GIAHS Proposal Jiaxian Traditional Chinese Date Gardens People s Government of Jia County April, 2014
Content Structural Characteristic Historic Relevance Function and Value Threats and Challenges Protection and Development
General Information Old Gardens 20 Household 11,412 Population 44,361 Income 80% Area 51.2 Km 2 Accessibility 97km from Airport Livelihoods production Topographic loess plateau Climate semi-arid
Loess Plateau
Jia County
Traditional Chinese Date Garden
1.Structural Characteristic Interplanting of with Grain Crops Reducing wind speed Regulating air temperature and humidity Decreasing field evaporation Holding soil and water
Courtyard Cultivation Interplant jujube trees with other species, like apricot trees or apple trees, and raising poultry in the courtyard, develop a harmony model which constitute of people jujube other trees and poultry Increase the diversity of courtyard landscape, biodiversity and income sources Effectively solve the problem of soil fertility diseases and insect pests.
Genetic diversity Domestication process Wild (4 kinds) Sour (Zizyphus spinosus Hu) Half- cultivated (10 kinds) (Zizyphus jujube Mill) Cultivated (2 kinds) Mu (8 Varieties) Tuan (7 Varieties) Ya (5 Varieties) Zanhuang Huping Short Shoot (4 Varieties) Jun Li Fenghe Bai Cui Yuanling Yiheng (3 Varieties)
Agro-biodiversity Endemic Species Varieties Common Name Variety? Xiaoxianggu Millet Xiangu Millet No Linqiubian Millet Fangu Millet Yes Grain Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica Beauv) Green Bean (Vigna radiata) Soy Bean (Glycine max) Kagu Millet Fangu Millet Yes Zhangzagu No.5 Millet Fangu Millet No Jingu 21 Millet Fangu Millet No Longzhuagu Millet (Eleusie coracana L.) Sagu Millet Yes Qingxiaodou Green Daming Green Bean Bean Yes Small Green Bean Green Bean Yes Lianjiatiao Bean Black Bean Yes Jiyaobai Bean White Black Bean Yes Laoheidou Bean Yellow Bean Yes Economic Plants Potato Zihuabai Potato Potato No Longshu No.3 Potato Potato No (Solanum tuberosum) Dongbeibai Potato Potato No Xinge No.6 Potato Potato No Tomato (Ycopersici Susceptibili) Tomato No Pepper(Capsicum annuum) Lazi Pepper No Pepper(Zanthoxylum bungeanum) Huajiao Pepper Yes Grape(Vitis) Grape No Fruit Pear(Pyrus sorotina) Pear Yes Apple(Malus pumila Mill) Apple Yes Apricot(Siberian Apricot) Apricot Yes Poultry Chicken Chicken Yes
2. Long Cultivation History 7000 years ago 3000 years ago 2500 years ago 1500 years ago Archaeology:pick eat Literature: cultivation Important fruit Chinese medicine Traditional cultivation technical system The place with the longest history of jujube cultivation Archaeology ancient literature records existing jujube genetic science Sour (1600 years) (1400 years)
An inevitable choice in hostile environment A passive choice under the adverse soil condition An active choice under the adaptable climate condition The ruling class s attention and advocacy items Suitable range Numerical of Jiaxian Annual mean temperature( ) Flowering mean temperature( ) Minimum temperature ( ) 5.5~22 10.2 22~24 27.5-38.2-24.4 Frost-free season(d) 100 172~199 Annual precipitation(mm) Annual sunlight ratio(h) 87~2000 386.6 1100 2710.7
3.Function and Value Livelihood security Proverbs like : the life-saving plant, hard-core crop, gold globules, silver globules, they are no competition to our red globules and so on The income from the jujube cultivation accounts for 80% of the average net income per capita of local farmers.
Nutritional and medicinal values Item Nutritional Values (fresh fruit) Medicinal Values Nutritional and Medicinal Values fat ( g/100g ) 0.3, protein ( g/100g ) 1.1, dietary fiber ( g/100g ) 1.9, Carbohydrates (g/100g)28.6,carotene(mg/100g)0.01,depending flavonoids equivalent(μg/100g)0.24, Sulfur Ansul(mg/100g)0.06,Riboflavin(mg/100g)0.09,Ascorbic acid(mg/100g)0.243, Vitamin E ( mg/100g ) 0.001, Calcium ( mg/100g ) 14, Phosphorus ( mg/100g ) 23, Iron (mg/100g)0.5,vc(mg/100g)380~800 Rich in organic acids and triterpene compounds, thus can inhibit bacterium, protect the liver, reduce lipid, raise leukocyte level, and enhance immunity. Contains camp that prevents cancer cell division, and thus has anticancer effects. Rich in vitamin content, which is good for blood capillary. Flavonoids have sedation, hypnosis, depressurization, diuretic and cancer prevention effects.
Cultural values The locals have developed the catering culture of jujube to the extreme. The locals have placed their hope on jujube, and connect it with festivities. Art Spring Festival Paintings and paper-cutting. The object in many poems and songs
Crucial eco-functions The ecosystem service value of jujube trees in Jia County(unit:million yuan/year) Ecosystem function value Direct products Conservation of water and soil Soil conservation Keep nutrients Water conservat ion Carbon fixation and oxygen release Carbon fixation Release oxygen wind prevention and sand fixation wind prevention sand fixation 93.94 357.74 43.79 13.14 2.55 83.23 1125 451.68 2.64 56.93 85.78 Total value 1722.04
Conservation of water and soil The horizontal roots of the jujube spread widely. There is a saying which means that the different villages are connected by the root of jujube.
4.Threats and Challenges 1 Large area of ancient jujube orchards, lack of management 2 Vulnerability to resist and guard against natural disaster 3 Insufficient investment and promotion in science and technology 4 Low economic benefits of organic jujube 5 Impact of chemical agricultural development ideas and technology
5. Protection and Development (1) Protection planning The protection of eco-environment The protection of ancient jujube trees ancient jujube orchards and jujube culture The protection of landscape No Tree DBH Height Crown Main Branch Householder. No. /cm /m /m Number Health Condition 1 001 WU Cunping 200 7 6 4 3 Rotted 2 005 WU Cunping 250 7 7 4.5 3 Healthy 3 006 WU Cunping 260 6.5 5 3 2 Hollow 4 019 WU Zhanyu 250 7.1 6 4 5 Healthy 5 030 WU Linzhi 228 6 5 4 2 Cracked, Rotted 6 042 WU Yaozeng 280 6 3 4 2 Hollow, Rotted 7 045 WU Yuelin 220 9 5 6 2 Hollow, Rotted 8 057 WU Guojin 220 7 3 3 3 Cracked, Rotted, Hollow 9 065 WU Guoxiong 261 10 8 5 4 Cracked, Rotted 10 066 WU Guoxiong 210 11 5 3 2 Cracked, Rotted 11 067 WU Guoxiong 205 9 6 6 3 Cracked, Rotted 12 082 WU Huasheng 210 6 4 4 1 Hollow, Rotted 13 095 WU Zhengxiong 204 10 5 4 1 1/2 Hollow, Rotted 14 097 WU Zhangong 244 9 6 4 2 Cracked, Rotted 15 098 WU Zhangong 242 12 8 6 2 Cracked, Rotted
(2)Development planning The development of ecological products The development of sustainable tourism (3)The planning of capacity building The capacity of cultural consciousness The capacity of decision-making and participation The capacity of operation and management
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