Cherry breeding at Dresden-Pillnitz Mirko Schuster Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural and Fruit Crops
Results - new cultivars 2001-2012 Sour cherry Sweet cherry Achat Coralin Spinell Narana Jade Jachim Hamid Rubellit Boas Habunt PiSue192
Sour cherry Pillar growing type The pillar type is characterized by a natural distinctive upright growth habit with shorter internode length, narrow branch angles and a fruit set on short shoots (spurs). 1. Narrow branch angles 2. Short internode length 3. Fruit set on spurs
Cross populations inheritance pillar type Parents Seedlings Jachim self 210 Jachim o.p. 204 Jachim Oblacinska 84 Jachim B7,7,55 52 Vowi Jachim 22 Internode length: 'Jachim': 0,8 2,7 cm 'Boas': 0,6-2,3 cm 'Schattenmorelle': 1,1 2,1 cm 'Safir': 0,9 2,4 cm Greenhouse 15. May 2012
Resistance breeding Cherry leaf spot Blumeriella jaapii Blossom blight Monilinia laxa
Cherry leaf spot Sweet cherry New breeding material (2x) 'Namati' x clone 18,167 [P. avium x P. canescens] (susceptible) (resistant) F 2 progenies F 3 - crosses
Cherry leaf spot Sweet cherry F 2 cross population: 'Namati' (susceptible) x clone 18,167 (resistant) Resistant seedling (DK1,2,42) Susceptible seedling (DK1,2,16) Inheritance F 2 -population: resistant : susceptible 1 : 1 one dominante factor Cooperation with Michigan State University, East Lansing molecular marker for leaf spot resistance are developed
Cherry leaf spot Sour cherry New breeding material (4x)
Cherry leaf spot Sour cherry combination resistant susceptible total clone 3,105 x 'Fanal' 35 31 66 0,24 70-50 clone 3,106 x 'Fanal' 39 52 91 1,86 30-10 'Schattenmorelle' x clone 3,105 24 18 42 0,86 50-30 'Schattenmorelle' x clone 3,106 18 31 49 3,45 10-5 Inheritance of LS resistance F 2 seedling population (4x) resistant : susceptible 1 : 1 c 2 1 : 1 P % Hypersensitive reaction
Blossom blight (Monilia laxa) Sour cherry Rating scale (1 9) scale: 3 Jade 4 Achat 5 Köröser G. scale: 7 Ciganus 8 Mari Timpurii 9 F5,12,100
Blossom blight sour cherry cultivars 08.06.2010 Sorte Monilia 1-9 Krupnoplodnaja 1 Tschernokorka 1 Namati 1 P. avium 'Napoleon' 1 P. incisa 1 P. maackii 2 P. serrulata var. spontanea 2 P. incisa 'Incana' 2 P. dawyckensis 2 Wischnja 2,5 Jade 3 Schwäbische Weinweichel 3 Studenskaja 3 Naprumi 3 Sunburst 3 Vinka 3 P. avium 'Charger' 3 P. nipponica 3 Leitzkauer 3 Pandy 2 3 Tschernokorka 3 Timpurii de Pites. 3 Ferracida 3,5 Achat 4 Erdi nagy gymösteü 4 Eugenie imperatrice 4 Röhrigs Weichsel 4 Csengödi 4,5 Köröser Gierstädt 5 Ujfehertoi fürtös 5 Sorte = 9 cultivars Monilia 1-9 Morina 6 Pieraszt 6 Safir 6 Tarina 6 Fanal 6 Hartaer 6 Ludwigs Frühe 6 Leopolds Kirsche 6 Lara 6 Monilia Sorte 1-9 Ciganus 59 7 Debr. bötermö 7 Kantorjanosi 7 Karneol 7 Korai Pipacsmeggy 7 Korund 7 P. kurilensis 7 Mari Timpuri 8 Oblacinska 8 Pamjatch Vavilova 8 Spinell 8 Topas 8 Vowi 8 P. canenscens Pill 8 P. canescens EM 8 Hartei 8 Favorit 8 Korall 8 P. sargentii 'Klon 34' 8,5 Schirpotreb 8,5 Dropia 9 E1,3,33 9 F5, 12,100 9 F5, 13,122 9 Gerema 9 Kistiewa 9 Meteor korai 9 Pitic de Dragoslaven 9 Pitic de Jasi 9 Rubellit 9 Shukowskaja 9 Turgenjeva 9 Schattenmorelle 9 Haaks Dunkelsaftige 9 Nana 9 Paljus 9 Almas 9 = 17 cultivars = 33 cultivars Tolerant cultivars: Jade Schwäbische Weinw. Achat Ujfehertoi fürtös Morina Safir Fanal
Blossom blight (Monilia laxa) evaluation of seedling populations (2010 2011) Resistant Monilia-blossom blight ( - ) Unclear (few symptoms) Monilia-blossom blight ( 0 ) Susceptible Monilia-blossom blight ( + )
Monilia-blossom blight evaluation of seedling populations (2010 2011) Results of evaluation Monilia-bloosom blight 2010+2011 Description: resistant susceptible tolerant? Combination number of trees Segregation total resistant susceptible tolerant r : a :? Schattenmorelle x Schwäbische Weinw. 108 37 36 35 1 : 1 : 1 Morina x Schattenmorelle 64 19 28 17 1 : 1 : 1 Morina x Schwäbische W. 153 75 35 43 2 : 1 : 1 Morina x Stevnsbear Birgitte 92 36 17 39 2 : 1 : 2 Morina x Stevnsbear Viki 101 35 32 34 1 : 1 : 1 Jade x Stevnsbear Viki 104 66 12 26 2 : 1 : 1 Ujfehertoi fürtös x Stevensbear 'Viki' 195 66 78 51 1 : 1 : 1 Gerema x Schwäbische Weinw. 108 37 36 35 1 : 1 : 1
Fertility S-alleles studies Results PCR with 2 nd intron Primer bp 3000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 K S 7 S 7 S 7 S 7 S 7 S 7 S 7 S 7 S 7 S 7 S 2 bp 3000 2000 1500 1200 1031 900 800 700 600 500 400 S 5? S 5? S 4 S 4 S 4 S 4 S 4 S 4 S 4 S 4 S 4 S 4 S A S A S 3 S S S 1 S 1 S 1 S 1 S 3 1 S 1 S 1 1 S 1 S 6 S 6 S 14 S 14 S 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 K S 3 2000 1500 1200 1031 900 800 700 600 500 400 Summary of 734 S-genotypes of sweet cherry In: Schuster, M., Incompatible (S-) genotypes of sweet cherry cultivars (Prunus avium L.). Scientia Horticulturae (2012 in press)
Antje Zakostelecky Christine Grafe Henryk Flachowsky Thank you for your attention
Breeding goals Fruit quality Fruit set Ripening time (early + late) Resistance to biotic and abiotic stress Self-fertility / Fertility Fruit cracking
Breeding material Sweet cherry: 3257 seedlings 173 breeding clones (1 st selektion) 11 breeding clones (2 nd selektion) Sour cherry: 3522 seedlings 54 breeding clones (1 st selektion) 3 breeding clones (2 nd selektion)
Fruit size Sweet cherry Cell number Cell size mean of 2x 3 countings Mesocarp size / cell number
Fruit size / cracking Cell number Cell number Krupnoplodnaja - high cell number (Mesocarp) Kordia Hudson - small cell number (Mesocarp) Regina Regina Hudson Kordia Krupnoplodnaja 28,9 mm 29,1 mm 29,2 mm 27,5 mm
Fruit size /cracking Cell size Cell size Krupnoplodnaja - small cell size (Mesocarp) Kordia Hudson - large cell size (Mesocarp) Regina Regina Hudson Kordia Krupnoplodnaja 28,9 mm 29,1 mm 29,2 mm 27,5 mm