fgsf b[li6n] ;a}egbf dxœjk"0f{ s'/f xf] dflg;n] ;j{k yd Pp6f efiff hfì'k5{. lsgeg] s'g} klg s'/f a' g ;j{k yd efiffs} cfjzostf k5{. xfd f] k To]s a' fo / ;f]rfo g} efiffdf cfwfl/t x'g5. xfd f] h'g efiff 5 ToxL efiffdf xfdl ;f]r5f} F. s] s;}n] lagf efiff klg ;f]rg ;S5 < ;Sb}g. ha s'g} klg arrf Pp6f efiffdf ;f]rg / ;~rf/ ug{ ;Ifd x'g5, To;kl5 csf]{ efiff l;sg p;nfo{ w]/} sl7g x'fb}g. ;aegbf sl7gfo{ t arrfnfo{ klxnf] efiff a' g / l;sgd} x'g5. lsgeg] ToxfF p;n] efiffsf] dd{ a' g'k5{. pbfx/0fsf nflu ha arrfn] kfgl s] xf] eì] a' 5, To;kl5 p;nfo{ cª\u ]hldf jf6/ú eg]/ ;xh} l;sfpg a' fpg ;lsg5. ha arrfn] Pp6f efiffsf] :j?k, z}nl / ;+/rgf -sg;]k6_ a' 5, To;kl5 p;nfo{ c efiffdf af]ng s'g} sl7gfo{ x' Fb}g. lsgeg] sg;]k6ú a' ]kl5 t p;n] s]jn goff zab hfg] dfq k'uof]. hlt a]nf;dd arrfn] sg;]k6ú a' ]sf] x' Fb}g, Tolta]nf;Dd pxl efiffdf dfq p;fu Jojxf/ ul/g'k5{. ;fwf/0ftof arrfn] % jif{;dd sg;]k6ú a' 5 / * ( jif{sf] pd]/;dddf pm Tof] efiffdf ;~rf/ ug{ bif eo;s]sf] x'g5. To;kl5 h'g efiff l;sfp klg arrfn] ;xh} l;s5g\. k foe]6 :s"ndf g;{/lb]lv g} cª\u ]hl l;sfpg] ul/psf] 5. o;sf] c;/ s] x'g5 < To:tf afnaflnsf ;d:ofdf 5g\. lsgeg] pglx n] efiffsf] sg;]k6ú g} b'o{j6f efiffdf a' g] k of; ug{ 'k/]sf] 5. klxnf] s'/f of] ;+;f/ pglx sf nflu goff xf]. bf]; f]ù pglx Psbd} ;fgf 5g\, h;sf sf/0f pglx sf] dfgl;s ljsf; Psbd} z'?sf] cj:yfdf 5. t]; f], pglx n] s'g} klg j:t' jf s'/fnfo{ Pp6f efiffdf klg a' g EofO;s]sf x' Fb}gg\. To:tf] cj:yfdf g;{/ldf egf{ ul/psf # jif{sf xfd f arrfn] 3/df kfglú eg]/ a' ]sf] s'/fnfo{ :s"ndf jf6/ú elglbfbf ol b'j} s'/f Pp6} x'g\ ls km/s x'g\ eg]/ ljzn]if0f ug{ ltgnfo{ sl7g x'g5. o;af6 pglx sf] dfgl;s ljsf;df afwf k'lu/x]sf] x'g5. 3/df dft[efiffdf af]ng] :s"ndf rflxf g]kfnl / cª\u ]hldf k9fog] clxn]sf] kl/kf6ln] arrfnfo{ xflg dfq u/]sf] 5}g, p;dfly c3f]/} cgofo klg epsf] 5. tlg rf/ jif{sf] slnnf] / caf]w arrfdfly xfdl cleefjs / ;/sf/ b'j} ldn]/ h3go ck/fw ul//x]sf 5f} +. To; b[li6n] x]bf{, kxf8sf] s'gfsgb/f xf];\ jf dw]zsf] lk5l8psf] ufpfdf tf]t]af]nl af]ng yfn]sf afnaflnsf efuodfgl 5g\. lsgls ltgn] Pp6} efiffdf ;f]rg / ;+jfb ug{ kfpsf 5g\, ltgn] zx/sf] h:tf] HofbtLsf] ;fdgf ug{' k/]sf] 5}g. ;a} afnaflnsfnfo{ dft[efiffdf k fylds lziff lbg lzifsb]lv ;a} goff agbf]a:t ug{'kg]{ / To;lglDt b]zn] wfgg} g;sg] vr{ nfug] atfog5 lg < of] ts{ / cfzíf lg/y{s 5. lsgls dft[efiffdf lziffsf] cfjzostfdf ;xdt eo;s]kl5 o;sf] nflu rflxg] vr{sf] hf]xf] ug{' /fhosf] k fylds st{joleqsf] s'/f x'g5. o;lgldt lziffdf nfug] s'n ah]6sf] $ k ltzt dfq vr{ a9l nfug] s]xl cwoogn] b]vfpsf 5g\. ljleì b]zx df epsf] t'ngftds cwoogsf] glthfn] klg ToxL eg5. xfd f] b]zdf lziffdf?=@* ca{ jflif{s vr{ eo/x]sf] 5. To;sf] $ k ltzt eg]sf]?=! ca{!@ s/f]8 x'g cfpf5. * k ltzt g} yk vr{ nfubf 40 lzifs r}t @)^$

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ToxfF klxnf z'?b]lv g} cª\u ]hl dfwodaf6 k9fo x'gyof]. kl5 up/ ToxfF sl/a $ ;o dft[efiffdf k fylds txdf k9fpg yflnof] / cª\u ]hl rflxf k fylds tx k"/f u/]kl5 dfq k9fpg] ul/of]. cwoogn] s] b]vfof] eg], z'?b]lv g} cª\u ]hl dfwoddf k9fpfbfsf] t'ngfdf k fylds tx dft[efiffdf k9]sf ljbfyl{x sf] l;sfosf] :t/ prr b]lvof], lziffsf] :t/ klg klxn]egbf a9]sf] kfoof]. egfo g} 5, olb ltdl s;}nfo{ cfˆgf] bf; agfpg rfxg5f} eg] p;nfo{ ltd f] ;+:s[lt k5\ofpg afwo kf/.ú efiff g} ;+:s[lt k5\ofpg afwo kfg] { cr's c:q xf]. ha cª\u ]hl efiff dft[efiffsf] kdf xfd f afnaflnsfn] af]n5g\ / k of]u u5{g\ eg] ltglx cª\u ]h ;Eotf / ;+:s[ltsf] :jfefljs kdf cg'ofol x'g5g\. cª\u ]hl efiffdf /fd f] bvvn eof] eg] tldwo] s]xln] /fd f] hflu/ klg kfpnfg\ t/ pglx sf] cfˆg} klxrfg eg] /xg] 5}g. cª\u ]hl efifl ep klg ltglx g]kfnl g} x'g]5g\. cfhsf] b'lgoffdf klxrfg g\ ;a}egbf 7"nf] / s]gb Lo d'2f ag]sf] 5. sf]xl klg dflg; cfˆgf] klxrfg u'dfpg rfxì, a? ;s];dd a9l plhnofpg rfxg5. cª\u ]hl efiffdf kf]vt x'g hgd]b]lv g} cª\u ]hl af]ng' / l;sg'k5{ eì] h'g dfgotf xfd f] ;dfhdf 5, Tof] e d l;jfo s]xl xf]og. efiff l;sfpg] 7Ls 9Ësf] tl/sf k of]u ug]{ xf] eg] # $ jif{df sf]xl klg g]kfnl cª\u ]hl efiffdf kf]vt x'g;s5. To;sf] nflu cfˆgf] klxrfg;d]t u'dfp/ cª\u ]hlsf] kl5 nfug'kg] { s'g} sf/0f 5}g. To;f] xf] eg] k fylds txdf cª\u ]hl gk9fp klg t eof] lg < xf]. k9fpg cfjzos 5}g. t/ lxhf]cfh lziff Jofkf/ Joj;fo epsf]n] cª\u ]hl lziff ahf/df las]sf] dfq xf]. h;n] cª\u ]hl hfg]sf] 5, To;sf] ;fdflhs k lti7f / x}l;ot dfly x'g] cj:yf 5. tftsflns nfe / cf}klgj]lzs dfgl;stfsf sf/0f xfdln] cª\u ]hldf a9l hf]8 ul//x]sf 5f}+. d cª\u ]hl k9\g} kb}{g klg elg/x]sf] 5}g. cª\u ]hl cfhsf] cgt/f{li6«o ;Dks{ efiff dfq /x]g, of] efiff ghflgsg af}l4s:t/df sfd} grng] eof]. of] l;sg} k5{ t/ % jif{sf] afnosfndf x}g, cln 7"nf] epkl5. :s"n txsf] k9fo ;lsfbf Ps ljbfyl{n] slt efiff l;sg ;S5 < 9Ë k' ofp/ l;sfpg] xf] eg] :s"n lziff kf/ ubf{ xfd f ljbfyl{n] dft[efiff, ;Dks{ efiff / s'g} ljzj efiffdf /fd f] bvvn xfl;n ug{ ;S5g\. clxn] siff! b]lv cª\u ]hl efiff l;sg z'? u/]/!) siffdf k'lu;sbf klg cª\u ]hl efiffdf /fd f];fu n]vg / af]ng g;sg'sf] sf/0f efiff l;sg] / l;sfpg] b'j} tl/sf g} 7Ls gx'g' xf]. xfd f :s"ndf ljbfyl{nfo{ cª\u ]hl efiff l;sfpg]egbf a9l 3f]sfOG5. efiff 3f]s]/ hflgg] s'/f xf]og. of] t ceof;af6 l;lsg] s'/f xf]. h'g efiff l;sg] xf], ToxL efiffdf af]nfo, n]vfo, ;'gfo / k9fo x'g'k5{. t/ xfd f w]/}h;f] lzifsn] cª\u ]hl klg g]kfnld} k9fpf5g\. siffsf]7fsf] l;sfo jftfj/0fn] klg l;sfodf km/s kf5{. ufpf3/sf w]/}h;f] ljbfnox df Go"gtd l;sfosf] jftfj/0f ;d]t 5}g. ;du df eì'kbf{, lzif0fsnf ;xl gx'g' / z}lifs ;fdu Lsf] cefjsf sf/0f ljbfyl{n] cª\u ]hl l;sg g;s]sf x'g\. k ;Ë abnf}+, dft[efiffdf lziff lbg ;/sf/ /fhl epsf] 5 /!% j6f efiffdf kf7\oqmd klg alg;s]sf] 5. t/ efiff k9fpg] lzifssf] 7"nf] cefj 5. of] cj:yfdf b]ze/sf bzf}+ nfvsf] ;ª\Vofdf /x]sf afnaflnsfnfo{ pglx s} dft[efiffdf lziff s;/l lbg ;lsg5 < d ;a}sf] nflu lziffúsf] cnk;ª\vos efiff;dagwl ;ldltdf ;+of]hssf] x}l;otdf sfo{/t 5'. ToxfF klg of] ljifodf 5nkmn eo/xg5. klxnf] s'/f, :yfglo kl/k ]Io / ;Gbe{nfO{ s]gb df /fv]/ kf7\ok':tsx tof/ x'g'k of]. clxn] g]kfnlsf] kf7\ok':tsnfo{ ;DalGwt efiffdf cg'jfb ug] { sfd a9l eo/x]sf] 5. o;/l dft[efiffdf lziff lbg ;lsì. kf7\oqmd cg';f/ :yfglo efiff / ;Gbe{df cfwfl/t /x]/ kf7\ok':ts n]lvg'k5{. To:t} lzifssf] klg cefj 5. sxff s'g dft[efifl lzifs 5g\ / ltglx nfo{ sxff sxff k7fpg cfjzos 5, ToxfF k7fpg'k of]. To;kl5 hlt lzifs ck'u x'g5g\, goff lzifs egf{ ug{ 'k of]. t/ ;/sf/n] 3/df dft[efiffdf af]ng] :s"ndf rflxf g]kfnl / cª\u ]hldf k9fog] clxn]sf] kl/kf6ln] arrfnfo{ xflg dfq u/]sf] 5}g, p;dfly c3f]/} cgofo klg epsf] 5. tlg rf/ jif{sf] slnnf] / caf]w arrfdfly xfdl cleefjs / ;/sf/ b'j} ldn]/ h3go ck/fw ul//x]sf 5f} +. o;tkm{ vf;} s]xl u/]sf] 5}g. lagf tof/l h;/l clxn] dft[efiffdf lziff lbg] sfo{qmd nfu" eo/x]sf] 5, o;/l g} cufl8 a9\g] xf] eg] s]xl ;dokl5 g} dft[efiffdf lziff lbg] s'/fk lt g} ;DalGwt ;d'bfodf ljt[i0ff cfpg] vt/f b]lvg5. o;f] eg]/ dft[efiffdf lziff lbg] ;jfndf d}n] ;d'bfosf] rflxf s]xl klg e"ldsf 5}g eì vf]lh/x]sf] 5}g. :yfglo txdf :s"nsf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;xof]u ug] {, :s"ndf s;/l k9fo eo/x]sf] 5 eg]/ cg'udg ug] { / ;/sf/nfo{ lg/gt/ va/bf/l ug] { sfd pglx sf] xf]. o; lbzfdf, s]xl /fd f s'/f klg z'? epsf 5g\. lziff ljefusf] ;dfj]zl lziff zfvfn] lkmgnof08 ;/sf/sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf * j6f efiff -tfdfª, cf7kxl/of, ;Gyfn, p/ffj, d}lynl, /fgf yf / du/_ df ax'eflifs lziff kl/of]hgfsf] kfon6 :68LÚ cf/de u/]sf] 5. To:t}, kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]gb n] ljleì dft[efiffdf kf7\o;fdu L lgdf{0f yfn]sf] 5. ax'eflifs lziffsf] If]qdf o'g]:sf] h:tf ;+:yfx klg ;xof]u h'6fo/x]sf 5g\. o'g]:sf]sf] k of;df ax'eflifs lziff;dagwl ;fdu L g]kfnldf kfgt/ ep/ k sfzf]gd'v 5. ol ultljlwx n] /fhosf] ;+3Lo k'g;{+/rgfkzrft c ;lqmotf / Jofkstf kfpf5g\ eì] s'/fdf xfdl cfzfjfbl 5f} +. k :t'ltm ;'bz{g l3ld/] lzifs r}t @)^$ 41

] lrgtg ls/0f kf08] lziff / rl/q lgdf{0f lz Iffsf w]/} p2]zox x'g5g\. tl ;a}nfo{ Pp6f zabdf egg g;lsp klg rl/q lgdf{0fú n] tldwo] w]/}nfo{ ;d]6\5. cfbz{ rl/qú eggfn] of]uotf, ljj]s, g}ltstf h:tf u'0fx sf] ;Gt'lnt ;+of]hg a'l G5. rl/qjfg JolQmn] dfq ;dfhnfo{ cl3 a9fpg ;S5. rl/q lgdf{0f Pp6f cgj/t k lqmof xf]. of] 3/df z'? x'g5 / o;sf] Pp6f 7"nf] efu :s"ndf k"/f x'g5. t/, rl/q lgdf{0fsf] k lqmof To;kl5 klg hf/l g} /xg5. afnaflnsfsf] rl/q lgdf{0f k lqmofl;t ;DalGwt ;a}n] a' g'kg{] s'/f xf] cfbz{ rl/q d"ntm rf/ j6f s'/fdf cfwfl/t x'g5. Ifdtf, ;fx;, ;+j]bgzlntf / a'l4dqf cfbz{ rl/qsf] 3/sf rf/ ;'/ x'g\. cfbz{ rl/qú eg]sf] s] s] xf] jf s] s] xf]og egg] ;"rldf c s'/f klg ykg ;lsg5 t/ ol rf/ j6fsf] cefjdf c s'/f plt ;fy{s x'g ;Sb}gg\. oxff IfdtfÚ eg]/ af}l4s jf dfgl;s Ifdtf geo{ zf/ll/s Ifdtfsf] / tgb'?:tlsf] s'/f ul/psf] xf]. tgb'?:tl zf/ll/s pmhf{sf] ; f]t xf]. o;n] dflg;nfo{ cftdljzjf;l / cffl6nf] agfpf5 / O{iof{n' x'g lbfb}g. t/ ;a} cë ;Unf epsf JolQm dfq tgb'?:t x'g5g\ egg] xf]og. ckfë JolQmx klg pmhf{zln / sltko cj:yfdf cltl/qm Ifdtf ;DkGg x'g ;S5g\. lziffnfo{ kf7 / l;4fgtdf dfq ;Lldt gu/fp/ :jf:yo lziff, Jofofd, v]ns'b cflbl;t ;dflxt u/fopsf] afnaflnsfsf] zf/ll/s Ifdtf / tgb'?:tl a9fpgs} nflu xf]. :jf:yo, lziff, zf/ll/s Jofofd / v]ns'bn] afnaflnsfnfo{ pmhf{zln, cffl6nf, ;d"xdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] / cfkm"egbf a9l Ifdtf epsfnfo{ dfgg ;Sg] agfpf5. ljbfyl{x sf] Ifdtf / ;Ldf lrg]/ pglx nfo{ pko'qm zf/ll/s ultljlw jf v]ns'bdf ;fd]n u/fpg ;s]df rl/qjfg\ gful/s tof/ kfg{] cleofgsf] Pp6f r/0fsf] /fd f] yfngl x'g;s5. tgb'?:tlkl5 x'g'kg{] csf{] dxœjk"0f{ u'0f ;fx; xf]. ;fx;sf cg]s?k x'g5g\. lg8/ x'g' o;sf] Pp6f kif xf] eg] 8/nfO{ lgogq0f ug{ ;Sg' csf{ kif xf]. t/ ;fx;sf] cy{ g8/fpg' dfq klg xf]og. ;fx;l JolQm 8/fpFb}g dfq xf]og, p;n] 8/nfO{ cfˆgf] xltof/ klg agfpfb}g. p;n] c df s[lqd qf; ptkgg u/fp/ / 8/ km}nfp/ cfˆgf] :jfy{ k"lt{ ug{] sfo{ klg ub{}g. dflg;x nfo{ /fli6«otf, wd{, O{Zj/, k fs[lts k sf]k, d[to', e"tk ]t cflbsf af/]df 8/ b]vfpg] eosf] pbf]u ;+;f/df nfdf] ;dob]lv :yflkt 5. k'?ifn] dlxnfdf lg/gt/sf] vt/f b]vfp/ cfkm"nfo{ pglx sf] ;+/Ifs l;4 ug{] k of; ug'{ o;sf] Pp6f k ToIf pbfx/0f 42 lzifs r}t @)^$

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1fg lj1fg ef]lnsf] s[lif k ljlwm lhpdcf] ljzjsf] a9\bf] hg;ª\vof / a9\bf] hljg:t/ wfgg ;'wfl/psf] cfg'j+lzs s[lif k ljlw -lhpdcf]_ Pp6f a/bfg ;fljt x'g;s5. t/, lrgtfsf] s'/f, of] k ljlw ljzjsf ul/a ls;fgsf] kx' FreGbf w]/} 6f9f, cd]l/sf / o'/f]ksf s]xl 7"nf ax'/fli6«o sdkglx?sf] d'7\7ldf ;Lldt 5. cf g'j+lzs u'0f kl/jt{gn] ljzjsf] s[lif If]qsf] :j?kdf cfd"n kl/jt{g NofO/x]sf] 5. df]g;fg6f] h:tf cd]l/sfsf h}ljs k ljlwdf nfu]sf ;+:yfx n] j+zfg'ut u'0f kl/jt{g ul/psf afnl -h]g]l6snnl df]l8kmfo8 cuf{lghd lhpdcf]_ sf] k j4{g ug{ u/]sf k of;nfo{ o'/f]kn] z'?b]lv g} c:jlsf/ ub{} cfpsf] 5. lhpdcf] k ljlwaf6 ptkflbt cgg pkef]u ubf{ s'g} xflg k'ub}g eg]/ j}1flgsx n] cfzjf;g lbp klg / ljzj Jofkf/ ;+3n] o:tf j:t'sf] cfoftdf nufpsf] k ltagw x6fpg o'/f]k]nl cfof]unfo{ cfb]z lbpsf] ep klg w]/} o'/f]k]nlx n] c } To:tf s[lifpkhsf] pkef]u ug{ kfpsf 5}gg\. t/ a]nfotsf] vfbfgg Jofkf/ sdkgl 6f6] PG8 lnn sf dflns Oofg kmu{';gsf] ljrf/df of] cj:yf l5 } ablng ;S5. pgl cfzfjfbl x' Fb} eg5g\, æxfdl Oltxf;sf] o:tf] df]8df 5f}F hxff lhpdcf]ú k ljlw hljgsf] ckl/xfo{ cë agg hffb}5.æ a]nfotsf] vfbfgg tyf k]o kbfy{;dagwl Jofkf/ ;+:yfx sf] dxf;+3sf cwoif ;d]t /x]sf kmu{ ';gsf] egfodf ljzjsf 7"nf vfbfgg lgof{ts sdkglx n] of] k ljlwnfo{ :jlsf/ ul/;s]sf] x'fbf o;nfo{ a]jf:tf ug{ ca ufx f] 5. x'g klg s]xl xktf klxn] dfq a]nfotl ls;fgx sf] ;d"x sf]kfsf]u]sún] lhpdcf] dflysf] k ltagw gx6fpdf o'/f]ksf] kz'kfng pbf]u tx;gx; x'g] r]tfjgl lbpsf] 5. xfn;fn} a;]sf] o'/f]ksf s[lif dgqlx sf] a}7s lhpdcf]ú ds} / cfn'sf] cfoftdf nufopsf] k ltagw x6fpg] ls gx6fpg] egg] ljifodf clgl0f{t g} 6'lËof] t/ l56} a:g] o'/f]k]nl cfof]usf] a}7sn] of] k ltagw x6fpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf w]/}lt/af6 JoQm ug{ yflnpsf] 5. o'/f]k]nl cfof]un] lhpdcf]dflysf] k ltagw x6fof] eg] df]g;fg6f] sf] :jfefljs ljho x'g]5. lsgeg] df]g;fg6f] n] of] If]qdf o;cl3 g} 7"nf] Jofkfl/s ;kmntf xfl;n ul/;s]sf] 5. ljut tlg jif{b]lv o;sf] cfdbfgl / gfkmf tla ultdf a9]sf] 5. df]g;fg6f] n] ut jif{ *=^ ca{ cd]l/sl 8n/sf] sf/f]af/ u/]/ 08} Ps s/f]8 ; f]tm b Osf]gf]ldS:6 8n/ gfkmf sdfpsf] lyof]. o;/l gfkmf a9\gdf ljzje/ vfbfggsf] efp cfssfl;g'n] an k' ofpsf] 5. t/ df]g;fg6f] sf prr clwsf/l a ]6 a]u]dofg df]g;fg6f] n] lhpdcf]df u/]sf] k ultsf sf/0fn] ;+:yfsf] gfkmf a9]sf] atfpf5g\. ;g\ @)!@ ;Dddf ;+:yfsf] gfkmf bf]aa/ x'g] pgsf] cfzf 5. o'/f]k afx]s cgoq lhpdcf] k ljlw ;kmn epsfn] df]g;fg6f] sf] gfkmf a9]sf] xf]. o; pbf]usf] ptf/r9fjnfo{ glhsaf6 lgofln/x]sf] u}/gfkmfd'vl ;+:yf OG6/Gof;gn ;le{; km/ PlSjlh;g ckm Plu 6]s PlKns];G; -cfo{p;ppp_ sf cg';f/ lhpdcf] k ljlw Jofj;flos kdf ahf/df cfpsf]!@ jif{df o;n] ktofpg} g;lsg] vfnsf] k ult u/]sf] 5. ut jif{ ljzjdf lhpdcf] v]tl epsf] If]qkmn!@ k ltztn] a9]/!! s/f]8 $) nfv x]s6/ k'u]sf] 5. lhpdcf] v]tl epsf] If]qkmn ;a}egbf a9]sf] b]z cd]l/sf xf] t/ ch{]lg6gf, a flhn, ef/t / rlgdf klg :6sM s/f]8 6gdf ljzjdf ux' Fsf] 36\bf] e08f/, a9\bf] d"no * k If]lkt cg'dfg * d"nom 8n/ a';]n! a';]n = @&=@! s]hl! 8n/=? ^# lzifs r}t @)^$ 55

1fg lj1fg ljzjdf h}ljs k ljlw -lhpdcf]_ df cfwfl/t v]tlsf] lj:tf/ ef/t / rlg wgl x' Fb} hffbf ljzjdf vfbfggsf] dfu c a9\g] t/ v]tlof]uo hldg, kfgl / pmhf{ b'n{e x' Fb} hfg] lglzrt 5. yf]/} kfgl, yf]/} pmhf{ / yf]/} dn k of]u u/]/ ptkfbg a9fpg] cfˆgf] jrg lhpdcf]ún] k"/f u of] eg] o;n] of] ;d:of ;dfwfg u5{. o;sf] b 'tultdf lj:tf/ eo/x]sf] 5. cd]l/sfsf] csf]{ ax'/fli6«o sdkgl 8'F kf] sf] Pp6f ljefu kfof]lgo/ xfo la 8 sf yf]d; j]:6 eg5g\, æo'/f]k rff8} o; a;df rl9;sg'k5{ gqeg] p;sf] a; 5'6\5.Æ cf}bf]lus k/fdz{bftf sdkgl qmf]kgf]l;; sf cg';f/ s[lif hlj -h]g]l6s_ k ljlwsf] ljzj ahf/ ;g\ @))! df tlg ca{ 8n/ /x]sf]df @))^ df ^ ca{ 8n/ k'uof]. @)!! ;Dddf of] sf/f]af/ a9]/ cf7 ca{ 8n/ gf g] cg'dfg ul/psf] 5. hd{glsf] alppp;pkm KnfG6 ;fog; sf k d'v sfo{sf/l xfg; sf:6n] ;g\ @)@% df lhpdcf] k ljlwsf] bf]; f] k':tf ahf/df cfpfbf o;sf] ahf/ a9]/ %) ca{ 8n/ k'ug] cg'dfg u/]sf 5g\. lhpdcf]sf ;dy{sx cfzfjfbl 5g\ lsgeg] ;fdflhs, Jofkfl/s / k fljlws zlqm ;a} o;sf] kifdf Psf]xf]l/Psf 5g\. ef/t / rlg wgl x'fb} hffbf ljzjdf vfbfggsf] dfu c a9\g] t/ v]tlof]uo hldg, kfgl / pmhf{ b'n{e x'fb} hfg] lglzrt 5. yf]/} kfgl, yf]/} pmhf{ / yf]/} dn k of]u u/]/ ptkfbg a9fpg] cfˆgf] jrg lhpdcf]ún] k"/f u of] eg] o;n] of] ;d:of ;dfwfg u5{. df]g;fg6f] sf] /fpg8 ck /]8LÚ ds} / e6df; h:tf of] k ljlwsf z'?sf ptkfbgnfo{ j+zfg'ut kl/dfh{g u/l ljiffbln] g5'g] agfopsf] lyof]. o;f] ubf{ ls;fgnfo{ afnldf Iflt gk' ofosg v]taf/ldf nfug] sl/f / f/ gi6 ug{ ;lhnf] epsf] 5. lhpdcf]sf] csf{ ] r/0fdf o:tf afnldf ;'Vvf k lt/f]w ug{ ;Sg] u'0f ylkg]5. df]g;fg6f] sf clwsf/lx of] k ljlwsf] ljsf; b 'tultdf x'g] atfpf5g\. pglx sf cg';f/ z'?df sdko'6/ k ljlw h'g cj:yfdf lyof] lhpdcf] k ljlw clxn] ToxL cj:yfdf 5. df]g;fg6f] sf clwsf/lsf cg';f/ sdko'6/sf] ;ˆ6j]o/ pbf]udf h:t} o;df klg af}l4s ;DklQsf] clwsf/ sfod x'gfn] o;sf] dxœj a9\5. t/ ;ˆ6j]o/ pbf]udf h:t} o; pbf]udf klg rf]/lsf] 8/ 5. ch{ ]lg6gf / rlgdf t ;/sf/n] g} o:tf] rf]/lnfo{ a9fjf lbpsf 5g\. sdko'6/ ;ˆ6j]o/ pbf]un] ;kmntf kfpg'sf] /x:o s] lyof] eg] p;n] cfˆgf] ;ˆ6j]o/ rf]/l x'fbf klg To;nfO{ r'krfk ;x]/ a;]sf] lyof] lsgeg] eljiodf rf]/l ug{ gkfog] sfg"g nfu" epkl5 klg u fxsx n] ToxL ;ˆ6j]o/ rnfpnfg\ / Tof] lsgg tof/ xf]nfg\ egg] cfzf sdkgln] u/]sf lyp. lhpdcf]sf] dfdnfdf klg oxl s'/f nfu" x'g;s5. o:tf sdkglsf dflnsnfo{ k ljlw rf]/l x'g] s'/f;fu 8/ nfu5 egl ;f]wbf pglx eg5g\, ænfu5 klg nfub}g klg.æ pglx sf cg';f/, tl b]zx wgl epkl5 cyjf ljzjjofkf/ ;+3sf] lgod nfu]kl5 ToxfFsf ls;fgn] of] k ljlw k of]u u/]afkt z'ns ltg{ yfn5g\. ch{ ]lg6gfn] t o;f] ug{ yfln klg ;s]sf] 5. lhpdcf]sf] eljio o;n] ls;fgnfo{ egbf klg pkef]qmfnfo{ lbg] kmfobfdf e/ kg]{5. pbfx/0fsf nflu kfof]lgo/ xfola 8 n] ;g\ @))( ;Dddf ahf/df Nofpg] nio /fv]sf] lhpdcf] k ljlwdf cfwfl/t e6df; c :jflbnf] / :jf:yoj4{s x'g] bfal u/]sf] 5. b Osf]gld:6, @# km]a 'c/l @))* 56 lzifs r}t @)^$

1fg lj1fg cf lhpdcf] afnlm 8/ / sf}t'xn g'j+lzs Ol~hlgol/ª bf]; f] cf}bf]lus qmflgt xf]. klxnf] cf}bf]lus qmflgtdf ef}ltszf:qsf] pkof]u epsf] lyof] / To;sf] c;/ pklgj]zjfb;fu} ljzje/ lj:tf/ epsf] lyof]. clxn]sf] qmflgt hljlj1fg;fu ;DalGwt 5 / of] ljzjfjofkls/0f;fu} lj:tf/ x'fb}5. hljk ljlw clxn];ddsf ;a} qmflgt egbf 7"nf] qmflgt x'g]5. clxn];ddsf ;a} qmflgt 9'Ë] xltof/ agfpg]b]lv lnp/ rgb dfdf k'ug] clg OG6/g]6sf] cfljisf/ df dflg;n] k s[ltn] lbpsf s'/fnfo{ tndfly, j/k/ kfg{] sfd dfq u/]sf lyp. t/ lhpdcf] cgtu{t k s[ltn] lbpsf j:t' g} abng ;Dej epsf] 5. of] dfgj Oltxf;sf] ;a}egbf 7"nf] ljsf; xf]. o;n] dflg;sf] g}ltstf / o;sf] kl/0ffd ;DaGwdf klg k Zg p7fpsf] 5. clxn];dd g}ltstfsf] k Zg dflg;n] dflg;;fu ug{] Jojxf/;Fu dfq ;DalGwt lyof]. ca dflg;n] k s[lt;fu ug{] Jojxf/;Fu klg of] ;DalGwt x'g k'u]sf] 5. cfg'j+lzs Ol~hlgol/ª;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} klg 5nkmn lj1fg;fu dfq} ;DalGwt x' Fb}g. o;df cgo kif klg ;DalGwt x'g5g\. la?jfsf] ljz]iftf ltgsf] lhgúdf e/ kb{5, h'g pglx n] cfˆgf k'vf{af6 u x0f u/]sf x'g5g\. Psfk;df ldng] la?jfx sf alrdf Pp6fsf lglzrt u'0f csf{ ]df /fvg] rng k'/fgf] xf]. o:tf] sfd dflg;n] v]taf/ldf ug{ ] uy{ ]. o;f] ug{ nfdf] ;do nfu]sf] lyof]. t/ s'g} la?jfsf] cfg'j+lzs u'0f km]g{ clxn] w]/} ;do kv{g'kb{ }g, t'?gt} x'g5, v]taf/ldf hfg'kb{ }g, k of]uzfnfd} x'g5. la?jfdf s'g} lhg ykg ;lsg5, s'g} lhgnfo{ lgliqmo agfpg ;lsg5. o;f]ubf{ o:tf] lhgú glhssf] gft]bf/s} x'g'k5{ egg] 5}g, h'g;'s} la?jfsf] ep klg x'g5, hgfj/sf] ep klg x'g5. s[lif hlj k ljlwsf] Jofkf/ s[lif hlj k ljlwsf] () k ltzt ljzj Jofkf/ cd]l/sl sdkgl df]g;fg6f] sf] xftdf 5. affsl l;gh]g6f, afo/ qmk ;le{;, 8fcf] / 8'F kf] n] lnpsf 5g\. clxn];dd e6df;, ds}, skf; / /]kl;8 u/l rf/ j6f afnlsf] dfq} lhpdcf] ahf/df pknaw 5. ;v/v08 ahf/df cfpg] qmddf 5. ol afnldf b'o{ lsl;dn] j+zfg'ut u'0f kl/jt{g ul/psf] 5. klxnf], Pp6f la?jfdf csf{ ] afnlsf] lhg xfn]/ logdf sl/f dfg{] u'0f ylkg5. bf]; f], o;/l OlGhlgol/ª kl/jt{g ul/g5 ls v]taf/ldf hljgfzs ljiffbl xfnbf c f/ d5{g\ t/ la?jf afnl db{}g. lhpdcf]n] xflg ub{}g t < gf]a]n k'/:sf/ ljh]tf lhglj1 a ]g/sf cg';f/ j}1flgsx lhpdcf]n] xflg ub{} ub{}g eg]/ vfbfgg h:tf] dflg;sf nflu geo{ gx'g] ttj;fu ;DalGwt / dfgj Oltxf;sf] ;a}egbf 7"nf] j}1flgs pknlaw dflgpsf] h}ljs k ljlw cfh dflg;sf] sf}t'xnaf6 xf]og ;fx'hlx sf] :jfy{af6 lgb{ ]lzt 5. egg 8/fPsf 5g\. pglx nfo{ cfkm" gdl/sg o;n] xflg u/]sf] b]vg'knf{ ls egg] 8/ nfu]sf] 5. lhpdcf] afnlsf] k/lif0f ug{ g;lspnf egg] klg nfu]sf] 5. j}1flgs k/lif0f ubf{ h] sf] k/lif0f ug{ nfu]sf] xf] To;nfO{ c sf] ;Dks{df cfpg lbg'x'fb}g. t/ lhpdcf] la?jfnfo{ c la?jfaf6 k"0f{ kdf cnu ug{ ldnb}g. r/f, dfx'/l, k'tnl / xfjf h:tf k/fu;]rg u/fpg] ttjx n] s'g lhpdcf] la?jf xf] s'g xf]og eg]/ jf:tf ub} {gg\. Jofkf/åf/f lgb{ ]lzt la8dagfsf] s'/f, vfbfgg h:tf] dflg;sf nflu geo{ gx'g] ttj;fu ;DalGwt / dfgj Oltxf;sf] ;a}egbf 7"nf] j}1flgs pknlaw dflgpsf] h}ljs k ljlw cfh dflg;sf] sf}t'xnaf6 xf]og ;fx'hlx sf] :jfy{af6 lgb{ ]lzt 5. lhpdcf] k ljlw dflg;sf] ;fd"lxs k of;sf] pkh xf] egg] s'/f dfgg sf]xl klg tof/ 5}g. o;sf] pn6f] o; k ljlwnfo{ Jofkfl/s :jfy{åf/f k ]l/t ;d"xsf] sfd egg] 7flgG5. o; k ljlwsf lj?4 lbog] clwsf+z ts{x k ljlw sfd gnfug] 5Ú egg] ljifo;fu xf]ogù 7"nf ax'/fli6«o sdkgln] cfˆgf] zlqmsf] b'?kof]u unf{g\ egg] lrgtf;fu ;DalGwt 5g\. of] k ljlw ljzjjofkls/0f / cd]l/sg k e'tj lj/f]wsf] ;Í]t agg k'u]sf] 5. s[lif dfgj ;Eotfsf] cfwf/ xf]. of] If]q s]xl 7"nf sdkglsf] lgogq0fdf /x]sf] prr k ljlwsf] cª\s'zdf h]lng k'uof] eg] :yfglo :jtgqtfsf] s] xfnt xf]nf < s[lif;fu ;DalGwt of] k ljlw dg nfug]n] ckgfpg kfpg] / dg gnfug]n] gckgfpg kfpg] ;fj{hlgs j:t' eolbpsf] ep dfdnf cs{ } x'g]lyof]. ljzj vfb tyf s[lif ;Ë7g h:tf cgt/f{li6«o ;Ë7gx n] of] k ljlw vl/b u/]/ ;a}nfo{ l;q}fdf pknaw u/fpg] Joj:yf ug{ ;s] eg] rflxf w]/} lrgtfsf] cgto x'g]5. To:t} of] k ljlwnfo{ cfˆg} ult / cfˆgf] cfjzostf cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ x/]s b]znfo{ lbg'k5{. xl/t qmflgtdf klg o:tf] :jtgqtf lbopsf] lyof]. hlj k ljlw sdkglx n] sljtf k9\nfg\ / ltgsf] :jfb n]nfg\ egg] nfub}g. pggfo;f} F ztfablsf h:tf j}1flgs epsf ep pglx n] ljlnod Aofssf] sljtf p4[t ub{ } hjfkm lbg] lyp xf]nfg\ æuntl x'g' / nf]k x'g' eujfgsf] nlnf xf].æ Jofkfl/s afnlsf b[li6n] r/f jf dfx'/l cyjf s'g} f/ nf]k x'g' s;}sf] untlsf pkh x'g ;Snfg\ t/ k s[ltsf] nlnfsf nflu eg] tl ckl/xfo{ lrh x'g\. /fh]z sf]rf/ -b lxgb", @$ km]a 'c/l @))*_ lzifs r}t @)^$ 57

l/kf]6{ cg'zln Mt. 8848 lzifssf] kk Aof08 kffr hgf lzifs ldn]/ z'? u/]sf] ;fëllts Jof08 Pd6L **$*Ú qmdzm g]kfnl kk ;ËLt ljwfsf] prfotkm{ ndsfbf] 5. t/ kk ufogaf6 Voflt sdfp klg pglx cfkm" lzifs x'g'd} a9l uj{ u5{g\. klxn]sf lzifs clxn]sf kk ufosx ljbfyl{nfo{ ;fëllts 1fg aff8\g kfpfbf a9l ;Gt'li6 ldng] atfpf5g\. g] kfnl kk ;ËLtsf] If]qdf b'o{ jif{otf b]vf k/]sf] Pd6L **$* (Mt. 8848) Aof08 5f]6f] ;dod} :yflkt epsf] 5. Aof08sf kffr o'jf ;ËLtsdL{ ;a} k]zfn] lzifs x'g\. pglx ;a} hgf kk Aof08 :yfkgf x'g'cl3b]lv g} /fhwfglsf] Uofn]S;L :s"ndf ;ËLt lzifssf] kdf sfo{/t 5g\. Aof08sf ;b:odwo] j]; lu6fl/i6 km0f]gb lnda" ;f] :s"ndf!) jif{b]lv sfo{/t 5g\ eg] ufos bz{g /fo{ ^ jif{b]lv, ln8 lu6fl/i6 lgd{n u8\tf}nf $ jif{b]lv lzifs 5g\. Aof08sf 8«d/ ljgf]b nfdf / lutf/ jfbs lzj lnda"n] ljbfyl{nfo{ ;ËLt l;sfpg yfn]sf] tlg jif{ eo;s]sf] 5. kffrhgf dwo] km0f]gb w/fgsf / bz{g bfhl{lnªsf x'g\ eg] c ljgf]b, lgd{n / lzj tlg} hgf sf7df8f}fsf x'g\. of] ;+;f/ gfds ullt cnad lnp/ ;ËLt If]qdf b]lvpsf] of] ;d"xsf a"9];sfnsf] nf7\7l===, d:sl d:sl ts]{/ lxf8\g]n]===, /ft u'hfg{=== cflb ult / o;sf Do'lhs lel8of] kk ;ËLtk ]dldf lgss} rlr{t 5. ut jif{ Od]h Rofgnn] k bfg u/]sf] ;ËLt cjf8{df of] Aof08sf] ultn] j]i6 kk ef]sn kkm{d]g; cjf8{ú / ;jf]{ts[i6 Do'lhs lel8of] lgb]{zgsf] cjf8{ xft kf/]sf] lyof]. g]kfnsf gfd rn]sf kk Aof08x!(&$ P8L, PS; Aof08 / ;fo; Ao08 nfo{ pl5g]/ ;f] cjf8{ xft kfbf{sf] If0fnfO{ ol ;ËLt lzifsx ;f]rb} g;f]r]sf] ;kmntf 7fG5g\. Tof] a]nf cjf8{ kfpg] cfz} gepsf] atfpfb} lgd{n eg5g\, æ!(&$ P8L h:tf] ;d"x;fu gf]ldg]zgdf kg'{ g} xfd f] nflu 7"nf] s'/f lyof].æ klzrdf ;ËLtnfO{ g]kfnldf 9flnPsf] tyf df}lns g]kfnl zab k of]u ul/psf] cfˆgf] klxnf] cnad g} ;kmn epsf]df ol ;a} dfi6ú;fax bë epsf] kfog5g\. z'?df cfˆg} ;fyl / kl/jf/sf nflu agfpsf] cnad o;/l cfd >f]tfdf rn5 eg]/ glrtfpsf] km0f]gb atfpf5g\. pgl eg5g\, æklzrdf ;ËLtnfO{ g]kfnldf u/]sf] ˆo'hg >f]tfn]?rfp.æ of] ;d"xsf ultx df klzrdf Hofh, An"h, /s, kk;fu} g]kfnlkgsf] nf]s kk klg ;d]l6psf] kfog5. lzifssf] kdf sfo{/t /x]/ lzif0f k]zfaf6} hlljsf]kfh{g ul//x]sf ol % hgf lzifsnfo{ clxn] cfkm"x nfo{ ;]lnla 6LÚ alg;s]sf] h:tf] nfub} nfub}g. ljgf]b eg5g\, æxfd f] ultsf w]/} >f]tf ylkpsf 5g\, 7fpF 7fpFdf sg;6{ eo/x]5g\ t/ klg xfdlnfo{ vf;} kl/jt{g dx;"; epsf] 5}g, lxhf] h:tf] lyof] To:t} nflu/x]5.æ lzj yk5g\, æxfd } ljbfyl{x sf] x]/fodf eg] s]xl kl/jt{g kfpsf 5f}F, klxn] xfdl pglx sf lzifs dfq} lyof}fù clxn] pglx n] xfdlnfo{ 3/sf] 6]lnlehg / zx/df epsf sg;6{df klg b]v]/ xf]nf cln km/s Jojxf/ u5{g\.æ ljbfnosf] jflif{s pt;jsf a]nf ljlegg!^ efsfsf ult / afnult agfpg] qmddf tlg j6f kk ult klg tof/ kf/]kl5 cnad lgsfng] rfxgf a9]sf] km0f]gb atfpf5g\. pgl eg5g\, æb'o{ jif{cl3 ;fd"lxs kdf o;/l ult tof/ ubf{ xfd f] Aof08 ag]s} lypg.æ tlg j6f ultdf c kffr j6f yk]/ cnad lgsfng] epkl5 Pd6L **$* gfd /fv]/ kk Aof08 agfpsf] 58 lzifs r}t @)^$

8Da/s[i0f >]i7 pgl atfpf5g\. ljzjsf] ;jf]{rr lzv/ ;u/dfyfsf] prfoaf6} cfˆgf] Aof08sf] gfd /fvg'sf] sf/0f atfpfb} pgl eg5g\, æg]kfnlkgdf j]i6g{ 6r lbgnfo{ Pd6L **$* gfd /fv]sf xf}f.æ cfˆgf ult rlr{t ag]kl5 of] ;d"xsf] rrf{ / lrgf/l ljbfnosf] rf}3]/faf6 lgss} 6f9f;Dd km}ln;s]sf] 5. /fhwfgldf x'g] clwsf+z ;fëllts sg;6{x df of] ;d"xnfo{ b]vg, ;'Gg kfog5. kl5nnf] ;dodf /fhwfgl / aflx/sf ag]kf, kf]v/f, w/fg, a'6jn, gf/fo0fu9 cflb :yfgx sf ;fëllts ;df/f]xdf ;d]t Pd6L **$* Aof08sf] dfu lgss} a9]sf] 5. :6]h zf] sf nflu xfn;dd kf]v/f dfq} ( k6s k'lu;s]sf] of] ;d"x oxl r}t dlxgfdf lgdf?daf, ;ljg /fo{ h:tf rlr{t kk ufosx sf ;fy ;'v]{t, g]kfnu~h, wgu9ldf cfˆgf] ;fëllts k :t'lt lnp/ hfg] tof/ldf 5. ldzg k};f gfds g]kfnl rnlrqsf] of] ;+;f/=== af]nsf] ult klg oxl Aof08n] tof/ u/]sf] 5. clxn] pglx xktfsf] ^ lbgù laxfg ( ah]b]lv $ ah];dd lzifssf kdf Jo:t /xg5g\. To;kl5 ;ff * ah];dd ljbfnoxftfleq}sf] Pp6f sf]7fdf Aof08sf ultsf] ceof;df d:t x'g5g\. km0f]gb eg5g\, æ:s"nleq k;]kl5 ( b]lv $ ah];ddsf] ;dodf xfdl sf]xl klg kk Aof08sf ;b:o /xggf} FÙ Tolta]nf lzifs dfq} x'g5f}f.æ /fhwfgl / aflx/sf sg;6{x sf nflu a9]sf] dfun] pglx nfo{ Psflt/ ljbfnoaf6 5' L ldnfpg'kg] { cj:yf 5 eg] csf] {lt/ b]z ljb]zdf ;fëllts klxrfg;fu} cfly{s kmfobf klg eo/x]sf] 5. nuftf/sf] ;kmntfn] of] ;d"xsf] xf};nf a9]sf] 5. To;}n] clxn] pglx cfˆgf] goff cnadsf] tof/l klg ul//x]5g\. ljbfnosf] lzif0f / sg;6{x sf] Jo:ttfn] ubf{ goff cnad ahf/df Nofpg l9nfo epsf] pglx atfpf5g\. klxnf] cnadsf ult gktofpfbf] kdf >f]tfn]?rfpkl5 ca goff cnaddf Tof]eGbf /fd f] l;h{gf k:sg'kg]{ r'gf}tl cfkm"x ;fd' /x]sf] ljgf]b atfpf5g\. pgl eg5g\, æxfdln] Jofj;flostf ;f]r]/ cnad lgsfn]s} lypgf} F t/ rnof]ù ca of]egbf /fd f] lgsfng] r'gf}tl ylkpsf] 5. To;}n] klxn]egbf w]/} ldlxg]t ul//x]sf 5f}F.Æ ;a}hgf ldn]/ ;fd"lxs kdf zab / ;ËLt l;h{gf ug] { epsf]n] klg cfkm"x sf ult >f]tfn]?rfpsf] 7x/ pglx sf] 5. klxn] lzifs clxn]sf kk Aof08sf ;b:o ;d]t /x]sf kffr} hgf cfkm" lzifs ep/ ljbfyl{x nfo{ hfg]sf] 1fg aff8\g kfpsf]df cftd;gt'li6 ldng] u/]sf] atfpf5g\. lzif0f / ufog If]q Pscsf{df w]/} km/s /x]sf] cg'ej pglx sf] 5. ;fëllts sfo{qmdsf] d~rdf kk ult ufpfbf pk mg], lrrofpg] ol lzifsx cfˆgf] ljbfno aflx/ / leq b'o{ rl/q epsf] atfpf5g\. aflx/ ult ufpfbf cfˆg} :jtgqtf / ;ËLtsf] d:tldf 'd] klg ljbfnoleqsf] lhdd]jf/l a9l dxœjk"0f{ epsf] pglx sf] 7DofO 5. cfkm"x lzifs epsf]df uj{ ug]{ ;d"xsf km0f]gb eg5g\, æljbfyl{sf] eljio lzifssf] xftdf /x]sfn] x/]s lzifs lhdd]jf/ / pbfx/0flo agg' h?/l 5.Æ ljgf]b nfdf, lgd{n u8\tf}nf, bz{g /fo{, lzj lnda" / km0f]gb lnda" -afoffaf6_. lzifs r}t @)^$ 59

;dliffm k':ts df]xg d}gfnl /fho k'g;{ +/rgfsf nflu ;Gbe{ ;fdu L p g]kfnsf slt lhnnf, uflj; jf gu/kflnsfdf s'g} Pp6f hflt ax'dtdf 5 < s'g efiff af]ng] dflg; sxff a:5g\ < o:tf k Zgsf] cflwsfl/s hjfkm kltfda/ zdf{sf] k':ts cg ofelnë b df]hføsm :Kof;n P:k]S6\; ckm PlYgl;6L Og g]kfn n] lbg5. /f Ho k'g;{ +/rgfsf] tof/ldf /x]sf] g]kfnsf nflu s'g hfthflt sxff slt dfqfdf a:5g\ < s'g efiff sxffsf slt dfg5]n] af]n5g\ < h:tf k Zgsf] hjfkmn] lgs} dxœj /fv5. o;cl3 klg o:tf k Zgsf] hjfkm vf]hg] k of; gepsf xf]ogg\. ljutsf cwoogn] /fli6«o jf lhnnf txdf kmnfgf hfthfltsf] ;ª\Vof olt 5 eg]/ atfpsf lyp. t/ ;f/f ;+/rgf km]l/g nfu]sf a]nfdf lhnnfsf] k':tsm cg ofelnë b df]hføsm :Kof;n P:k]S6\; ckm PlYgl;6L Og g]kfn, n]vsm kltfda/ zdf{ ;+:s/0f M k yd -@))*_, k sfzsm ;f];n ;fog; axfm lxdfn a's;, k[i7!!@ -!@_ l;dfgf klg km]l/g ;S5. lhnnfsf] l;dfgf km]l/pkl5 kmnfgf lhnnfdf kmnfgf hfthflt olt 5g\ egg] s'/f klg km]l/g ;S5. To;}n] lhnnf txsf] o:tf] tyofª\s Tolt pkof]ul x'fb}g. o;sf nflu ufpf ljsf; ;ldlt gu/kflnsfsf] txdf up/ sxff, s;sf] ax'dt 5 < sxff sf] ;a}egbf 7"nf] ;d"xsf kdf /x]sf] 5 < sxffsf, slt dflg;n] s'g efiff af]n5g\ egg] s'/f x]g{ ' h?/l x'g5. of] sfd s;sf] af;:yfg sxff <M g]kfnsf d'vo hft hfltsf] ef}uf]lns ljt/0f -;g\ @))! sf] hgu0fgfdf cfwfl/t_ afx'g 5]qL u'?ª lnda' du/ d'l:nd g]jf/ /fo{ z]kf{ tfdfª yf ofbj cgo tyofí pknaw gepsf!)) )!)) @)) lsld 60 lzifs r}t @)^$

p otf / ptfm g]kfnsf] t/fo{sf lhnnf / tl;fu} hf]l8psf ef/tlo lhnnfx sf] hg3gtj -k lt ju{lsdl_ kxf8l lhnnf t/fo{ lhnnf l5d]sl ef/tlo lhnnf ) &%!%) lsld xfn} k sflzt kltfda/ zdf{sf] k':ts cg ofelnë b df]hføsm :Kof;n P:k]S6\; ckm PlYgl;6L Og g]kfn n] u/]sf] 5. ;ft v08df ljeflht o; k':tsdf g]kfnsf hfthfltsf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld, ljlegg lhnnf / uflj; gu/kflnsfdf a;f]af; ug{] hfthfltsf] dfqf clg ToxfF af]lng] efiff, d'vo hfthfltsf] g]kfne/ ljt/0f, @)$* / @)%* ;fnsf hgu0fgfn] k :t't u/]sf] g]kfnsf] hftlo / eflifs lrq / clxn]sf] /fhgllts ;Gbe{df ol hfgsf/ln] b]vfpsf] af6f] pnn]v ul/psf 5g\. ;a}egbf klxn] n]vsn] g]kfndf dflg;sf] cfudgsf] k ;Ë p7fpsf 5g\. c ljåfg\x sf] ;xf/f lnfb} pgn] g]kfn d"n kdf pq/af6 cfpsf dëf]n / blif0f klzrdaf6 cfpsf ss]l;ofnl hfltn] ag]sf] s'/f pnn]v u/]sf 5g\. g]kfndf ss]l;ofnlx sf] cfudg klg b'o{ j6f af6f / k lqmofaf6 epsf] b]lvg5. clxn]sf g]kfnl efifl kj{tlox blif0faf6 klxn] g]kfnegbf klzrdsf] kxf8 r9]/!@cf}fb]lv!$cf}f ztfablsf] alrdf g]kfndf cfp. o;/l cfpg] qmddf pglx n] cfˆgf] ;fljssf] efiff / ;+:s[lt h:tfsf] t:t} /fvg'sf] ; f goff efiff / ;+:s[lt cg';/0f u/]. t/fo{df ;a}egbf klxn] cfpg] ss]l;ofndf clx/ kb{5g\. c:yfol ufo{uf]7 lnp/ cfpsf clx/x n] lj:tf/} ot} :yfol a:tl agfp. To;kl5 ls;fg / d';ndfgx cfp. pglx ef/taf6 kxf8 grl9sg ;f] } clxn]sf] g]kfnl e"efudf cfpsf x'g\. pglx n] laxf/ / pq/ k b]z;fusf] cfˆgf] ;f+:s[lts / eflifs ;Dks{ sfod} /fv]. o;/l ss]l;ofnlx t/fo{df cfpkl5 ToxfF pglx cfpg'egbf klxno}b]lv a;f]af; ul//x]sf yf x lj:tf/} s'gf k:b} up. o; k':tssf cg';f/ g]kfndf Ps;o y/l hfthflt b]ze/ 5l/P/ 5\of;ld; ep/ a;]sf 5g\. Pp6f ;fgf] lhnnfdf klg krf; j6f egbf a9l hfthflt a:5g\. o;/l ljlegg hfthflt 3'nldn x'g] qmd nfdf] ;dob]lv rlncfpsf] lyof] / of] qmd lg/gt/ rln/x]sf] 5. krf; jif{cl3 s'g efiff af]ng] slt k ltzt dflg; s'g e]udf a:y] / clxn] slt a:5g\ egg] tyofín] klg of] s'/fnfo{ k'li6 u5{. o; k':tsn] g]kfnl, tfdfª, lnda", /fo{ ls/fftl, du/ cflb efifl pglx sf] k'vof{}nl ynf]af6 cgoq ;b{} upsf] b]vfpsf] 5. pbfx/0fsf nflu krf; jif{cl3 ((=^ k ltzt lnda"x k"jl{ kxf8df a:y], t/ clxn] s'n lnda" efiflsf] &@ k ltzt dfq ToxfF a:5g\. affsl cgoq 5l/Psf 5g\. d}lynl efifl o;sf ckjfb x'g\. pglx k"jl{ t/fo{sf] cfˆgf] ynf]af6 r6k6fpsf 5}gg\ eg] x'g5. zdf{sf] ljzn]if0fn] s] b]vfpsf] 5 eg] hfthflt / efiffsf] ljljwtfsf b[li6n] g]kfnsf] t/fo{ ;a}egbf pj{/ / ;'b"/klzrdl kxf8 ;a}egbf ul/a If]q xf]. df]/ª ;a}egbf a9l hftlo ljljwtf epsf] lhnnf xf]. @)%* ;fnsf] hgu0fgfdf g]kfnln] (@ j6f efiff af]ny] elgpsf] 5. df]/ªdf ;a}egbf a9l () j6f efiff af]lngy] eg] sfnlsf]6df ;a}egbf sd gf} j6f efiff af]lngy]. lzifs r}t @)^$ 61

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Pp6f k ]/s clen]v hf]g p8n] ;'ljwf;dkgg 7fpFdf hgdg]n] :jtm lziffsf] cj;/ kfpg] / ul/a d'n'sdf hlgdg] JolQm lziff kfpg] cj;/af6} jl~rt x'g'kg] { kl/l:yltnfo{ cgofosf kdf lnpsf 5g\ / To;nfO{ km]g{sf nflu cfˆgf] cleofg cl3 a9fpsf 5g\. uf pf3/sf dflg;sf] dl7f] jrg / ; ;fgf] Jojxf/df Pp6f k/b]zlsf] dg kufng] tfut x'g5 / To;af6 Pp6f cleofgn] g} hgd lng ;S5 egg] s'/fsf] :ki6 pbfx/0f xf] d 6' l/8ú cleofg / To;sf k 0f]tfsf] cftdsyf dfoqmf];ˆ6b]lv afx'g8ff8f;dd. r/d ef}ltsjfbl klzrdl b'lgoffdf dlnnpsf] Pp6f o'js g]kfn 3'Dg] qmddf ndh'ªsf] Pp6f nhdf a;]sf a]nf gbldf 8'afP/ lao/ lr:ofpg] :yfglo afnssf] h'lqmaf6 tlg 5Ss k5{, ToxLF e]l6psf ljbfno ; f]t JolQmsf s'/fx af6 leqleq} xlnng5ù clg afx'g8ff8fsf] ljbfnosf] k':tsfno elgpsf] sf]7fdf tfnfagb afs;df /flvpsf cy{ g ay{sf lstfa b]v]/ dgdg} G5. /, ToxLFaf6 z'? x'g5 p;sf] kfgt/0fsf] k lqmof. dfoqmf];ˆ6b]lv afx'g8ff8f;dd dfoqmf];ˆ6 sdkglsf] clt cfsif{s hflu/ vffbfvffb} 5' L dgfpg g]kfn cfpsf a]nf hf]g p8df k/]sf] k efj / To;sf] kl/0ffd / k ltkmnx sf] clen]v xf]. k]zfut ;kmntfsf] dflynnf] v'6\lsnfdf /x]sf JolQmn] Pp6f lgtfgt gf}nf] / ;kmntfsf] 6'Ëf] gepsf] sfddf xfdkmfnbfsf hl6n / dd{:kzl{ cg'ejx ;FuflnPsf] of] lstfa ctogt k efjf]tkfbs 5. cfˆg} b'lgoffdf dugd:t dflg;x nfo{ c sf nflu klg s]xl ug{ 'k5{ eg]/ S Sofpg] ;fdyo{ klg 5 o; lstfadf. w]/} u}/;/sf/l ;+:yf -u};;_ / ltgsf] lqmofsnfksf sf/0f u};; cfgbf]ngk lt g} ;dfhdf gsf/ftds wf/0ff a9\b} upsf a]nf p8sf] lstfan] u}/;/sf/l ;+:yfx k lt ljzjf; a9fpg] sfd klg u/]sf] 5. lstfa k9\bf hf]g p8n] klzrdf hutdf g]kfnsf] ul/al a]r]sf] b]lvfb}g. pgn] ;'ljwf;dkgg 7fpFdf hgdg]n] :jtm lziffsf] cj;/ kfpg] / ul/a d'n'sdf hlgdg] JolQm lziff kfpg] cj;/af6} jl~rt x'g'kg] { kl/l:yltnfo{ cgofosf kdf lnpsf 5g\ / To;nfO{ km]g{sf nflu cfˆgf] cleofg cl3 a9fpsf 5g\. afnaflnsfnfo{ lziff lbg] cleofgdf nfubf pgn] cfˆgl k ]ldsf u'dfp, ;'vr}g, ;DklQ / c w]/} s'/f u'dfp. t/ pgsf nflu o; qmddf u'dfpsf w]/} s'/fegbf kfpsf] Pp6f s'/f dxœjk"0f{ 5. pgn] o; sfdaf6 ul/a b]zsf afnaflnsfsf] eljio lgdf{0fdf ;xeful x'g kfpsf]df cftd;gtf]if k fkt u/]sf 5g\ / ToxL cftd;gtf]ifsf nflu clxn] lg/gt/ nflu/x]sf 5g\. pgn] klzrdf ef}ltsjfbl ;+;f/sf dflg;x nfo{ kl/rflnt ug{ ;Sof] eg] ul/a d'n'sdf w]/} yf]s ug{ ;lsg5 egg] ;Gb]z klg lbpsf 5g\. log} sf/0fx n] of] dfoqmf];ˆ6b]lv afx'g8ff8f;dd k7glo / dgglo lstfa ag]sf] 5. ca clnslt o;sf] g]kfnl ;+:s/0f / cg'jfbdf v6\lspsf s'/f u/f}f. ;a}egbf klxnf] s'/f t of] s'g k':tssf] cg'jfb xf] egg] g} kf7sn] yfxf kfpg ;Sb}gg\, cyf{t\ o;df d"n k':tssf] gfd st} pnn]v 5}g. s'g} klg ;fdu Lsf] cg'jfb ubf{ cg'jfbs d"n efiff / cg"lbt efiff;fu k"0f{ kl/lrt x'g'k5{. o:tf s'/fdf cg'jfbs r's]sf b]lvg5g\. #%)?k}off bfd lt/]sf] lstfadf s'g} ;:tf] pkgof;sf h:tf q'l6x kfpfbf kf7ssf] dg b'v5, o;n] cfkm" x]lkpsf] 7fG5. Pp6f pbfx/0f xf], klqsfdf uf]nlú. æ;fgf] cf]df/;fu tlgj6f klqsf lnpsf sfnflzgsf]e 5g\. x/]s klqsfdf al; j6f uf]nl 5g\Æ -kfgf!^@_. of] x]nr]qm\ofof / q'l6sf] k/fsfi7f xf]. pgn] cg'jfb ug{ vf]h]sf] rflxf æ;fgf] cf]df/;fu Ps] $& /fokmnsf tlg j6f Dofulhg 5g\. x/]s Dofulhgdf al; j6f uf]nl 5g\Æ egg] x'g'k5{. cg'jfbdf /x]sf o:tf q'l6sf sf/0f sltko 7fpFdf n]vsn] o;f] egg vf]h]sf] lyof] xf]nf eg]/ cg'dfg g} ug{'kg]{ cj:yf cfpf5. hah{:tl ul/psf zab lgdf{0f, h:tf] 6«fen Ph]G6nfO{ -xf]nf_ ofqf ;DaGwL bnfnú / df]6/;fosnsf] 9f8df a;]/ ul/g] e d0fú -kfgf!$$_ h:tf e2f zflabs cg'jfbsf pbfx/0f cg]sg 5g\. lstfadf k 'kmsf untl klg y'k } 5g\, Pp6} kfgfdf -kfgf @#%_ Pp6} JolQmsf] gfd st} ltgf 5 / st} l6gf. olt udel/ k':tssf] cg'jfb epkl5 Pp6f /fd f] ;Dkfbsaf6 ;Dkfbg u/fpsf] / b'o{ rf/ hgf /fd f kf7snfo{ clgtd skl k9\g lbp/ 5fk]sf] ep d"n lstfasf] ul/df hf]lug ;SYof]. k':tsm dfoqmf];ˆ6b]lv afx'g8ff8f;dd n]vsm hf]g p8 cg'jfbsm vu]gb ;+u f}nf ;+:s/0fm bf]; f] -dª\l;/, @)^$_ k sfzsm kmfog lk G6, k[i7 #@) -*_ /fh]z l3ld/] lzifs r}t @)^$ 63

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