cwofo! Plk; ;]/fgfsf] ;fdfgo kl/ro (General Introduction to Apis cerana) Plk; ;]/fgfsf] dxtj Plk; ;]/fgf Pl;of dxfb]zdf dfq} kfog] epsf]n] o;nfo{ Pl;ofnL 3f/df}/L klg egg] ul/g5. of] df}/l g]kfnsf] k fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] clegg c sf] kdf /xl cfpsf] 5. of] /}yfg] df}/l (native bee) epsf] x'gfn] h ndf,?vsf 6f]8\sfdf, 9' fsf sf]kdf / 3/df /flvpsf d'9] Pjd\ vf]k] 3f/x df ;lhn} kfpg ;lsg5. cwofo!m Plk; ;]/fgfsf] ;fdfgo kl/ro 1
of] df}/ln] o; If]qsf] s[lif k 0ffnL, ag:klt, h}ljs ; f]t / xfjfkfgl;+u /fd f] ;+t'ng sfod u/]sf] x'g5. :yfglo :t/df ptklq epsf sltko k/lhjl Pj+ zq'x?;+u of] df}/l ;lhn} h'em\g ;S5. ;'n;'n] -e/f]jf tyf 6«f]kLn]n]K;_, cl/+ufn, ar5\of " cflbaf6 of] df}/ln] ;lhn} kf/ kfpg ;S5. t/ a9l dx ptkfbgsf nflu g]kfn leœofopsf] o"/f]k]nl hftsf] Plk; d]lnkm]/f df}/lnfo{ eg] tl ;'n;'n] hljx?n] 7"nf] Iflt k' ofpf5g\. Plk; ;]/fgf df}/lsf] r/g ;do nfdf] x'g5 / o;n] k lts"n df};ddf klg sfd ug{ ;S5. lxpfb ;lspsf] nuq} kl5 km'ng] sltko lj?jfx?df of] df}/ln] Plk; d]lnkm]/fsf] egbf /fd /L k/fu;]rg ug{ ;S5. of] df}/ln] k lts"n df};ddf klg cfkm\gf] cfxf/sf] Joj:yf cfkm} u5{. To;sf/0f o;nfo{ d]lnkm]/fsf] hlt lrgl rf:gl / cf}iflwsf] cfjzostf kb}{g. Plk; ;]/fgfaf6 yf]/} nufgl / sd d]xgt u/]/ klg pnn]vglo nfe lng ;lsg5. of] df}/l Pl;ofsf s]lx efudf dfq} kfog] epsf]n] o;sf] dxnfo{ Ps cg'kd ptkfbgsf?kdf laqml ug{ klg ;lsg5. 2 Plk; ;]/fgfdf /fg' ptkfbgm k lzif0f ; f]t k'l:tsf
Plk; ;]/fgfsf s]lx :jefjx? Plk; ;]/fgfsf s]lx :jefjx? o; k sf/ 5g\ Plk; ;]/fgfn] cwoff/f] 7fpF dg k/fpf5. of] df}/ln] uf]nf agfpfbf Ps egbf a9l ;dfgfgt/ rfsfx? agfpf5g\. Pp6f rfsfb]lv csf]{ rfsf;ddsf] b"/l * dl=dl= x'g5, h;nfo{ df}/l cf]xf]/ bf]xf]/ ug{ rflxg] 7fpF (Bee space) elgg5 -lrq g+=!_. Plk; ;]/fgfnfo{ 6kaf/ tyf rf}s; epsf] 3f/df /fvg / cfkm"n] rfx] cg';f/sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsg5. t/ tl rf}s;x?sf] gfk / cfsf/ 7LSs ldn]sf] x'g' kb{5 -lrq g+= @_. of] df}/lsf] uf]nfdf cf};tdf ^ * j6f 5fp/f epsf rfsf,!%,))) @),))) ;Dd sdl{ df}/l, Pp6f /fg' / @)) #)) hlt efn]x? x'g5g\. Plk; ;]/fgfdf x"n 5'6\g], sdl{n] km'n kfg] { / df}/ln] 3f/} 5f]8]/ hfg] sfo{ a9l x'g5. Plk; ;]/fgfsf] efn] sf]ifsf] 6'Kkfdf ; ;fgf l5b x? x'g5g\. Plk; ;]/fgf ;'n;'n]af6 ;lhn} arg ;S5. sdl{ df}/ln] Psn] csf]{sf] hlpdf epsf ;'n;'n]nfo{ x6fpgdf d2t ub{5g\. /fg'sf] dxtj df}/lsf] uf]nfdf Pp6f dfq} /fg' x'g5 h;sf] d'vo sfd km'n kfg{ ' xf]. /fg'n] rfsfdf epsf ;fgf sf]ifx?df kf/]sf l;+lrt k'mnx?af6 sdl{ df}/l hgdg5g\ eg], cln 7"nf] sf]ifdf kf/]sf cl;+lrt km'naf6 efn] hgdg5g\. l;+lrt km'nx?nfo{ laz]if k sf/sf] sf]ifdf x'sf{o kf]l;nf] cwofo!m Plk; ;]/fgfsf] ;fdfgo kl/ro 3
lrq g+=!m Plk; ;]/fgfn] ;dfgfgt/ rfsf agfpf5 / x/]s rfsfx?sf] alrsf] b"/l a/fa/ x'g5. lrq g+= @M 3f/df 6dSs;+u k m]d ldnfp/ /fvg hfg]g eg] df}/ln] k m]dx?nfo{ af f] jf 7f8f];+u (vertically) hf]8]/ klg rfsfx? agfpf5g\. t;y{ Pp6f 3f/df epsf ;a} k m]dsf] ndafo{, rf}8fo{ / df]6fo{ a/fa/ x'g' kb{5. 4 Plk; ;]/fgfdf /fg' ptkfbgm k lzif0f ; f]t k'l:tsf
cfxf/ lbpdf To;af6 /fg' agb5g\. /fg'n] df}/l uf]nfsf ;Dk"0f{ u'0fx?nfo{ ;fg]{ sfo{ ub{5. /fg'n] kf/]sf km'ndf p;sf cfkm\gf cg'z'q (genes) / p;fu ;dfud ug{ cfpsf efn] df}/lsf cg'z'qx? x'g5g\. tl cg'z'qx? g} j+zfg'ut u'0fsf ;+jfxs dflgg5g\. /fg' ;Dk"0f{ df}/l uf]nfsf] hggl epsf] x'gfn] o;sf] km]/abnaf6 uf]nfdf hftlo ;'wf/ Nofpg ;lsg5. /fg'n] df}/lsf] kl/jf/nfo{ PsqLt ug{df klg d2t k' ofpf5. o;sf] z/l/af6 Ps lsl;dsf] ugw af:gf cfpf5, h;sf sf/0fn] df}/ln] cfçgf] / c? uf]nfsf] df}/lnfo{ lrgb5g\. /fg'sf] ugwn] sdl{ df}/lsf clwsf+z lqmofsnfkx?nfo{ Aojl:yt klg ub{5. df}/l uf]nfdf x'g] k hgg\ df}/lsf] uf]nfdf b'o{ lsl;dsf k hgg\ x'g5g\ -!_ uf]nfdf lgoldt?kdf df}/lsf] hgd x'g', -@_ Pp6f k"0f{ goff uf]nf agg'. cwofo!m Plk; ;]/fgfsf] ;fdfgo kl/ro 5
df}/lsf] uf]nfdf sdl{ df}/lx? lgoldt?kdf lg:sl /xg5g\. xfjfkfgl / r/gsf] cg's"ntf Pj+ df}/l3f/sf] cj:yf cg';f/ /fg'n] Ps lbgdf #)) *)) ;Dd km'n kfb{5. s'g} s'g} 7fpFdf /fg'n] aif}{e/l km'n kf/l /xg5 eg] s'g} 7fpFdf aif{sf] *!) dlxgf dfq km'n kfg]{ ub{5. prr kxf8l e]sdf ctolws hf8f]sf sf/0fn] @ $ dlxgf /fg' km'n gkf/]/} a:5]. 7fpF cg';f/ jif{sf] Ps k6s jf b'o{ k6s uf]nfdf df}/lsf] ;+Vof ptsif{df k'ub5. /fd f] r/g / ;'ljwfo'qm tfkqmd epsf] df};ddf /fg'n] k z:t dfqfdf efn]sf] km'n kfb{5 / sdl{ df}/ln] /fg'sf]ifx? agfpg yfnb5g\. /fg'sf]ifaf6 /fg' lg:s] kl5 %) ^)Ü sdl{ df}/l, s]lx efn] df}/l / k'/fgf] /fg' 3f/ 5f]8]/ efub5g\ / goff uf]nf agfpf5g\. o;/l Pp6f 3f/af6 b'o6f uf]nf df}/l agg k'ub5g\. k fs[lts?kdf uf]nfdf /fg' agg] cj:yfx k fs[lts kdf df}/ln] lgdg tlg cj:yfdf /fg' ptkfbg ub{5g\ M -!_ x"n lgof{;sf a]nf, -@_ /fg' k lt:yfkg ug{sf nflu, -#_ cfsl:ds cj:yfdf. x"n lgof{; x"n 5' Lg' x"n lgof{; eg]sf] Pp6} 3/df a:b} cfpsf bfh'efo{ 5' LP/ cnu cnu 3/df a:g up h:t} xf]. x"n lgof{; df}/lsf] a+z a[l4sf] Ps k fs[lts k lqmof xf]. of] 7fpF cg';f/ km/s km/s ;dodf x'g] ub{5. ;fdfgotof k z:t dfqfdf 6 Plk; ;]/fgfdf /fg' ptkfbgm k lzif0f ; f]t k'l:tsf
r/g epsf] / ;'ljwfhgs -pko'qm_ tfkqmd epsf] df};ddf x"n lgof{; x'g] ub{5. x"n lgof{;sf nflu df}/ln] lgs} klxn]b]lv g} of]hgf agfpsf x'g5g\. x"n lgof{; x'g' egbf!% @) lbg klxn]b]lv g} /fg'n] efn]sf]ifdf km'n kfg{ yfn5] / (!) lbg klxn]b]lv g} sdl{n] /fg'sf]if agfpg yfn5g\ -lrq g+= # / $_. x"n lgof{; x'g' egbf @ # lbg k"j{ /fg'n] km'n kfg{ agb u5]{ / 3f/df k z:t efn] df}/lx? b]lvg5g\. s'g} s'g} 3f/df t /fg'sf]ifaf6 /fg' lg:sg' k"j{ g} x"n 5'6\g] ub{5. x"n lgof{;sf] a]nf %) ^) k ltzt sdl{ df}/lx?, Pp6f /fg' / s]lx efn]sf ;fydf 3f/ 5f]8]/ u} cs}{ 7fpFdf a:b5g\. x"n lgof{; df}/lsf] a+z a[l sf] nflu /fd f] dflgp tfklg df}/lkfnssf nflu Tolt /fd f] dflg+b}g. olb 5'6]sf] x"nnfo{ ;dftg ;s]g jf cfkm";fu yk 3f/ 5}g eg], x"n 5'6fO{af6 df}/lkfnsnfo{ 7"nf] gf]s;fg x'g hfg5. x"n lgof{; x'fbf uf]nf ;fgf] / sdhf]/ x'g5, h;n] ubf{ dx ptkfbgdf g/fd f] c;/ kb{5. t;y{ x"n lgof{;af6 s;/l kmfobf lng] / o;sf] /f]syfd s;/l ug] { egg] ljifodf df}/lkfnsnfo{ hfgsf/l x'g' cfjzos dflgg5. o; af/] yk hfgsf/lsf nflu ;Gbe{ ;"rl @ df pnn]v epsf k':ts k9\g' xf]nf. x"n lgogq0f ug] { lalwm olb cfk"m;+u cltl/qm 3f/ 5}g / uf]nf a9fpg] rfxgf klg 5}g eg] df}/lnfo{ x"n lgof{; ug{ lbg' egbf o;sf] lgogq0f ug' { /fd f] x'g5. x"n lgogq0fsf nflu lgdg pkfox? ckgfpg ;lsg5. cwofo!m Plk; ;]/fgfsf] ;fdfgo kl/ro 7
dx e08f/ s'6 e08f/ efn] sf]if lrq g+= #M x"n 5'6\g] k"j{ tof/lsf nflu df}/ln] efn]sf]ifx? agfpf5g\. efn]sf]ifx? v; f x'g5g\ / logsf] 6'Kkfdf ;fgf] Kjfn h:tf] b]lvg5. sdl{ df}/lsf sf]ifx? s'6 e08f/ /fg' sf]ifx? lrq g+= $M rfsfsf] lk+wdf k z:t /fg'sf]ifx? x'g' g} x"n 5'l g] cu Ld hfgsf/lsf] nif0f xf]. /fg'sf]ifx? ufo{sf] y'g h:t} b]lvg5g\. 8 Plk; ;]/fgfdf /fg' ptkfbgm ; f]t k'l:tsf
x"n lgof{;sf] ;do cfpg' k"j{ 3f/sf] /fd /L lg/lif0f ug] {, df}/l3f/sf] arrf sifdf vfnl 7fpF ep rf}s; /fvl lbg] / dfly dx sif ykl lbg], k'/fgf] rfsf 5g\ eg] x6fo{ lbg], efn]sf]if agfpg z'? u/]sf] ep ;f] rfsfnfo{ x6fo{ lbg], /fg'sf]if agfpsf ep effrl lbg], 3f/df /fd f] e]l06n]zgsf] Joj:yf u/l lbg], dx a9l 5 eg] dx lgsfng]. x"n ;dftg] lalwm x"n lgof{; eo{ efug] df}/l w]/} h;f] st} glhs}sf]?v, 3/sf] 5fgf, kvf{n cflbdf a:g] ub{5g\. olb glhs a:g vf]lh/x]sf 5}gg\ eg] kfgl, v/fgl, w"nf] 5s]{/ klg df}/lnfo{ a;fpg ;lsg5. df}/l a;l ;s]kl5 uf]nf] 8Nnf] agfpf5g\ h;nfo{ ;lhn};+u ;dfpg / 3f/df /fvg ;lsg5 -lrq g+= % *_. df}/lnfo{ uf]nf agfp/ a:g lbg] -lrq g+= %_ df}/lsf] uf]nf jf e'm08sf] dfly aff;sf] 8fnf] /fvg], 8fnf] gepdf To:t} lsl;dsf] c? eff8f jf emf]nf k of]u ug{ ;lsg5. -lrq g+= ^_ df}/lnfo{ xftn] la:tf/} 8fnf]lt/ ws]ng], ;a} df}/l 8fnf]leq uo{;s]kl5 8fnf]nfO{ cfwof/f] sf]7fdf n}hfg], -lrq g+= &_ ;dft]sf] x"nnfo{ /fvg] 3f/ tof/ kfg] { / csf] { s'g} 3f/af6 5fp/f epsf] Pp6f /fd f] rfsfnfo{ To;df lbg], 8fnf]df epsf] df}/lnfo{ em6\sf lbp/ 3f/df vgofpg] / df}/l gp8'g\ eggfsf nflu 3f/nfO{ t'?gt?dfnn] 5f]kL lbg], -lrq g+= *_ df}/l 5fp/f sifdf uo;s]kl5 3f/ agb u/l lbg], a]n'slkv lrgl rf:gl lbg]. cwofo!m Plk; ;]/fgfsf] ;fdfgo kl/ro 9
lrq g+= %M x"n 5'l P/ upsf df}/l 3/sf] glhs} uf]nf agfp/ a:5g\. lrq g+= ^M x"n 5'6]/ upsf] df}/lsf] uf]nfdfly aff;sf] 8fnf] /fv]/ tnaf6 la:tf/} df}/lnfo{ dflylt/ ws]nof] eg] df}/l 8fnf]leq k:g yfn5g\. 10 Plk; ;]/fgfdf /fg' ptkfbgm k lzif0f ; f]t k'l:tsf
lrq g+= &M df}/l 8fnf]leq k;l ;s]kl5 8fnf]nfO{ To; lbgsf] lbpf;f] c+wof/f] sf]7fdf /fvg] / a]n'slkv 3f/df vgofpfbf /fd f] x'g5. lrq g+= *M df}/lnfo{ 8fnf]af6 3f/df vgofpg' egbf klxn] 3f/df 5fp/f epsf] Pp6f rfsf lbg' k5{ / a]n'sl lrgl rf:gl lbg' k5{. To;f] ubf{ df}/l efug] ;+efjgf /xfb}g. cwofo!m Plk; ;]/fgfsf] ;fdfgo kl/ro 11
x"n cfslif{t ug{ 3f/ yfkg]m aemf, afh'/f, h'dnf cflb 7fpFsf df}/l kfnsx?n] x"n cfslif{t ug{sf nflu vfnl 3f/nfO{ RofFv] yfkg] u/]sf x'g5g\. 3fd nfug] v'nnf 7fpFsf s'g} le/d'gl /LQf 3f/x? /fvg] / tl 3f/df dx, d}g tyf df}/lnfo{ cfslif{t ug{ agfopsf] 3f];8{ bng] ul/g5. 3f];8{ eg]sf] $ % j6f k'/fgf rfsf, @ rdrf hlt hf} e'6]sf] ;ft',! rdrf w'lk / P]/Lsf] k"mnnfo{ /fd /L lk;]/ $ rdrf dxdf d'5]/ agfopsf] 8Nnf] xf]. 3f];8{sf] 8Nnf]nfO{ vfnl 3f/sf] leqk L / df}/l leq aflx/ ug]{ 9f]sfdf /fd /L bng] ul/g5. ha df}/lsf] x"n 5'6\g] ;do cfpf5 ta s'g} s'g} uf]nfx? 3f];8{ bn]/ /fv]sf tl 3f/df up/ a:g] u5{g\. RofFv] yfk]sf] 3f/df df}/l cfpsf] yfxf kfpkl5 3f/nfO{ 3/df Nofpg] / cfk"mn] rfx]sf] 7fpFdf /fvg] ul/g5. df}/lsf] 5'6]/ upsf] x"n k fom h;f] Ps} :yfgdf / vf; lsl;dsf] 7fpFdf a:g] u5{. 3/sf] jl/kl/ $ % j6f?v eptfklg x"n 5'6]/ upsf] df}/ln] s'g} lglzrt?vsf] lglzrt xffufnfo{ a9l dg k/fpfb5g\. klxnf] x"n h'g?vdf a:5 k fom h;f] bf]; f] x"n klg To;}?vdf a:5. h'dnfsf s]lx cg'ejl df}/lkfnssf] egfo{ cg';f/ kf]xf]/ ;fn h'g?vdf df}/lsf] x"n a;]sf] lyof], o; jif{ klg Tolx?vdf df}/lsf] x"n a:g] ;+efjgf a9l x'g5. t;y{ To:tf]?vsf] xffufdfly aff;sf] 8fnf] c8\ofpg] / ;f] 8fnf]df clnslt dx / d}g jf 3f];8{ bng] xf] eg], df}/lsf] x"n 5' LP/ ;f] 8fnf]leq k:5 -lrq g+= (_. df}/l uf]nf] agfp/ 8fnf]leq k;l;s]kl5 8fnf]nfO{ Nofpg] / cfk"mn] rfx]sf] 3f/df df}/l vgofpg] ul/g5. 12 Plk; ;]/fgfdf /fg' ptkfbgm k lzif0f ; f]t k'l:tsf
lrq g+= (M x"n 5'6]/ upsf df}/lx?n] s'g} s'g}?vsf] xf+ufnfo{ w]/} dg k/fpf5g\. To:tf] xf+ufdfly clnslt dx / d}g nufpsf] 8fnf] /fv]df df}/ln] ;f] 8fnf]leq g} uf]nf agfpf5g\. /fg' k lt:yfkg a'9f], czst, 3fOt] jf /f]ul /fg'nfo{ df}/l :jo+n] x6fo{ p;sf] 7fpFdf goff /fg' :yfkgf ug'{nfo{ /fg' k lt:yfkg elgg5. rfsfdf 5l/Psf jf clgoldt km'n Pj+ 5fp/f b]lvpdf, sdl{sf] egbf efn]sf 5fp/f a9l epdf tyf /fg'sf] af:gfdf sdl cfpdf sdl{df}/ln] /fg' czst jf sfd gnfug] epsf] 7x/ ub{5g\. To;kl5 pglx?n] rfsfsf lsgf/df /fg'sf]ifx? agfpg yfnb5g\ h;df pxl k'/fgf] /fg'n] km'n kfb{5]. o;/l agfpsf /fg'sf]ifx?sf] ;+Vof x"n lgof{;sf nflu agfpsf sf]if egbf sd x'g5 / b'o6f sf]ifsf] alrsf] b"/l a9l x'g5. /fg'sf]ifaf6 /fg' lg:sl;s]kl5 s]lx lbg;dd goff / k'/fgf] /fg' ;Fu} klg a:g] ub{5g\. t/ ha goff /fg' efn];fu nfu]/ km'n kfg{ yfnb5] ], ta p;n] k'/fgf] /fg'nfo{ df/l lbg5]. /fg' k lt:yfkg slxn] sfflx dfq x'g] cwofo!m Plk; ;]/fgfsf] ;fdfgo kl/ro 13
;fwf/0f 36gf xf]. o;af6 df}/lkfnsnfo{ w]/} 7"nf] gfkmf gf]s;fg Joxf]g'{ kb}{g. /fg'nfo{ sldtdf klg b'o{ jif{df Ps k6s km]g]{ u/]df / 3fOt] Pj+ /f]ul /fg'nfo{ t'?gt} km]g]{ u/]df of] cj:yf cfpfb}g. cfsl:ds /fg'sf]if slxn]sffxl df}/lkfnssf] nfk/jfxl jf cgo s'g} sf/0fn] cfsl:ds?kdf /fg' d/l lbg5. /fg' d/]sf] s/lj @$ 306f kl5 sdl{df}/ln] /fg' gepsf] yfxf kfpf5g\ / goff /fg' agfpgsf nflu cfsl:ds /fg' sf]ifx? agfpg yfnb5g\. cfsl:ds sf]ifx? rfsfsf] lsgf/df xf]og ;txdf agfopsf x'g5g\. logsf] cfsf/ / agfj6 x"n lgof{;sf nflu jf /fg' k lt:yfkgsf nflu agfopsf] sf]ifx?sf] egbf sd;n x'g5. o;/l agfopsf /fg'sf] u'0f:t/ klg sd x'g5. df}/l uf]nfdf /fg' dbf{ df}/lkfnsn] 7"nf] gf]s;fg Aoxf]g'{ kb{5. /fg' d/]sf] lbgb]lv goff /fg' lg:s]sf] lbg;ddsf] cjlw hddf!# lbg hlt x'g5 eg], /fg' lg:s]kl5 efn];fu nfu]/ km'n kfg{ z'? u?gh]n ;Ddsf] cjlw & lbgsf] x'g5. o;sf] cy{ hddf @) lbg uf]nfdf km'n kfg]{ sf]xl klg x' Fb}g. Ps lbgdf /fg'n] cf};tdf %)) km'n kf5] { eg] @) lbgdf p;n]!),))) km'n kfg{ ;S5]. o;nfo{ csf] { efiffdf egg' kbf{ cfsl:ds?kdf /fg' dgf{n] df}/lkfnsnfo{ s/lj!),))) df}/lsf] gf]s;fg k'ug hfg5. df}/l3f/sf] lgoldt / ;fjwfglk"j{s lg/lif0f u/]df cfsl:ds?kdf /fg' dg]{ ;Defjgf lgs} sd /xg5. cfsl:ds?kdf /fg' d/]sf] yfxf kfpg] lalqs} ;Dej ep s'g} csf] { c;n uf]nfaf6 /fg'sf]if lb+bf /fd f] x'g5. olb /fg'sf]if pknaw 5}g eg] ;f] uf]nfnfo{ csf]{ s'g} /fg' epsf] uf]nf;+u ld;fo{ lbg] ug' { kb{5. 14 Plk; ;]/fgfdf /fg' ptkfbgm k lzif0f ; f]t k'l:tsf
{ sdhf]/ uf]nf sfuh alnof] uf]nf lrq g+=!)m uf]nf ld;fpg] sfd a]n'sl lt/ ug' { k5{. uf]nf ld;fpfbf ;a} df}/l r/gaf6 kmsl{;s]kl5 alnof] 3f/sf] 5fp/f sifdfly cvaf/ /fvg] / To;dfly sdhf]/ uf]nf epsf] 5fp/f sif /fvg' k5{. uf]nf ld;fpg] tl/sfm sdhf]/ jf /fg' laxlg uf]nfnfo{ alnof] uf]nf;+u lgdg adf]lhd ld;fpg ;lsg5 -lrq g+=!)_m sdhf]/ uf]nfnfo{ la:tf/} la:tf/} b'o{ b'o{ kml6sf] lx;fan] ;fb} alnof] uf]nftkm{ n}hfg] / b'a} uf]nfnfo{ clnslt lrgl rf:gl vfg lbg], b'a} 3f/ glhs cfo{k'u]kl5 uf]nf ld;fpg' kg]{ 3f/sf] 9sgL tyf leql 9sgL lemsl lbg], cwofo!m Plk; ;]/fgfsf] ;fdfgo kl/ro 15
alnof] 3f/sf] 5fp/f sifnfo{ Pp6f sfuh -klqsf_ n] 5f]kL lbg] / ;f] sfuhdf ; ;fgf Kjfnx? kfg] {, To;kl5 sdhf]/ uf]nfsf] 5fp/f sifnfo{ pqm sfuh /fv]sf] 5fp/f sifdfly /fvl lbg] / 9sgL Pj+ leql 9sgL nufo{ lbg], uf]nf ld;fpfbf a]n'slkv ld;fpg' k5{ lsgeg] /fte/ldf b'a} uf]nfsf] ugw ldl;g5 / dflynnf] 5fp/f sifsf df}/l cfkm} klg tnnf] siflt/ hfg yfn5g\, o;/l Ps b'o{ lbg leq} b'a} 5fp/f sifsf df}/l ldl;o{;s]kl5 dflynnf] 5fp/f sifdf epsf /fd f rfsfnfo{ tnnf] sifdf lbg] / k'/fgf sfd gnfug] rfsfnfo{ / dflynnf] 5fp/f sifnfo{ x6fo{ lbg]. 16 Plk; ;]/fgfdf /fg' ptkfbgm k lzif0f ; f]t k'l:tsf