Name: Date: Per. Chapter 1 Study Guide New World Beginnings: 33,000 B.C-A.D. 1769 You need to know the historical significance of the following key terms. I suggest you make flashcards. 1. Marco Polo 2. Francisco Pizarro 3. Juan Ponce de León 4. Hernando de Soto 5. Montezuma 6. Christopher Columbus 7. Hernán Cortés 8. Francisco Coronado 9. Robert de La Salle 10. Jacques Cartier 11. Giovanni da Verrazano 12. John Cabot 13. Vasco Nunez Balboa 14. Ferdinand of Aragon 15. Isabella of Castile 16. Quetzalcoatl 17. Bartholomeu Dias 18. Hiawatha 19. Bartolome de Las Casas 20. Ferdinand Magellan 21. Vasco da Gama 22. Renaissance 23. mestizos 24. Treaty of Tordesillas 25. three sister farming 26. Great Ice Age 27. Canadian Shield 28. Mound Builders 29. Spanish Armada 30. black legend 31. conquistadores 32. Aztecs 33. Popé's Rebellion 34. Pueblo Indians 35. Iroquois Confederacy 36. cartography 37. Native Americans 38. Vineland 39. St. Augustine, Florida 40. kiva 41. Spice Islands 42. Moors 43. ecosystem 44. encomienda 45. malinchista 46. Dia de la Raza Page 1
Use the following to answer questions 47-56: Locate the following places by reference number on the map: 47. North America 50. West Indies 53. Spain 48. Asia 51. Africa 54. South America 49. India 52. England 55. China 56. Portugal Provide a short answer for each of the following questions. 57. How do fish help prove the existence of a single original continent? 58. Name the mountain range that was probably created before the continental separation approximately 350 million years ago. 59. What are some of the land features created in North America ten thousand years ago when the glaciers retreated? Page 1
60. Why do scientists attribute the Great Ice Age for the origins of North America's human history? 61. Most likely, the first Americans were people that came from where? 62. In 1492, when Europeans arrived in the Americas, the total of the two continents' populations was estimated to be how much? 63. What are some of the accomplishments of more advanced Native American cultures? 64. What accounts for the size and sophistication of Native American civilizations in Mexico and South America? 65. Describe the advanced developments of the Inca, Mayan, and Aztec civilizations. 66. What was the crop that became the staple of life in Mexico and South America? 67. In what area of the Americas was the Native American (Indian) civilization least highly developed? 68. What is one of the main factors that enabled Europeans to conquer native North Americans with relative ease? 69. At the time of the European colonization of North America, what is the estimated number of Indian tribes that were already here? 70. How does the development of three sister farming on the southeast Atlantic seaboard affect Native American populations? 71. Before the arrival of Columbus, what did native peoples settlements look like in North America? 72. Why was the Iroquois Confederacy able to sustain some power over its Native American and European neighbors? Page 2
73. All of the following were original territories of North American Indian populations within the current borders of the United States except (circle one) Mesoamerica Northeast Southeast Great Plains Great Basin 74. Men in the more settled agricultural groups in North America performed what kinds of tasks? 75. Why didn t the early voyages of the Scandinavian seafarers result in permanent settlement in North America? 76. Why were the Christian crusaders were indirectly responsible for the discovery of America? 77. Why did Europeans want to discover a new, shorter route to eastern Asia? 78. Before the middle of the fifteenth century, why had Sub-Saharan Africa remained remote and mysterious to Europeans? 79. Which group was responsible for slave trading in Africa long before the Europeans had arrived? 80. In the last half of the fifteenth century some forty thousand Africans were forced into slavery by Portugal and Spain to do what kind of work? 81. The origins of the modern plantation system can is a result of which nation s slave trade system? 82. What event results in Spain being united into a single nation-state? 83. According to the textbook, the stage was set for a cataclysmic shift in the course of history when Europeans clamored for more and cheaper products from. was established as a source of slave labor. The demonstrated the feasibility of long range ocean navigation. The period nurtured a spirit of optimism and adventure. 84. In an effort to reach the Indies, why did Spain looked westward? 85. After his first voyage, Christopher Columbus believed that he had sailed to what region? Page 3
86. Why did Columbus call the native people in the New World Indians? 87. What are some of the factors that contributed to the emergence of a new interdependent global economic system? 88. What are some of the New World plants that revolutionized the international economy? 89. What was a major result of the introduction of American plants around the world? 90. Physical European contact with Native Americans led to what tragic results? 91. Within a century after Columbus's landfall in the New World, by how much was the Native American population reduced by? 92. What major viruses did European explorers introduce into the New World? 93. The flood of precious metal from the New World to Europe resulted in the growth of C. 94. Describe the institution of the encomienda. 95. Why were Spanish men willing to become conquistadores? 96. Why did the Aztec chief Moctezuma allow Cortés to enter the capital of Tenochtitlán? 97. List the areas each explorer explored. Coronado Ponce de León Cortés Pizarro Columbus 98. Why did Spain begin to fortify and settle its North American border lands? 99. As a result of Pope's Rebellion in 1680, what do the Pueblo Indians destroy in New Mexcio? 100. The treatment of the Native Americans by the Spanish conquistadores can be described as Page 4
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