Phosphorus What is Phosphorus? Phosphorus is a mineral that is found in the skeletal bones of the body. It plays important roles in maintaining bone structure, providing energy for the body, and creating genetic information. Why is Phosphorus important? Healthy kidneys are able to secrete excess phosphorus in the urine. Kidney failure or other diseases that affect kidney function cause an increased risk of phosphorus build up in the blood. High phosphorus levels can: Leach calcium from bones causing bone breakdown Increase calcium in the blood leading to calcium deposits of the lung, heart, eye, and kidney High levels can be dangerous and potentially hazardous to one s health What are recommended levels? A normal Phosphorus level is 3.5-5.5 mg/dl of blood. Acceptable dialysis phosphorus levels are 3.0-6.0 mg/dl of blood. Consult with your physician to see what your phosphorus level is. How can I control Phosphorus Levels? Dialysis can help clear some of the phosphorus from the blood. Additionally, phosphate binders are used to further decrease phosphorus levels. This medication absorbs the phosphorus found in your food preventing your body from absorbing it. Consult your physician to see which medication is right for you. Dialysis and medication alone are not adequate to maintain healthy phosphorus levels. Best Control = dialysis + phosphate binders + diet
High Phosphorus Foods >120 mg: Foods Amounts Phos Cornbread 2 oz 226 mg Raisin bran 1 cup 137 mg Instant Oatmeal 1 packet 150 mg Milk 1 % 1 cup 232 mg Cheddar Cheese 1 oz 143 mg Clams ¾ cup 238 mg Turkey 3 oz 158 mg Pinto beans 1 cup 221 mg Lentils 1 cup 356 mg Chocolate bar 1.5 oz 125 mg Medium Phosphorus Foods: 70-120 Mg Foods Amounts Phos Honey Nut Cheerios 1 cup 107 mg Eggo Waffle 1 each 113 mg Feta Cheese 1 oz 94 mg Soy Milk 3/4 cup 95 mg Bacon 3 strips 101 mg Roast Chicken 2 oz 80 mg Almonds, honey 1 oz 112 mg Trail Mix 1 oz 97 mg Angel Food Cake 1 oz 91 mg Peanut Butter 2 Tb 115 mg Low Phosphorus Foods: <70 mg Foods Amounts Phos Chick Noodle Soup 1 cup 30 mg Choc Granola bar 1 oz bar 56 mg Rice cake 1 each 34 mg Broccoli 1 cup 60 mg Green Beans 1 cup 36 mg Apple 1 med 15 mg Banana 1 med 26 mg Cream Cheese 1 Tb 16 mg Sausage 1.5 oz 60 mg Pistachios ½ oz 68 mg Hard Candy 5 pieces 1 mg Orange Sorbet ½ cup 30 mg Non-dairy Creamer ½ cup 50 mg Extras Ideas for decreasing Phosphorus: - Use nondairy creamers - Rice or soy products - Cream cheese - Sorbet/sherbet instead of ice cream - Sour cream instead of yogurt dips
Potassium What is Potassium? Potassium is an electrolyte that is inside the body s cells. The body uses potassium to maintain the heartbeat and skeletal muscle contraction. Why is Potassium important? Healthy kidneys are able to maintain proper blood levels of potassium by excreting excess in the urine. When kidneys fail or start to malfunction, potassium is no longer filtered and secreted correctly resulting in increased blood levels. Maintaining appropriate potassium blood levels is crucial. Too high potassium levels can cause irregular heartbeats or even a heart attack. What are recommended levels? How much potassium you can consume depends on your dialysis therapy and remaining kidney function. Recommended blood levels are as follows 3.5-5.0 meq/l SAFE zone 5.1-6.0 meq/l CAUTION zone >6.0 meq/l DANGER zone How can I control Potassium levels? Dialysis will help clear the blood of potassium, but dietary precautions must be made. Foods high in potassium should be limited or prepared in a certain way to leach potassium. The following are ways fresh produce can be prepared to reduce potassium content. These foods still contain potassium and should be limited. Leaching 1. Peel vegetable or fruit and place in cold water 2. Slice 1/8 in thick 3. Let soak in warm water for a minimum of 2 hours 4. Rinse 5. Cook with five times water than vegetable 6. Throw cooked water out and rinse food again 7. Serve
High Potassium Foods >300 mg Foods Amounts Potassium Baked Acorn squash 1 cup 896 mg Baked Potato 1 small 759 mg Banana 1 med 422 mg Avocado 1 cup 708 mg Chocolate Milk 1% 1 cup 425 mg Yogurt 1 cup 352 mg Lentils, boiled 1 cup 731 mg Lima Beans, boiled 1 cup 969 mg Pinto beans, boiled 1 cup 859 mg Snicker Bars 4 oz bar 368 mg Medium Potassium Foods 150-300 mg Foods Amounts Potassium Frosted Mini Wheats 1 cup 170 mg Granola ½ cup 221 mg Asparagus, frozen 1 cup 211 mg Celery, raw 1 med 104 mg Tomato 1 med 251 mg Grapefruit ½ med 164 mg Mandarin Oranges 1 cup 197 mg Tangerine 1 med 139 mg Apricot 3 each 272 mg Soy milk 1 cup 289 mg Tofu, fortified 3 oz 201 mg Reese s PB cups 2 cups 154 mg Low Potassium Foods <100 mg Foods Amounts Potassium Brown Rice 1 cup 84 mg Macaroni noodles 1 cup 62 mg English Muffin 1 muffin 62 mg Grape Nuts ¾ cup 99 mg Sweet pepper, frozen 3.5 oz 91 mg Lettuce, iceberg 1 cup 78 mg Tomatillo 1 med 91 mg Carrot 1 med 24 mg Apple, dried 3 rings 81 mg Blueberries, frozen 1 cup 84 mg American Cheese 1 slice 50 mg Danish lemon pastry 1 each 59 mg Peanut Brittle 1 oz 47 mg Food group to limit Vegetable* Fruit* Extras Food group to limit Food group to limit Tips on lowing potassium intake: To avoid too much potassium, limit fruits, vegetables, and juices to 4-6 half-cup servings a day. Do not use salt substitutes containing potassium chloride.
Sodium What is Sodium? Sodium is an electrolyte found outside of the body s cells. It functions in maintaining adequate water balance, muscle contraction, and nerve impulses. Why is Sodium important? With renal failure Sodium builds up in the blood and can contribute to swelling, shortness of breath, increased blood pressure, and fluid around the heart of lungs. Also, dialysis patients are strongly encouraged to restrict water intake because their kidneys are not functionally capable to produce urine; thus, decreasing sodium intake helps manage thirst. What are recommended levels? Ask your physician and dietitian what your sodium restrictions are. Learn how to read labels. Labels present sodium levels in mg. Remember that in 2 g of sodium there are 2000 mg. Try to choose foods that have less than 500 mg of sodium per serving. How can I control Sodium levels? Sodium content is high in processed and convenient foods. Cured products and luncheon meats such as deli turkey, ham, pickles, and olives should be eaten sparingly. Salty snacks should be avoided as well. In cooking, hold off on the salt and seasoning. Do not use salt substitutes; they often contain potassium chloride which will increase your potassium levels. How do you spice up your cooking without using salt? Cutting out salt does not mean cutting out flavor. Be creative and adventurous. Try using other spices and herbs to add zest to your kitchen. Try allspice, basil, bay leaf, caraway, curry, dill, ginger, rosemary, thyme, sage, and tarragon to name a few. Check online for recipes using these seasonings.
High Sodium Foods > 250 mg Foods Amounts Sodium Biscuit 1 med 786 mg Macaroni n Cheese 1 cup 790 mg Pretzels, snack size 10 each 814 mg Saurkraut 1 cup 939 mg Spaghetti Sauce 1 cup 552 mg Cottage Cheese 1 cup 918 mg Processed Cheese 1 oz 417 mg Pepperoni 1 oz 426 mg Corn dog 1 each 973 mg Soy Sauce 1 Tbsp 902 mg Medium Sodium Foods 100-250 mg Foods Amounts Sodium Honey Nut Cheerios 1 cup 228 mg Pop Tarts, brown sugar 1 each 212 mg Chow Mein Noodles 1 cup 198 Spinach, Frozen 1 cup 184 mg Yogurt, low fat 1 cup 175 mg Mozzarella Cheese 1 oz 185 mg Breaded Shrimp 6 large 155 mg Canned Tuna 2 oz 213 mg Poached Egg 1 large 149 mg Catsup 1 Tbsp 167 mg Extras Low Sodium Foods <100 mg Foods Amounts Sodium Noodles 1 cup 8 mg Brown rice 1 cup 10 mg Cream of Wheat 1 cup 15 mg Spinach, raw 1 cup 24 mg Strawberries 1 each 0 mg Frozen yogurt ½ cup 71 mg Milk 2% ½ cup 56 mg Chicken 1drumstck 42 mg Beef 3 oz 38 mg Coffee 1 cup 32 mg Jellybeans 10 large 14 mg Table salt is sodium chloride. Replace salt with herbs and spices in cooking. Avoid foods high in sodium such as: Convenience foods Fast foods Curred/processed meats and cheeses
Renal Diet Breakfast Honey Nut Cheerios 1 cup Soy Milk 1 cup Dried Apples ¼ cup Scrambled Eggs 2 each AM Snack Applesauce ½ cup Graham Crackers 2 each Lunch Grilled Chicken Breast 4 oz Fried Rice n celery -Brown rice 1/3 cup -Diced Celery ½ cup -Sesame Oil 2 Tbsp Dinner Roll 1 small Unsalted Butter 1 Tbsp Water ½ cup PM Snack Frozen Blueberries ½ cup Non-dairy whipped topping ½ cup Hard Candy 1 piece Dinner Italian Panini 1 sandwich -White bread 2 slices - Turkey 3 oz - Green Pepper ½ cup - Cream Cheese 2 Tbsp - Basalmic Vinegar 2 Tbsp - Butter 2 Tbsp Garden Salad 1 ½ cup -Ice berg 1 cup -Tofu 2 oz -Shredded Carrots ½ cup -Ranch Dressing 2 Tbsp Pink Lemonade ¾ cup HS Snack Low Sodium Trail Mix 2 oz Water ½ cup
Meal Food Amount Kcal Pro (g) Water(mg) Sod (mg) Phos(mg) Pot (mg) Breakfast Honey Nut Cheerios 3/4 cup 110.0 3.62 159.04 80.08 115.08 Soy Milk 3/4 cup 99.14 6 161.66 93.64 95.47 216.65 Dried Apples 1/4 cup 36.34.14 53.63 12.75 5.74 66.94 Scrambled Eggs 2 each 181.78 12.19 93.21 176.90 201.3 161.04 AM Applesauce 1/2 cup 51.24.21 107.63 2.44 6.1 90.28 Snack Lunch PM Snack Dinner Graham Crackers 2 each 35.5.36 37.5 30 38 Fried Rice Brown Rice 1/3 cup 73.59 1.71 48.46 3.32 55.03 28.51 Chopped Celery ½ cup 8.08.35 48.19 40.40 12.12 131.30 Sesame Oil 2 Tbsp 240 0 0 0 0 0 Butter, unsalted 1 Tbsp 101.81.12 2.55 1.56 3.41 3.41 Dinner Roll 1 each 77.5 2.71 7.11 134.00 30.50 34.75 Chicken Breast 4 oz 170.91 33.21 70 64.8 68.04 202.5 Water ½ cup 0 0 118.38 4.74 0 0 Blueberries, frozen ½ cup 35.5 60.38 0 9 37.5 Whipped topping ½ cup 100 0 21.8 0 8 8 Hard candy 1 piece 23.64 0.08 2.28.18.3 Italian Panini White Bread 2 each 133 3.82 18.22 255.5 49.5 50 Turkey 3 oz 160.74 24.42 53.77 53.58 178.60 244.94 Cream Cheese 2 Tb 99.18 1.72 15.79 93.09 30.74 40.02 Balsamic Vinegar 2 Tb 28.16.16 24.46 7.36 6.08 35.84 Green Pepper ½ cup 14.90.64 69.95 2.23 14.90 130.38 Butter, unsalted 2 Tbsp 203.63.24 5.09 3.12 6.82 6.82 Garden Salad Tofu, firm 2 oz 47.63 5.05 47.52 2.27 47.33 32 Iceberg Lettuce 1 cup 10.08.65 68.86 7.2 14.40 101.52 Carrots ½ cup 26.67.67 49.63 30 18 44 Ranch 2 Tbsp 120 0 36.80 370 91 49 Pink Lemonade ¾ cup 79.72.09 164.78 7.42 3.71 31.52 HS Trail Mix 2 oz 327.88 7.86 1.10 14.65 155.52 206.87 Snack Water ½ cup 0 0 118.38 4.74 0 0 TOTALS 2,596 106 1,468 1,585 1,270 2,185