Specifications ME 2110 Creative ecisions and esign Thomas R. Kurfess, Ph.., P.E. HUSCO/Ramirez istinguished Chair in Fluid Power and Motion Control Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia USA
Specification List = emand W = Wish Specification Issued: for: Page 1 Changes /W Requirements Resp. Source Replaces issue of 2 / 17
Questions to Ask When Performing a esign Where can I sell my product? What products do my customers need? How can I improve my product? What customer needs are not being met? When will my product become obsolete or inappropriate? How are changes in technology affecting the marketplace? 3 / 17
Checklist for eveloping a Specification List (1) Geometry Size, height, breadth, length, diameter, space requirement, number, arrangement, connection extension Kinematics Type of motion, direction of motion, velocity, acceleration Forces irection of force, magnitude of force, frequency, weight, load, deformation, stiffness, elasticity, stability, resonance Energy Output, efficiency, loss, friction, ventilation, state, pressure, temperature, heating, cooling, supply, storage, capacity, conversion 4 / 17
Spec List Checklist (2) Material Physical and chemical properties of the initial and final product, auxiliary material, prescribed materials (food regulations, etc.) Signals Inputs and outputs, form, display, control equipment Safety irect safety principles, protective systems, operational, operator and environmental safety Ergonomics Person-machine relationship, type of operation, cleanliness of layout, lighting, aesthetics Production Factory limitations, maximum possible dimensions, preferred production methods, means of production, achievable quality and tolerance 5 / 17
Spec List Checklist (3) Quality control Possibilities of testing and measuring, application of special regulations and standards Assembly Special regulations, installation, siting, foundations Transport Limitations due to lifting gear, clearance, means of transport (height and weight), nature and conditions of dispatch Operation Quietness, wear, special uses, marketing area, destination (for example, sulphurous atmosphere, tropical conditions) 6 / 17
Spec List Checklist (4) Maintenance Servicing intervals (if any), inspection, exchange and repair, painting, cleaning Recycling Reuse, reprocessing, waste disposal, storage Costs Maximum permissible manufacturing costs, cost of tooling, investment and depreciation Schedules End date of development, project planning and control, delivery date 7 / 17
Example: A Pencil Task: esign A Pencil Functions: Make An Erasable Mark Erase An Erasable Mark Constraints Can Be Made Into A Point Holds Point Comfortable To Use Cheap ($0.10) 8 / 17
Specifications (1) Specification Issued: For: A Pencil Page 1 Changes /W Requirements Resp. Source Make And Erase Marks On Paper. esign Class W Geometry Fits In Human Hand Fits In Pocket Kinematics Quick Forces: Operates With Force From A Human Material: Forms Erasable Mark Removes Erasable Mark Sharpenable Holds A Point Not Poisonous Replaces Issue Of Instructor Standard Product FA 9 / 17
Specifications (2) Issued: 1 (Cont d) Page 2 Changes /W Requirements Resp. Source W Signals: Operation Force Changes When Sharpening Needed Operation Force Changes When Eraser Needs Fixing Safety: Not Poisonous Quiet Will Not Break into Hazardous Pieces No Sharp Edges Ergonomics: Lightweight Comfortable Fits In Adult Human Hand Activation Force Is Within Human Limits. Production: Few Parts Easy esign Class Instructor OSHA Instructor Boothroyd & ewhurst Guide To Mfg. 10 / 17
Specifications (3) Issued: 1 (Cont d) Page 3 Changes /W Requirements Resp. Source Quality Control: Visual Inspection Only Assembly: None By Customer Transport: No Special Requirements, Packaging, Permits, Etc. Operation: Quiet Easy Good Wear Characteristics Operates In Any Environment In Which Paper Can Be Used Operates On Any Paper Maintenance: Easily Sharpened (Re-Pointed) Costs: Cheap ($0.10 Selling Price) Schedule: By The End Of Class Mfg Engineer Std. Product Mfg Engineer Instructor K-Mart Price Instructor 11 / 17
Coffee Example Entries in Houses of Quality From QF eployment are Sources Of Specifications House Of House Of House Of House Of House Of Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4 What How / What (#2) How / What (#3) How / What (#4) How Cust. Req. Characteristic Feature Process Production Hot Serving Temp. Water Temp. Water Speed Thermometer Smells Good Smell Jury Bean s Origin Heater Output Flow Control Tastes Good Taste Jury Water Quality Brew Time Timer Cheap Price Weight/Serving Brew Temp. Cleaning Plan Good Color Color Std. Fineness Of Ground. Grind Setting Non-Poisonous Analysis Age Of Coffee Water Source No Grounds Filter/Weigh (Raw, Brewed) Filter Quality Time To Serving Reinitialize (Renew Filter, Grounds) isposal Plan (Raw, Brewed) 12 / 17
Coffee Specifications #1 Specification Issued: For: CUP OF COFFEE Page 1 Changes /W Requirements Resp. Source Cup Of Coffee Energy Hot Material Good Color Non-Poisonous No Grounds Safety Non-Poisonous Signals Good Color Smells Good Tastes Good Costs Cheap Quality Control Good Color Smells Good Tastes Good 1st HoQ WHATs from class Replaces Issue Of 13 / 17
Next Level Of etail In Specs... House Of House Of House Of House Of House Of Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4 What How / What (#2) How / What (#3) How / What (#4) How Cust. Req. Characteristic Feature Process Production Hot Serving Temp. Water Temp. Water Speed Thermometer Smells Good Smell Jury Bean s Origin Heater Output Flow Control Tastes Good Taste Jury Water Quality Brew Time Timer Cheap Price Weight/Serving Brew Temp. Cleaning Plan Good Color Color Std. Fineness Of Ground. Grind Setting Non-Poisonous Analysis Age Of Coffee Water Source No Grounds Filter/Weigh (Raw, Brewed) Filter Quality Time To Serving Reinitialize (Renew Filter, Grounds) isposal Plan (Raw, Brewed) 14 / 17
Coffee Specifications #2: Hows? Specification Issued: for: Cup Of Coffee Page 1 Changes /W Requirements Resp. Source Cup Of Coffee 10/3/95 10/3/95 10/3/95 10/3/95 10/3/95 Energy: Serving Temperature Material: Color Std Non-Poisonous Brewed Coffee Should Yield Minimum Coffee Grounds When Filtered Safety: Non-Poisonous Signals: Color Std Smells Jury Taste Jury Costs: Minimize Price Quality Control: Color Std Smells Jury Taste Jury Replaces issue of 1st HoQ from class NIST ST FA 1st HoQ from class FA NIST ST 1st HoQ from class 1st HoQ from class NIST ST 1st HoQ from class 15 / 17
Coffee Specifications #3: How Muches? Specification Issued: For: CUP OF COFFEE Page 1 Changes /W Requirements Resp. Source Cup Of Coffee 10/4/95 10/4/95 10/4/95 10/4/95 10/4/95 Energy: Serving Temperature, 140 F Material: Color Std, NIST #? Non-Poisonous, < X 1, X 2,...mg/l Brewed Coffee Should Yield < Y mg/l Coffee Grounds When Filtered Safety: Non-Poisonous, < X 1, X 2,...mg/l Signals: Color Std, NIST #? Smells Jury, 95% Consensus Taste Jury, 95% Consensus Costs: Minimize Price Quality Control: Color Std, NIST #? Smells Jury, 95% Consensus Taste Jury, 95% Consensus Replaces Issue Of 1st Hoq From Class NIST ST FA 1st HOQ From Class FA NIST ST 1st HOQ From Class 1st HOQ From Class NIST ST 1st HOQ From Class 16 / 17
Continue with Next Level of etail in Specs House Of House Of House Of House Of House Of Quality #1 Quality #1 Quality #2 Quality #3 Quality #4 What How / What (#2) How / What (#3) How / What (#4) How Cust. Req. Characteristic Feature Process Production Hot Serving Temp. Water Temp. Water Speed Thermometer Smells Good Smell Jury Bean s Origin Heater Output Flow Control Tastes Good Taste Jury Water Quality Brew Time Timer Cheap Price Weight/Serving Brew Temp. Cleaning Plan Good Color Color Std. Fineness Of Ground. Grind Setting Non-Poisonous Analysis Age Of Coffee Water Source No Grounds Filter/Weigh (Raw, Brewed) Filter Quality TIME TO SERVING REINITIALIZE (RENEW FILTER, GROUNS) isposal Plan (Raw, Brewed) 17 / 17