Lookout Trail, Montreat area, Buncombe Co., N.C. (Including short side trail and the vicinity of the Lookout) Sublist A. Trail below Lookout Rocks

Lookout Trail, Montreat area, Buncombe Co., N.C. (Including short side trail and the vicinity of the Lookout) Elevations: 2940 ft at trailhead, ~3280 ft at Old Trestle Road, 3621 ft at the Lookout. Nomenclature generally follows the USDA, NRCS PLANTS Database, 4 March 2008 (http://plants.usda.gov), which endorses and posts the latest info from J. T. Kartesz's Biota of North America Program (BONAP). [U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Ecological Sciences Division, National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA.] Some recent or alternate interpretations not yet reviewed or adopted by PLANTS are shown in curly brackets: { }. These changes, involving various lumping/splitting decisions or new information on phylogeny, are from recent volumes of Flora of North America, the Catalog of New World Grasses, or Missouri Botanical Garden's evaluation of recent research. Note recommendations for splitting of Lycopodiums, Polygonum, and various other genera based on phylogeny. Alan S. Weakley's March 2010 draft Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States (www.herbarium.unc.edu) is a good source for the current status and identification of nearly all of our plants. Old synonyms used in the Radford, Ahles, and Bell manual [RAB] are sometimes added--in square brackets [ ]--for convenient cross-referencing. Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles, and C. R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Flora of the Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, N.C. 1183 p. Common names adapted from various sources--primarily the PLANTS Database, but with changes when better alternate names are given in Flora of North America or Weakley's manual. In some cases, I substituted the names used by Karl Anderson (2003) in his A Checklist of the Plants of New Jersey, which favors names used in popular field guides. Hybrids indicated by upper-case X in superscript position. E.g.: Quercus X saulii [alba x prinus], Saul's Oak. (C.) Cultivated or intentionally planted species. (E.) Locally escaped from cultivation. CASUAL NOTES ONLY Sublist A. Trail below Lookout Rocks Trees Acer pensylvanicum Striped Maple some Acer rubrum var. rubrum Red Maple common %[A. r.--rab] Aesculus flava Yellow Buckeye some %[A. octandra--rab] Amelanchier laevis Allegheny Serviceberry some %[A. arborea var. l.--rab] Carya alba Mockernut Hickory some %[C. tomentosa--rab] - Some saplings with rather slender twigs, and leaves not as hairy as expected. Perhaps C. ovalis? Carya glabra Pignut Hickory common? - Probably some are C. ovalis (in C. glabra--fna). Some of these "C. glabra" are not typical. Carya spp. Hickory - Need to specially study twigs, hairs on leaves, and fruits of all Carya spp. in this area! Castanea dentata American Chestnut some Cornus florida Flowering Dogwood few Fagus grandifolia American Beech some Fraxinus americana White Ash common Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip-tree common Magnolia fraseri Fraser Magnolia some Nyssa sylvatica Black Gum 3 [Bill] Ostrya virginiana var. virginiana {O. v.} Eastern Hop Hornbeam 1 [Bill] Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood some Pinus rigida Pitch Pine few [Joe] Prunus serotina var. serotina Black Cherry some Quercus prinus {Q. montana} Chestnut Oak some Quercus rubra var. rubra Northern Red Oak common Quercus velutina Black Oak few Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust some Sassafras albidum Sassafras few Tilia americana var. heterophylla White Basswood some

Tsuga canadensis Eastern Hemlock few Shrubs Amorpha glabra Mountain False Indigo few Clethra acuminata Mountain Sweet Pepperbush few [Joe] Cornus alternifolia Alternate-leaved Dogwood 1 seedling Hamamelis virginiana American Witch-hazel some Hydrangea arborescens Wild Hydrangea some Kalmia latifolia Mountain Laurel common Rhododendron calendulaceum Flame Azalea 1 Rhododendron catawbiense Catawba Rhododendron Few, top of top staircase [Joe] Rhododendron maximum Great Laurel common Robinia hispida var. hispida Common Bristly Locust few - Below rocks & clearing at Rainbow Rd. - Leaflets 1.61x longer than wide (as in var. fertilis), but young. Confirm var. when fruits are available? Vines Amphicarpaea bracteata var. bracteata American Hog-peanut common %[Amphicarpa b.--rab] Dioscorea quaternata {D. villosa} Whorled Wild Yam some %[In D. villosa var. v.--rab] Smilax rotundifolia Common Greenbrier few Vitis aestivalis var. aestivalis Summer Grape 2 Herbs Actaea racemosa var. racemosa Black Bugbane some %[Cimicifuga r.--rab] Ageratina altissima var. altissima White Snakeroot few %[Eupatorium rugosum--rab] Anemone quinquefolia var. quinquefolia Wood Anemone 1 patch, across from trailhead [Joe] Aplectrum hyemale Putty-root 1 Aralia nudicaulis Wild Sarsaparilla few Aralia racemosa ssp. racemosa American Spikenard few Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum {A. t.} Jack-in-the-pulpit few %[A. t.--rab] Arnoglossum reniforme Great Indian-plantain 6 %[Cacalia muhlenbergii--rab] Aruncus dioicus var. dioicus Goat's Beard some Astilbe biternata Appalachian False Goat's-beard some Campanula divaricata Southern Harebell few [Joe] Cardamine concatenata Cut-leaved Toothwort some? [Joe] Caulophyllum thalictroides Blue Cohosh few Claytonia caroliniana (var.?) {C. c.} Carolina Spring-beauty some, off-trail ravine [Joe] Clintonia umbellulata White Clintonia some Collinsonia canadensis Horse Balm some Conopholis americana Squaw-root 1 Coreopsis latifolia Broad-leaved Tickseed few patches Desmodium glutinosum {Hylodesmum g.} Cluster-leaved Tick-trefoil common Desmodium nudiflorum {Hylodesmum n.} Naked-flowered Tick-trefoil few [Joe] Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's Breeches 1 Erigeron pulchellus var. pulchellus Robin's-plantain few patches - Patches of Saxifrage-like rosettes of mostly prostrate, light-green leaves. Coarsely toothed at tip. Eupatorium purpureum var. purpureum Purple-node Joe-Pye-weed few {Eutrochium p. var. p.} Eurybia divaricata White Wood Aster common %[Aster divaricatus--rab] Eurybia macrophylla Big-leaved Aster 1 patch %[Aster macrophyllus--rab] Galax urceolata Galax few patches %[G. aphylla--rab] Galearis spectabilis Showy Orchid few %[Orchis s.--rab] Gentiana clausa Meadow Closed Gentian few [Joe]

*Note: possible G. decora, but doubtful. (Very short glandular pubescense on stems on some?) Geranium maculatum Spotted Geranium some Geum canadense var. canadense White Avens 1, seep, campfire trail, Lower Lookout [Joe] Gillenia trifoliata Bowman's Root few %[formerly Porteranthus trifoliatus] Goodyera pubescens Downy Rattlesnake-plantain some Helianthus glaucophyllus White-leaved Sunflower some [Joe] Helianthus microcephalus Small Woodland Sunflower few [Joe] Hepatica nobilis var. acuta {Anemone acutiloba} Sharp-lobed Hepatica few, ravine [Joe] %[H. acutiloba--rab] Heuchera americana var. americana American Alum-root few Houstonia purpurea var. purpurea Venus's Pride some Hydrophyllum canadense Broad-leaved Waterleaf few, off-trail ravine [Joe] Impatiens capensis Jewelweed few, campfire seep [Joe] Iris cristata Dwarf Crested Iris few patches Laportea canadensis Canadian Wood-nettle 1 small patch Ligusticum canadense American Lovage some? Lilium michauxii Carolina Lily 1 [Joe] One possible, basal whorl of leaves only Lilium superbum Turk's-cap Lily few, ravine [Joe] Lysimachia quadrifolia Whorled Loosestrife common Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum False Solomon's Seal some %[Smilacina racemosa--rab] Medeola virginiana Indian Cucumber-root common Melampyrum lineare var. latifolium Cow-wheat few [Joe] Orobanche uniflora One-flowered Cancer-root few, several sites Osmorhiza claytonii Sweet Cicely few Oxalis stricta Common Yellow Wood-sorrel few %[formerly O. europaea] Packera aurea Golden Ragwort few %[Senecio aureus--rab] Panax quinquefolius American Ginseng 1 - Not young hickory as first thought. Podophyllum peltatum (C.?) May-apple some Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum Smooth Solomon's Seal (Large, but 2 flowers per node) some (The small, diploid plant.) {P. b.} Note: Our small, diploid plants are included in Kartesz's var. commutatum. %[P. b.--rab] Polygonatum pubescens Hairy Solomon's Seal few Potentilla simplex Common Cinquefoil some Prenanthes altissima Tall Rattlesnake-root common [ID checked by Joe] Prosartes lanuginosa Yellow Mandarin common %[Disporum lanuginosum--rab] Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolata American Selfheal 1 [Joe] Pycnanthemum montanum Thin-leaved Mountain-mint 1 clump? [Joe] Ranunculus recurvatus var. recurvatus Hooked Crowfoot few? Rudbeckia laciniata var. laciniata Cut-leaf Coneflower 1 [Bill] Sanguinaria canadensis Bloodroot few Sanicula odorata Clustered Black Snakeroot common %[S. gregaria--rab] Solidago curtisii Curtis's Goldenrod some [Joe] Solidago flexicaulis Zigzag Goldenrod few, 1 site Solidago sp. Goldenrod (Leaves like S. juncea) some Stellaria pubera Star Chickweed few Symphyotrichum cordifolium Common Blue Heart-leaved Aster some [Joe] %[Aster cordifolius (incl. S. lowrieanum)--rab] Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (var.?) Calico Aster few [Joe] %[Aster lateriflorus--rab] Symphyotrichum undulatum Wavy-leaved Aster few [Joe] %[Aster undulatus--rab] Symphyotrichum urophyllum White Arrow-leaved Aster few

%[Aster sagittifolius--rab] %[Formerly Aster cordifolius var. sagittifolius] Thalictrum clavatum Mountain Meadow-rue some Thalictrum coriaceum Appalachian Meadow-rue 2 Thalictrum dioicum Early Meadow-rue 1 patch [Joe] Tipularia discolor Crane-fly Orchid some [Joe] Tradescantia subaspera var. montana {T. s. } Zigzag Spiderwort 2 Trillium erectum Red Trillium some Trillium grandiflorum Large-flowered Trillium common Uvularia grandiflora Large-flowered Bellwort some [Joe] Veratrum parviflorum {Melanthium p.} Appalachian Bunch-flower some Viola blanda var. blanda Sweet White Violet common Viola canadensis var. canadensis Canadian White Violet few Viola hastata Halberd-leaved Yellow Violet some Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula Smooth Yellow Violet few %[V. eriocarpa var. leiocarpa--rab] Viola rotundifolia Round-leaved Yellow Violet few [Joe] Viola sororia Common Blue Violet some %[V. palmata var. s.--rab]? Viola triloba var. triloba {In V. palmata} Three-lobed Violet 1 Viola X palmata [brittoniana or pedatifida x Wood Violet 2 affinis or sororia] {V. p. var. p.} %[V. p. var. p.--rab]? Zizia aurea Common Golden-Alexanders common, 1 area [Bill] - Check when in flower. Exclude young Ligusticum canadense? Zizia trifoliata Mountain Golden-Alexanders common - Central flower of umbellet sessile. Basal leaf ternately compound. Grasses Dichanthelium sp. (clandestinum?) Deer-tongue? few %[Panicum sp. (clandestinum?)--rab] Ferns & fern allies Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides {A. a.} Southern Lady Fern few %[A. a.--rab] Botrychium virginianum {Botrypus virginianus} Rattlesnake Fern some Dennstaedtia punctilobula Eastern Hay-scented Fern some Deparia acrostichoides Silvery Spleenwort some %[Athyrium thelypterioides--rab] Dryopteris marginalis Marginal Wood-fern 1 [Bill] Osmunda cinnamomea var. cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern 2 clumps {Osmundastrum cinnamomeum} Osmunda claytoniana Interrupted Fern few Phegopteris hexagonoptera Broad Beech Fern some patches %[formerly Thelypteris phegopteris] Polypodium appalachianum Appalachian Polypody 2, ravine and trail [Joe] %[In P. virginianum--rab] Polystichum acrostichoides var. acrostichoides Christmas Fern common {P. a.} Thelypteris noveboracensis New York Fern common Sublist B. Lookout Rocks CASUAL NOTES ONLY Trees Pinus rigida Pitch Pine few Shrubs Amorpha glabra Mountain False Indigo some Castanea pumila var. pumila Chinquapin some, at and approaching Lookout Clethra acuminata Mountain Sweet Pepperbush few [Joe] Comptonia peregrina Sweet-fern 1 clump Ilex montana Mountain Holly 1 clump %[I. ambigua var. m.--rab]

Herbs Aureolaria laevigata Appalachian False Foxglove few? [Joe] Baptisia tinctoria Yellow Wild Indigo few, 1 site Hypoxis hirsuta Common Star-grass 1 Ionactis linariifolius {I. linariifolia} Stiff-leaved Aster 1 patch [Joe] %[Aster linariifolius--rab] Melampyrum lineare var. latifolium Cow-wheat few [Joe] Solidago curtisii Curtis's Goldenrod few [Joe] Grasses Danthonia spicata Poverty Oatgrass few Ferns & fern allies

East Ridge Trail--from Lookout Rocks to Long Gap Montreat area, Buncombe Co., N.C. 2.5 miles. Elevations: 3621 ft at the Lookout Rocks, 3760 ft at Lookout Mountain, 3887 ft at Bogg's Bunion, 3627 ft at Buck Gap, 3879 ft at Brushy Mountain, 3659 ft at Sourwood Gap, 4019 ft at Rocky Head, 3706 ft at Long Gap Nomenclature generally follows the USDA, NRCS PLANTS Database, 4 March 2008 (http://plants.usda.gov), which endorses and posts the latest info from J. T. Kartesz's Biota of North America Program (BONAP). [U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Ecological Sciences Division, National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA.] Some recent or alternate interpretations not yet reviewed or adopted by PLANTS are shown in curly brackets: { }. These changes, involving various lumping/splitting decisions or new information on phylogeny, are from recent volumes of Flora of North America, the Catalog of New World Grasses, or Missouri Botanical Garden's evaluation of recent research. Note recommendations for splitting of Lycopodiums, Polygonum, and various other genera based on phylogeny. Alan S. Weakley's March 2010 draft Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States (www.herbarium.unc.edu) is a good source for the current status and identification of nearly all of our plants. Old synonyms used in the Radford, Ahles, and Bell manual [RAB] are sometimes added--in square brackets [ ]--for convenient cross-referencing. Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles, and C. R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Flora of the Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, N.C. 1183 p. Common names adapted from various sources--primarily the PLANTS Database, but with changes when better alternate names are given in Flora of North America or Weakley's manual. In some cases, I substituted the names used by Karl Anderson (2003) in his A Checklist of the Plants of New Jersey, which favors names used in popular field guides. Hybrids indicated by upper-case X in superscript position. E.g.: Quercus X saulii [alba x prinus], Saul's Oak. (C.) Cultivated or intentionally planted species. (E.) Locally escaped from cultivation. FEW, MISC. NOTES ONLY Sublist A. Lookout Rocks. Trees Pinus rigida Pitch Pine few Shrubs Amorpha glabra Mountain False Indigo some Castanea pumila var. pumila Chinquapin some Clethra acuminata Mountain Sweet Pepperbush few [Joe] Comptonia peregrina Sweet-fern 1 clump Ilex montana Mountain Holly 1 clump %[I. ambigua var. m.--rab] Herbs Aureolaria laevigata Appalachian False Foxglove few? [Joe] Baptisia tinctoria Yellow Wild Indigo 2 Hypoxis hirsuta Common Star-grass 1 Ionactis linariifolius {I. linariifolia} Stiff-leaved Aster 1 patch [Joe] %[Aster linariifolius--rab] Melampyrum lineare var. latifolium Cow-wheat few [Joe] Solidago curtisii Curtis's Goldenrod few [Joe] Grasses Danthonia spicata Poverty Oatgrass few Ferns & fern allies

Sublist B. East Ridge Trail from Lookout Rocks to Bogg's Bunion to Buck Gap. Including some notes from the Helipad (HP) 3621 ft at the Lookout Rocks, 3760 ft at Lookout Mountain, 3887 ft at Bogg's Bunion, 3627 ft at Buck Gap. Trees Castanea dentata American Chestnut common Pinus strobus Eastern White Pine few [Joe] Quercus alba White Oak common Quercus prinus {Q. montana} Chestnut Oak some Quercus rubra var. rubra Northern Red Oak common Quercus velutina Black Oak few Sassafras albidum Sassafras some [Joe] Shrubs Castanea pumila var. pumila Chinquapin some, approaching and at Lookout Corylus cornuta var. cornuta Beaked Hazel 2, between Lookout Mt. & Lookout Epigaea repens Trailing Arbutus few [Joe] Lespedeza bicolor Bicolor Lespedeza few, shady edge, Bogg's Bunion Menziesia pilosa Minniebush 1 Rhododendron calendulaceum Flame Azalea some Vaccinium pallidum Blue Ridge Lowbush Blueberry some [Joe] %[V. vacillans--rab] Vaccinium stamineum Deerberry some Viburnum acerifolium Maple-leaved Viburnum few Vines Dioscorea quaternata {D. villosa} Whorled Wild Yam common %[In D. villosa var. v.--rab] Herbs Ageratina altissima var. altissima White Snakeroot some [Joe] %[Eupatorium rugosum--rab] (11-13 flowerets) Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior {A. a.} Common Ragweed some (HP) [Joe] Amianthium muscitoxicum Fly-poison 2 clumps %[A. muscaetoxicum--rab] Clintonia umbellulata White Clintonia some patches Coreopsis latifolia Broad-leaved Tickseed few [Joe] Coreopsis major Greater Tickseed few? [Joe] %[C. m. (var. stellata?)--rab] Cypripedium acaule Pink Lady's Slipper few? [Joe] Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus Hollow-stemmed Joe-Pye-weed few [Joe] {Eutrochium fistulosum} %[Eupatorium fistulosum--rab] Eupatorium purpureum var. purpureum Purple-node Joe-Pye-weed few [Joe] {Eutrochium p. var. p.} Eurybia divaricata White Wood Aster some [Joe] %[Aster divaricatus--rab] Eurybia macrophylla Big-leaved Aster few, basal only [Joe] %[Aster macrophyllus--rab] Gentiana clausa Meadow Closed Gentian some [Joe] Gentiana sp. Gentian few? [Joe] Ref: D08052_October_055 _056 _057 Apr. 30, 10 comment by Bill: See M09-035AreaComments_&_Replies.doc, find "D08052_October_055" Geranium maculatum Spotted Geranium some Gillenia trifoliata Bowman's Root common %[formerly Porteranthus trifoliatus] Helianthus glaucophyllus White-leaved Sunflower some [Joe] Helianthus microcephalus Small Woodland Sunflower some [Joe] Hieracium paniculatum Panicled Hawkweed some [Joe] Houstonia purpurea var. purpurea Venus's Pride some

Lobelia inflata Indian-tobacco some (HP) [Joe] Lysimachia quadrifolia Whorled Loosestrife some Oclemena acuminata Whorled Wood Aster some [Joe] %[Aster acuminatus--rab] Pedicularis canadensis ssp. canadensis Canadian Lousewort 1 patch [Joe] Phryma leptostachya American Lopseed few [Joe] Polygonum cespitosum var. longisetum Long-bristled Smartweed common (HP) [Joe] {Persicaria longiseta} Prenanthes altissima Tall Rattlesnake-root some [Joe] Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium Rabbit-tobacco few (HP) [Joe] {P. o.} %[Gnaphalium o.--rab] Pycnanthemum montanum Thin-leaved Mountain-mint some? [Joe] Rubus sp. Blackberry some (HP) [Joe] Rudbeckia sp. Rudbeckia few? [Joe] Rudbeckia hirta var. hirta, Woodland Black-eyed Susan. or Rudbeckia fulgida var. umbrosa, Appalachian Coneflower. Silene stellata Starry Campion 1 [Joe] Solidago curtisii Curtis's Goldenrod some [Joe] Solidago rugosa ssp. r. var. rugosa {S. r. var. r.} Wrinkle-leaved Goldenrod some (HP) [Joe] Symphyotrichum cordifolium Common Blue Heart-leaved Aster common [Joe] %[Aster cordifolius (incl. S. lowrieanum)--rab] Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (var.?) Calico Aster few [Joe] %[Aster lateriflorus--rab] Symphyotrichum patens var. patens Late Purple Aster 1 [Joe] %[Aster p.--rab] ref: D09059_Flowers_October_058 _060 _061 Symphyotrichum retroflexum Rigid White-topped Aster some [Joe] %[A. curtisii--rab] Symphyotrichum undulatum Wavy-leaved Aster few [Joe] %[Aster undulatus--rab] Thalictrum sp. Anemone sp. 1 [Joe] Veratrum parviflorum {Melanthium p.} Appalachian Bunch-flower some Grasses Ferns & fern allies? Thelypteris noveboracensis New York Fern extensive patches - Note-taking error? Meant to write down Dennstaedtia punctilobula, Eastern Hay-scented Fern? Thelypteris noveboracensis New York Fern some [Joe]

Rainbow Road, Montreat, Buncombe Co., N.C. Elevation 2,940 ft. at trailhead, 3,280 ft. at Lookout Trail Nomenclature generally follows the USDA, NRCS PLANTS Database, 4 March 2008 (http://plants.usda.gov), which endorses and posts the latest info from J. T. Kartesz's Biota of North America Program (BONAP). [U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Ecological Sciences Division, National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA.] Some recent or alternate interpretations not yet reviewed or adopted by PLANTS are shown in curly brackets: { }. These changes, involving various lumping/splitting decisions or new information on phylogeny, are from recent volumes of Flora of North America, the Catalog of New World Grasses, or Missouri Botanical Garden's evaluation of recent research. Note recommendations for splitting of Lycopodiums, Polygonum, and various other genera based on phylogeny. Alan S. Weakley's March 2010 draft Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States (www.herbarium.unc.edu) is a good source for the current status and identification of nearly all of our plants. Old synonyms used in the Radford, Ahles, and Bell manual [RAB] are sometimes added--in square brackets [ ]--for convenient cross-referencing. Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles, and C. R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Flora of the Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, N.C. 1183 p. Common names adapted from various sources--primarily the PLANTS Database, but with changes when better alternate names are given in Flora of North America or Weakley's manual. In some cases, I substituted the names used by Karl Anderson (2003) in his A Checklist of the Plants of New Jersey, which favors names used in popular field guides. Hybrids indicated by upper-case X in superscript position. E.g.: Quercus X saulii [alba x prinus], Saul's Oak. (C.) Cultivated or intentionally planted species. (E.) Locally escaped from cultivation. Trees Acer pensylvanicum Striped Maple some Acer rubrum var. rubrum Red Maple some %[A. r.--rab] Acer saccharum var. saccharum (C.) Sugar Maple 1 sapling Amelanchier laevis Allegheny Serviceberry some %[A. arborea var. l.--rab]? Betula lenta Black Birch some saplings - Did not stop to study carefully. No large trees with typical bark noted. Carya alba Mockernut Hickory common %[C. tomentosa--rab] Carya glabra Pignut Hickory few Castanea dentata American Chestnut some Fraxinus americana White Ash some Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip-tree some Magnolia fraseri Fraser Magnolia some Nyssa sylvatica Black Gum some Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood some Pinus strobus Eastern White Pine 1 Prunus serotina var. serotina Black Cherry 2 Quercus coccinea var. coccinea {Q. c.} Scarlet Oak 10 Quercus prinus {Q. montana} Chestnut Oak some Quercus rubra var. rubra Northern Red Oak common Quercus velutina Black Oak few Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust few Sassafras albidum Sassafras 2 Tilia americana var. heterophylla Whie Basswood 1 Tsuga canadensis Eastern Hemlock few Shrubs Amorpha glabra Mountain False Indigo some Epigaea repens Trailing Arbutus some Hamamelis virginiana American Witch-hazel some Hydrangea arborescens Wild Hydrangea common

Hypericum hypericoides ssp. multicaule St. Andrew's Cross 1 clump %[H. stragulum--rab] Ilex montana Mountain Holly few %[I. ambigua var. m.--rab] Kalmia latifolia Mountain Laurel common Pyrularia pubera Buffalo Nut some Rhododendron catawbiense Catawba Rhododendron 1 Rhododendron maximum Great Laurel common Robinia hispida var. hispida Common Bristly Locust few, clearing at Lookout Trail - Leaflets 1.61x longer than wide (as in var. fertilis), but young. Confirm var. when fruits are avalilable? Rubus sp. Blackberry few Salix sp. (humilis var. humilis?) Upland Willow? 1 Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush Blueberry some Vaccinium pallidum Blue Ridge Lowbush Blueberry some %[V. vacillans--rab] Vaccinium stamineum Deerberry common Vinca minor (E.) Common Periwinkle 1 large patch Xanthorhiza simplicissima Yellow-root few -Unknown shrub 1 - Petiole, midrib on underside of leaf, and margins conspicuously pilose with tan, somewhat appressed hairs. Vines Amphicarpaea bracteata var. bracteata American Hog-peanut some %[Amphicarpa b.--rab] Aristolochia macrophylla Dutchman's-pipe some Clematis virginiana Virgin's-bower 1 Dioscorea quaternata {D. villosa} Whorled Wild Yam some %[In D. villosa var. v.--rab] Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia Creeper few Smilax rotundifolia Common Greenbrier some Toxicodendron radicans ssp. radicans Eastern Poison Ivy few [Joe] %[Rhus r.--rab] Vitis aestivalis var. aestivalis Summer Grape 2 Herbs Ageratina altissima var. altissima White Snakeroot some [Joe] %[Eupatorium rugosum--rab] Arabis laevigata var. laevigata {Boechera l.} Smooth Rockcress 2 Aruncus dioicus var. dioicus Goat's Beard common Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum {A. t.} Jack-in-the-pulpit few [Joe] %[A. t.--rab] Astilbe biternata Appalachian False Goat's-beard 2 Aureolaria laevigata Appalachian False Foxglove few [Joe] Baptisia tinctoria Yellow Wild Indigo few [Joe] Campanula divaricata Southern Harebell some [Joe] Chelone lyonii Pink Turtlehead 2 [Joe] Chimaphila maculata Striped Wintergreen 1 Collinsonia canadensis Horse Balm few Conopholis americana Squaw-root 1 clump Coreopsis latifolia Broad-leaved Tickseed some [Joe] Coreopsis major Greater Tickseed 2, one site %[C. m. (var. stellata?)--rab] Cypripedium acaule Pink Lady's Slipper 2 [Joe] Erechtites hieraciifolia var. hieraciifolia American Burnweed 2 [Joe] {E. hieraciifolius var. h.} %[E. hieracifolia--rab] Erigeron pulchellus var. pulchellus Robin's-plantain 1 small patch Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus Hollow-stemmed Joe-Pye-weed 2 {Eutrochium fistulosum} %[Eupatorium fistulosum--rab] - Leaves in whorls of 5, long decurrent petioles, stem seemed to be hollow. Stems green, but young plants. Eupatorium purpureum var. purpureum Purple-node Joe-Pye-weed few {Eutrochium p. var. p.}

- Leaves in whorls of 3, stem green, purple at nodes. Eurybia divaricata White Wood Aster common %[Aster divaricatus--rab] Eurybia macrophylla Big-leaved Aster few %[Aster macrophyllus--rab] Galax urceolata Galax few patches %[G. aphylla--rab] Gentiana clausa Meadow Closed Gentian 1 [Joe] *Note: possible G. decora, but doubtful (very short glandular pubescense?) Goodyera pubescens Downy Rattlesnake-plantain some patches Hepatica nobilis var. acuta {Anemone acutiloba} Sharp-lobed Hepatica 2 %[H. acutiloba--rab] Hieracium paniculatum Panicled Hawkweed some [Joe] Hieracium venosum Rattlesnake-weed few Houstonia purpurea var. purpurea Venus's Pride some Hypoxis hirsuta Common Star-grass few Iris cristata Dwarf Crested Iris few patches Laportea canadensis Canadian Wood-nettle some [Joe] Ligusticum canadense American Lovage few [Joe] Lilium michauxii Carolina Lily 2 Lobelia inflata Indian-tobacco few [Joe] Lycopus virginicus Virginia Water Horehound 1 long patch, wet spot on trail Original comment by Bill: - Check when in flower. Looks OK for this species, but not the usual maroon colored leaves. Response by Joe: - Looks okay, but did not follow key too well. Leaves NOT maroon. - Ref: D09048_Flowers_Aug28_067 (to 070?) May 9, 10 comment by Bill: OK virginicus. - Nutlets already standing way above the calyx lobes. Leaf base concavely curved to a long, winged petiole. Lysimachia quadrifolia Whorled Loosestrife some Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum False Solomon's Seal few %[Smilacina racemosa--rab] Medeola virginiana Indian Cucumber-root some Oclemena acuminata Whorled Wood Aster few %[Aster acuminatus--rab] Oxalis stricta Common Yellow Wood-sorrel few %[formerly O. europaea] Phytolacca americana var. americana American Pokeweed 2 Pilea pumila var. pumila {P. p.} Canadian Clearweed 1 patch, seep [Joe] Ref: D10064_August_048; _049 ;_050; _051 Plantago major Common Plantain 1 Plantago rugelii var. rugelii Blackseed Plantain few, 1 site Platanthera clavellata Small Green Wood Orchid 3 [Joe] %[Habenaria c.--rab] Ref: D10064_August_054;_055;_056 Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum Smooth Solomon's Seal 1 (The small, diploid plant.) {P. b.} %[P. b.--rab] Note: Our small, diploid plants are included in Kartesz's var. commutatum. Polygonatum pubescens Hairy Solomon's Seal some Polygonum lapathifolium {Persicaria lapathifolia} Nodding Smartweed few [Joe] Ref: D10064_August_052;_053 Potentilla simplex Common Cinquefoil some Prenanthes altissima Tall Rattlesnake-root common [Joe] Prosartes lanuginosa Yellow Mandarin some %[Disporum lanuginosum--rab] Pycnanthemum montanum Thin-leaved Mountain-mint few [Joe] Ranunculus abortivus Kidney-leaf Buttercup 1 Ranunculus recurvatus var. recurvatus Hooked Crowfoot 3 Salvia lyrata Lyre-leaved Sage few, 1 site Sanguinaria canadensis Bloodroot few, 1 site

Sanicula sp. Snakeroot (check when in flower) 1 - Sanicula odorata, Clustered Black Snakeroot, common on local trails. Saxifraga micranthidifolia {Micranthes m.} Lettuce-leaf Saxifrage 1 rosette Sedum ternatum Woodland Stonecrop few Solidago curtisii Curtis's Goldenrod common Solidago rugosa ssp. r. var. rugosa {S. r. var. r.} Wrinkle-leaved Goldenrod some [Joe] Stenanthium gramineum var. micranthum Small Feather-bells 1 [Joe] %[S. g.--rab] Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (var.?) Calico Aster few [Joe] %[Aster lateriflorus--rab] Symphyotrichum undulatum Wavy-leaved Aster few [Joe] %[Aster undulatus--rab] Veratrum parviflorum {Melanthium p.} Appalachian Bunch-flower some Viola blanda var. blanda Sweet White Violet common Viola cucullata Marsh Blue Violet 1 patch, seep Viola hastata Halberd-leaved Yellow Violet some Viola triloba var. triloba Three-lobed Violet 1 - Three-lobed, smooth leaf; also with smaller, unlobed leaves at base. Zizia trifoliata Mountain Golden-Alexanders some Unknown herb #1 few - Isolated plants with two leaves, resembling Allium tricoccum, Ramps. Unknown herb #2 few [Joe] - green flowers? or green cyathium? or green left over sepals? Euphorbia? -Opposite, entire, lanceolate, short/no petioles, flowers terminal, 5 green Ref: D10064_August_057;_059 Rushes Juncus effusus var. solutus {J. e.} Common Rush some, 1 area %[J. e.--rab] Sedges Carex lurida Shallow Sedge few Grasses Dichanthelium clandestinum Deer-tongue few %[Panicum c.----rab] Glyceria striata {G. s. var. s.} Fowl Manna-grass few patches Microstegium vimineum Japanese Stilt-grass some, 1 site Schedonorus pratensis Meadow Fescue few %[Festuca elatior--rab] Secale cereale (C./E.) Rye few - Roadside area where straw was spread to minimize erosion. Seeded also? Triticum aestivum {T. a. ssp. a.} (C./E.) Common Wheat few - Roadside area where straw was spread to minimize erosion. Seeded also? Ferns & fern allies Huperzia lucidula Shining Clubmoss 1 patch [Joe] %[Lycopodium lucidulum--rab] Adiantum pedatum Northern Maidenhair 1 Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides {A. a.} Southern Lady Fern few %[A. a.--rab] Botrychium virginianum {Botrypus virginianus} Rattlesnake Fern few Dennstaedtia punctilobula Eastern Hay-scented Fern some Osmunda claytoniana Interrupted Fern 1 Polypodium appalachianum Appalachian Polypody 2 %[In P. virginianum--rab] Polystichum acrostichoides var. acrostichoides Christmas Fern common {P. a.} Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum Eastern Bracken 2 %[P. a.--rab] Thelypteris noveboracensis New York Fern some

Old Trestle Road--from Lookout Trail to Sourwood Gap Montreat area, Buncombe Co., N.C. Including short (0.14 mile) Buck Gap Trail (BG). Elevations: ~3280 ft at Lookout Trail, ~3420 ft at Buck Gap Trail, 3659 ft at Sourwood Gap. Nomenclature generally follows the USDA, NRCS PLANTS Database, 4 March 2008 (http://plants.usda.gov), which endorses and posts the latest info from J. T. Kartesz's Biota of North America Program (BONAP). [U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Ecological Sciences Division, National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA.] Some recent or alternate interpretations not yet reviewed or adopted by PLANTS are shown in curly brackets: { }. These changes, involving various lumping/splitting decisions or new information on phylogeny, are from recent volumes of Flora of North America, the Catalog of New World Grasses, or Missouri Botanical Garden's evaluation of recent research. Note recommendations for splitting of Lycopodiums, Polygonum, and various other genera based on phylogeny. Alan S. Weakley's March 2010 draft Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States (www.herbarium.unc.edu) is a good source for the current status and identification of nearly all of our plants. Old synonyms used in the Radford, Ahles, and Bell manual [RAB] are sometimes added--in square brackets [ ]--for convenient cross-referencing. Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles, and C. R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Flora of the Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, N.C. 1183 p. Common names adapted from various sources--primarily the PLANTS Database, but with changes when better alternate names are given in Flora of North America or Weakley's manual. In some cases, I substituted the names used by Karl Anderson (2003) in his A Checklist of the Plants of New Jersey, which favors names used in popular field guides. Hybrids indicated by upper-case X in superscript position. E.g.: Quercus X saulii [alba x prinus], Saul's Oak. (C.) Cultivated or intentionally planted species. (E.) Locally escaped from cultivation. CASUAL NOTES ONLY Trees Acer pensylvanicum Striped Maple some Acer rubrum var. rubrum Red Maple common %[A. r.--rab] Amelanchier arborea var. arborea Downy Serviceberry some Castanea dentata American Chestnut some Fagus grandifolia American Beech some Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip-tree common Pinus pungens Table Mountain Pine few [Joe] Pinus rigida Pitch Pine some Quercus prinus {Q. montana} Chestnut Oak some Quercus rubra var. rubra Northern Red Oak common Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust some Tilia americana var. heterophylla White Basswood few Shrubs Clethra acuminata Mountain Sweet Pepperbush few plus (BG) [Joe] Corylus cornuta var. cornuta Beaked Hazel 1 Epigaea repens Trailing Arbutus few [Joe] Hamamelis virginiana American Witch-hazel few [Joe] Hydrangea arborescens Wild Hydrangea some [Joe] Hypericum prolificum Shrubby St. John's-wort 1 patch [Joe] Kalmia latifolia Mountain Laurel common Rhododendron catawbiense Catawba Rhododendron few Rhododendron maximum Great Laurel common Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush Blueberry some - Originally with tentative ID of Vaccinium simulatum [V. constablei--rab], Upland Highbush Blueberry. Vaccinium pallidum Blue Ridge Lowbush Blueberry few %[V. vacillans--rab]

Vines Aristolochia macrophylla Dutchman's-pipe few Smilax glauca Glaucous Greenbrier 1 Herbs Actaea racemosa var. racemosa Black Bugbane some %[Cimicifuga r.--rab] Anemone quinquefolia var. quinquefolia Wood Anemone some [Joe] Arnoglossum reniforme Great Indian-plantain few, 1 site %[Cacalia muhlenbergii--rab] Campanula divaricata Southern Harebell 1 [Joe] Cardamine concatenata Cut-leaved Toothwort some [Joe] Cardamine diphylla Broad-leaved Toothwort few [Joe] %[Dentaria d.--rab] Claytonia caroliniana (var.?) {C. c.} Carolina Spring-beauty locally common [Joe] Clintonia umbellulata White Clintonia few Collinsonia canadensis Horse Balm some Conopholis americana Squaw-root 1 clump Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's Breeches locally common [Joe] Erigeron pulchellus var. pulchellus Robin's-plantain few patches - Patches of Saxifrage-like rosettes of mostly prostrate, light-green leaves. Coarsely toothed at tip. - Originally listed as "unknown herb with Saxifrage-like rosettes of leaves." Erythronium sp. Trout-lily At seep [Joe] Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus Hollow-stemmed Joe-Pye Weed few, seep [Joe] {Eutrochium fistulosum} %[Eupatorium fistulosum--rab] Euphorbia pubentissima Southeastern Flowering Spurge few? [Joe] %[E. corollata var. zinniifolia--rab] Eurybia divaricata White Wood Aster common %[Aster divaricatus--rab] Galax urceolata Galax some patches %[G. aphylla--rab] Gentiana clausa Meadow Closed Gentian some [Joe] Goodyera pubescens Downy Rattlesnake-plantain some Heuchera americana var. americana American Alumroot few Heuchera villosa var. villosa Hairy Alum-root 1 [Joe] Houstonia purpurea var. purpurea Venus's Pride some Hydrophyllum canadense Broad-leaved Waterleaf 1 patch Impatiens pallida Yellow Touch-me-not few? [Joe] Ligusticum canadense American Lovage few Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum False Solomon's Seal few %[Smilacina racemosa--rab] Medeola virginiana Indian Cucumber-root some (BG) [Joe] Osmorhiza claytonii Sweet Cicely some Oxypolis rigidior Stiff Cowbane 1 [Joe] Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum Smooth Solomon's Seal (Large, but 2 flowers per node) some (The small, diploid plant.) {P. b.} Note: Our small, diploid plants are included in Kartesz's var. commutatum. %[P. b.--rab] Polygonum cespitosum var. longisetum Long-bristled Smartweed 1 [Joe] {Persicaria longiseta} Polygonatum pubescens Hairy Solomon's Seal 1 Polygonum lapathifolium {Persicaria lapathifolia} Nodding Smartweed few [Joe] Prenanthes sp. Rattlesnake-root (Check when in flower) some - P. altissima, Tall Rattlesnake-root, reported for Montreat trails. Solidago curtisii Curtis's Goldenrod some [Joe] Symphyotrichum cordifolium Common Blue Heart-leaved Aster 1 [Joe] %[Aster cordifolius (incl. S. lowrieanus)--rab] Symphyotrichum undulatum Wavy-leaved Aster few [Joe] %[Aster undulatus--rab] Tipularia discolor Crane-fly Orchid few [Joe]

Trautvetteria caroliniensis var. caroliniensis False Bugbane 1, at seep Trillium erectum Red Trillium few? [Joe] Trillium sp./spp. Trillium some Veratrum viride {V. v. va. v.} Green False Hellebore few? At seep. [Joe] Viola blanda var. blanda Sweet White Violet common Rushes Juncus effusus var. solutus {J. e.} Common Rush few, 1 site Ferns & fern allies Huperzia lucidula Shining Clubmoss some, 1 site %[Lycopodium lucidulum--rab] Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides {A. a.} Southern Lady Fern some %[A. a.--rab] Dennstaedtia punctilobula Eastern Hay-scented Fern some Dryopteris intermedia Intermediate Wood-fern some, 2 sites Osmunda claytoniana Interrupted Fern 1 (BG) [Joe] Polypodium virginianum (or appalachianum?) Rock Polypody (or Appalachian P.?) few [Joe] %[In P. virginianum--rab] Polystichum acrostichoides var. acrostichoides Christmas Fern common {P. a.} Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum Eastern Bracken few %[P. a.--rab] Bill: Joe: 07: May 31 07: May 31 08: 09: Apr 17, Apr 22, Oct 24