Desigatio = Evaluate Famil: Ericaceae Taxo: Vacciium cormbosum L. hbrid Som: NA Commo Name: Souther highbush Questioaire : curret 20090513 Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: EVALUATE Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 2 101 Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, =-1 103 Does the species have weed races? =1, =-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- Itermediate substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- Low high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio 205 302 Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, =-1 405 Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 Prit Date: 8/2/2011 Vacciium cormbosum L. hbrid (Ericaceae) Page 1 of 8
Desigatio = Evaluate 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, =-1 603 Hbridizes aturall =1, =-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic =1, =-1 605 Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, =-1 607 Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, 2 4+ ears = -1 701 Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, =-1 703 Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, =-1 704 Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, =-1 705 Propagules water dispersed =1, =-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed =1, =-1 707 Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, =-1 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, =-1 801 Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, =-1 802 Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, =-1 803 Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, =-1 805 Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: EVALUATE WRA Score 2 Prit Date: 8/2/2011 Vacciium cormbosum L. hbrid (Ericaceae) Page 2 of 8
Desigatio = Evaluate Supportig Data: 101 2006. Zee, F./Hummer, K./Nishijima, W./Kai, Prelimiar Yields of Souther Highbush Blueberr i Waimea, Hawai i. F&N-12. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI 102 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA 103 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA 201 2006. Zee, F./Hummer, K./Nishijima, W./Kai, Prelimiar Yields of Souther Highbush Blueberr i Waimea, Hawai i. F&N-12. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI 202 2006. Zee, F./Hummer, K./Nishijima, W./Kai, Prelimiar Yields of Souther Highbush Blueberr i Waimea, Hawai i. F&N-12. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI 203 2011. Willis Orchard Compa. Souther Highbush Blueberr Plat. http://www.willisorchards.com/product/souther+ Highbush+Blueberr+Plat 204 2004. Williamso, J.G./Lree, P.M.. Blueberr Varieties for Florida. HS967. Uiversit of Florida IFAS Ext., Gaiesville, FL http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/hs/hs21500.pdf 205 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK [Is the species highl domesticated? No] "The six souther highbush blueberr cultivars tested were Biloxi, Emerald, Jewel, Mist, Sapphire, ad Sharpblue; these are complex hbrids betwee orther highbush blueberr, Vacciium cormbosum L, ad souther Vacciium species, such as V. darrowii Camp. These cultivars were selected based o their high qualit ad low chill requiremets (USDA/ARS GRIN 2005). I geeral, the souther highbush blueberries were developed to be more tolerat of heat durig the growig seaso, ad to mieral soils rather tha highl orgaic soils." [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 1-itermediate] "I geeral, the souther highbush blueberries were developed to be more tolerat of heat durig the growig seaso, ad to mieral soils rather tha highl orgaic soils. The souther highbush cultivars require a lesser degree of cool weather (chillig) for flowerig." [Qualit of climate match data? 0-low] "I geeral, the souther highbush blueberries were developed to be more tolerat of heat durig the growig seaso, ad to mieral soils rather tha highl orgaic soils. The souther highbush cultivars require a lesser degree of cool weather (chillig) for flowerig." [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? Yes] "About Souther Highbush Blueberr Plat The Souther Highbush blueberr is a cross betwee Norther Highbush blueberries ad ative Souther species, givig it a greater rage of adaptatio tha either of its parets. The Souther Highbush tolerates a wider rage of soil coditios ad temperature variatios. The fruits are smaller tha Rabbitee blueberries but o less tast. Souther Highbush blueberries are becomig more popular for both home ad commercial platigs for the productio of delicious berries before Rabbitee blueberries start ripeig. The Souther Highbush blueberr is a excellet choice for Gulf Coastal States but also for people i the upper south or middle states like Virgiia or Ketuck, as the are a little more cold hard tha Rabbitee Blueberries. (The varieties we offer are O'NEAL, SHARP BLUE, ad MISTY.) (Zoes 6B - 10A) (B refers to the lower portio of a zoe ad A to the upper portio.)" [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes. Bred for a warmer, subtropical climate] "Souther highbush blueberries were developed b crossig orther highbush varieties from Michiga ad New Jerse with wild blueberries ative i Florida ad other southeaster states. The first three souther highbush varieties were released from the Uiversit of Florida i the mid 1970s. Sice the, ma ewer ad improved souther highbush varieties have bee released." [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Yes] "I additio to the souther USA, souther highbush are beig grow i souther Europe, Australasia ad warmer regios i Lati America." 301 1986. Adema, F.. Vacciium cormbosum L. i Nederlad igeburgerd. (Vacciium cormbosum L. aturalized i the Netherlads.). Gorteria. 13(3-4): 65-69. [Naturalized beod ative rage? Yes for V. cormbosum, oe of the paretal species used to produce souther highbush cultivars] 301 2009. efloras. Flora of North America Volume 8 - Vacciium cormbosum. http://www.efloras.org/florataxo.aspx?flora_id=1 &taxo_id=242417401 [Naturalized beod ative rage? Yes for V. cormbosum, oe of the paretal species used to produce souther highbush cultivars] "Feral populatios readil become established wherever cultivars have bee plated, e.g., Britai, British Columbia, Japa, Missouri, The Netherlads, New Zealad, Washigto, ad Wiscosi." 301 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece of souther highbush] 302 2007. Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No] No evidece Prit Date: 8/2/2011 Vacciium cormbosum L. hbrid (Ericaceae) Page 3 of 8
Desigatio = Evaluate 303 2007. Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 304 2007. Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 305 2007. Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No] No evidece [Evirometal weed? No] No evidece [Cogeeric weed? Yes] Multiple Vacciium species are listed as either aturalized, ad/or weeds outside of their itroduced rage. 401 2006. Zee, F./Hummer, K./Nishijima, W./Kai, Prelimiar Yields of Souther Highbush Blueberr i Waimea, Hawai i. F&N-12. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No] 402 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Allelopathic? No] Ulikel, give widespread cultivatio with o aecdotal reports of allelopathic properties or traits. 403 2004. Williamso, J.G./Lree, P.M.. Blueberr Varieties for Florida. HS967. Uiversit of Florida IFAS Ext., Gaiesville, FL http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/hs/hs21500.pdf [Parasitic? No] Ericaceae 404 2004. Tamada, T.. Attempt at blueberr cultivatio. Cultivatio guidelie for Souther highbush blueberr. Agriculture ad Horticulture. 79(4): 499-508. 404 2006. Zee, F./Hummer, K./Nishijima, W./Kai, Prelimiar Yields of Souther Highbush Blueberr i Waimea, Hawai i. F&N-12. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI 405 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK 406 2006. Zee, F./Hummer, K./Nishijima, W./Kai, Prelimiar Yields of Souther Highbush Blueberr i Waimea, Hawai i. F&N-12. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI 406 2008. Hacock, J.F.. Temperate Fruit Crop Breedig: Germplasm to Geomics. Spriger, Berli-Heidelberg-New York 406 2008. Naidu, S.. Iteratioal Ecclopaedia of Agricultural Sciece ad Techolog: Horticultural crops. Mittal Publicatios, New Delhi, Idia 406 2009. Follett, P.A./Armstrog, J.W./Zee, F.T.. Host Status of Blueberr to Ivasive Tephritid Fruit Flies i Hawaii. Joural of Ecoomic Etomolog. 102(5): 1859-1863. 407 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK [Upalatable to grazig aimals? No] "Ad bird damage, aimal damage (wild boar, deer, serow, ad hare), weather hazard (frost, strog wid, sow ad hail) ad the measures agaist them are described." [Browsed o b several aimals] [Upalatable to grazig aimals? No] "Turkes ad pheasats damaged the oug plats" [Toxic to aimals? No] No evidece [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? Possibl] "Chiese rose beetles sometimes caused sigificat chewig damage to the foliage, ad cotrol measures were ecessar o occasio. Although blueberries are listed as a host for the Mediterraea fruit fl, o obvious fruit fl damage was oted o ripe fruit. Leaf spots ad melo aphid coloies occasioall occurred o ew shoots but were ot serious problems." [Pests alread widespread i Hawaiia Islads] [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? Possibl] " stem blight, cae caker ad Phtophthora root rot are most commo i rai, hot climates where souther highbush are grow." [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? Potetiall] "Rust is a serious leafdefoliatig problem for souther highbush varieties Root rot occurs more ofte o souther highbush plats tha o rabbitees." [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? Possibl] "Forced ifestatio studies were coducted to determie whether orther or souther highbush blueberries, Vacciium cormbosum L., are hosts for the ivasive tephritid fruit flies i Hawaii. Fruit were exposed to gravid female flies of Bactrocera dorsalis Hedel (orietal fruit fl), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedema) (Mediterraea fruit fl), or Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet (melo fl) i scree cages outdoors for 6 h ad the held o sad i the laborator for 2 wk for pupal ad adult emergece...results from rearig o sad ad diet idicate that blueberr is a acceptable ovipositio host for B. latifros but ot a adequate developmetal host. These data suggest blueberr is potetiall a good host for B. dorsalis ad C. capitata, ad a adequate host for Bactrocera cucurbitae, but that there ma be sigificat variatio i resistace amog cultivars. Blueberr seems to be a ohost for B. latifros." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No] No evidece Prit Date: 8/2/2011 Vacciium cormbosum L. hbrid (Ericaceae) Page 4 of 8
Desigatio = Evaluate 408 2010. Rawligs Cosultig Forestr. Firewise Ladscapig i North Carolia. http://librar.rawligsforestr.com/cces/firewise_l adscapig/firewise_ladscapig.pdf 409 2008. Lree, P.. Breedig Souther Highbush Blueberries, i Plat Breedig Reviews, Volume 30 (ed J. Jaick). Joh Wile & Sos, Ic., Hoboke, NJ, 409 2011. Edible Ladscapig Olie. Star Souther Highbush Blueberr. http://www.edibleladscapig.com/plats.php?fu c=view&id=53 410 2006. Zee, F./Hummer, K./Nishijima, W./Kai, Prelimiar Yields of Souther Highbush Blueberr i Waimea, Hawai i. F&N-12. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI 410 2007. Kole, C.. Fruits ad uts. Spriger-Verlag, Berli-Heidelberg 411 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK 412 1914. Bickell, E.P.. The Fers ad Flowerig Plats of Natucket-XIII. Bulleti of the Torre Botaical Club. 41(8): 411-427. 501 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK 502 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK 503 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK 504 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK 601 2004. Williamso, J.G./Lree, P.M.. Blueberr Varieties for Florida. HS967. Uiversit of Florida IFAS Ext., Gaiesville, FL http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/hs/hs21500.pdf [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No. No evidece] "Table 1. Plat Species Native to North Carolia with a Low Flammabilit Ratig (cotiued)" [Icludes Vacciium cormbosum, Highbush blueberr, oe of the paretal species used to produce Souther highbush cultivars] [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Possibl] "Highbush blueberries are somewhat shade tolerat but ield most whe grow i full su " [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Possibl] "Shade Tolerace: Fair" [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? Possibl] "Most literature metios that for blueberr growth ad productio the soil ph should be withi the rage 4.0 5.2 (with a optimum of 4.5 4.8). Whe the soil ph is higher tha this rage, growers ofte use a acidifig amedmet such as fiel groud sulfur to lower the ph. Although the soil at the Mealai Research Statio averaged ph 5.7 ad raged from ph 5.3 to 6.1, sulfur was ot used to amed the ph, except to the extet that it was supplied i the fertilizers used. Microutriet deficiec, such as iro deficiec, ca occur whe the soil ph is too high. For this prelimiar trial, chelated iro was applied through the irrigatio sstem." [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? Yes] "Souther highbush were specificall hbridized for superior fruit, soil adaptabilit, heat tolerace ad witer chillig." [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] "Stadard ad souther highbush blueberries are crow-formig shrubs with two to five basal stems that rage from 1-5 m i height (1.5-3 m geerall i cultivatio)." [Forms dese thickets? Ukow] "A abudat shrub, mail of low grouds, where it mixes with other shrubber or groups itself ito close thickets that form impassable barriers about pools ad swamp spots." [Descriptio for Vacciium cormbosum, oe of the paretal species used to produce hbrid souther highbush cultivars] [Aquatic? No. Terrestrial] [Grass? No] Ericaceae [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Ericaceae [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No] "Stadard ad souther highbush blueberries are crow-formig shrubs with two to five basal stems that rage from 1-5 m i height (1.5-3 m geerall i cultivatio)." [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No] "Souther highbush blueberries were developed b crossig orther highbush varieties from Michiga ad New Jerse with wild blueberries ative i Florida ad other southeaster states. The first three souther highbush varieties were released from the Uiversit of Florida i the mid 1970s. Sice the, ma ewer ad improved souther highbush varieties have bee released." 602 2010. gardeguides.com. Highbush Blueberr (Cormbosum). http://www.gardeguides.com/taxoom/highbush -blueberr-vacciium-cormbosum/ [Produces viable seed? Yes] "Seeds or cuttigs ca propagate plats of highbush blueberr." 603 2006. Lree, P.. Breedig Low-chill Blueberr Varieties. I III Simpósio acioal do morago. II Ecotro sobre pequeas frutas e Frutas ativas do Mercosul. http://www.cpact.embrapa.br/publicacoes/dowloa d/documetos/documeto_171.pdf#page=35 [Hbridizes aturall? Ukow] "The abilit of two blueberr species to produce hbrids whe crossed, ad the fertilit ad vigor of the hbrids, depeds o two factors: 1.) the sectios to which the species belog ad 2.) the chromosome umber (ploid level) of the plats that are crossed. I sectio Caococcus, a two species that have the same chromosome umber ca readil be hbridized, ad the resultig hbrids are tpicall vigorous ad fertile. Tetraploid species withi Caococcus ca be crossed with diploids. Ver few seedligs are ormall obtaied from this tpe of cross, but eough hbrids ca ofte be produced to obtai parets for further crosses. Tetraploid x diploid crosses produce a mixture of triploid ad tetraploid hbrids. Tetraploid hbrids result because ma diploid Vacciium species make a few ureduced gametes. These tetraploid hbrids are usuall quite fertile, ad produce fertile seedligs whe backcrossed to the tetraploid paret species." Prit Date: 8/2/2011 Vacciium cormbosum L. hbrid (Ericaceae) Page 5 of 8
Desigatio = Evaluate 603 2008. Hacock, J.F.. Temperate Fruit Crop Breedig: Germplasm to Geomics. Spriger, Berli-Heidelberg-New York 604 1992. Lag, G.A./Parrie, E.J.. Polle viabilit ad vigor i hbrid souther highbush blueberries (Vacciium cormbosum L. x spp.). Hortsciece. 27: 425-427. 604 2000. Delaplae, K.S./Maer, D.F.. Crop polliatio b bees. CABI, Walligford, UK 604 2006. Rieger, M.. Itroductio to fruit crops. The Haworth Press, Bighampto, NY 604 2008. Boer, F.T./Karrfalt, R.P.. The Wood Plat Seed Maual. Govermet Pritig Office, Washigto, D.C. 605 2000. Sampso, B.J./Cae, J.H.. Polliatio Efficiecies of Three Bee (Hmeoptera: Apoidea) Species Visitig Rabbitee Blueberr. Joural of Ecoomic Etomolog. 93(6): 1726-1731. 605 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK 606 2006. Lree, P.. Breedig Low-chill Blueberr Varieties. I III Simpósio acioal do morago. II Ecotro sobre pequeas frutas e Frutas ativas do Mercosul. http://www.cpact.embrapa.br/publicacoes/dowloa d/documetos/documeto_171.pdf#page=35 607 2006. Lree, P.. Breedig Low-chill Blueberr Varieties. I III Simpósio acioal do morago. II Ecotro sobre pequeas frutas e Frutas ativas do Mercosul. http://www.cpact.embrapa.br/publicacoes/dowloa d/documetos/documeto_171.pdf#page=35 701 2006. Zee, F./Hummer, K./Nishijima, W./Kai, Prelimiar Yields of Souther Highbush Blueberr i Waimea, Hawai i. F&N-12. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI 702 2004. Williamso, J.G./Lree, P.M.. Blueberr Varieties for Florida. HS967. Uiversit of Florida IFAS Ext., Gaiesville, FL http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/hs/hs21500.pdf [Hbridizes aturall? Ukow] "Wide hbridizatio is commol emploed i blueberr breedig ad souther highbush tpes were derived primaril b icorporatig gees from the diploid species Vacciium darrowii ito the highbush backgroud via ureduced gametes." [Self-compatible or apomictic? Possibl] "Sice their iterspecific acestr icludes diploid, tetraploid, ad hexaploid species ragig from self-fruitful to self icompatible, oe of the first factors to stud with regard to fruit developmet is polle viabilit ad vigor." [Self-compatible or apomictic? Yes] "I crossig experimets with seve souther highbush varieties, selfig geerall did ot affect fruit-set, but it reduced umber of seeds per berr, berr weight, ad speed of ripeig " [Self-compatible, but less effective tha cross polliatio] [Self-compatible or apomictic? Partiall] "Souther highbush cultivars, i cotrast, are ol partiall self-fruitful ad are ofte provided with polliizers i commercial productio." [Self-compatible or apomictic? Possibl] "Rabbitee ad lowbush blueberries are geerall self-sterile ad must be iterplated to esure fruit-set. Highbush blueberries are self-fertile, although ields ca be improved b iterplatig with differet cultivars (Huxle 1992a)." [Requires specialist polliators? No. Blueberr species are polliated b geeralist isects] "However, upo successful trasplatatio of adult bees, both male ad female H. laboriosa could provide urivaled polliatio service to blueberr producers. Should such efforts prove impractical, O. ribifloris will soo be available for souther blueberr polliatio. Hoe bees ca also be effective blueberr polliators." [Requires specialist polliators? No] "Polliatio is effect b bees, primaril solitar bees (mostl Bombus spp.) i ature. Coloies of hoebees (betwee two ad five/ha) are commol place i ad aroud blueberr fields durig bloom to esure adequate polliatio, especiall where populatios of ative bees are ot abudat ad where fields are large." [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? Ukow. Some cultivars ma be able to spread vegetativel through gradual productio of advetitious roots] "Blueberr cultivars are ormall propagated b stem cuttigs or i vitro. Geotpes var i their abilit to form advetitious roots. A few potetial cultivars have bee so hard to propagate from cuttigs that the have bee discarded durig fial testig." [Miimum geerative time (ears)? 2] "Blueberr plats grow from seed have a short juveile period, ad ormall make some fruit i their secod ear. Plats grow from cuttigs ma flower eve before the are rooted." [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas)? No evidece. No meas of exteral attachmet o fruit & seeds] [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes. Grow commerciall] "Begiig i the late 1980s, souther highbush bega to replace rabbitee as the blueberr of choice for fresh fruit shippig withi ad from Florida. Curretl all Florida blueberr platigs that are grow for fresh fruit shippig are souther highbush varieties. Some of the more commo souther highbush varieties are described below." 703 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? Ukow] If grow commerciall with other crops, seeds could potetiall be iadvertetl spread 704 2006. Zee, F./Hummer, K./Nishijima, W./Kai, Prelimiar Yields of Souther Highbush Blueberr i Waimea, Hawai i. F&N-12. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No. Flesh-fruited] Prit Date: 8/2/2011 Vacciium cormbosum L. hbrid (Ericaceae) Page 6 of 8
Desigatio = Evaluate 705 2006. Zee, F./Hummer, K./Nishijima, W./Kai, Prelimiar Yields of Souther Highbush Blueberr i Waimea, Hawai i. F&N-12. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI 706 2006. Zee, F./Hummer, K./Nishijima, W./Kai, Prelimiar Yields of Souther Highbush Blueberr i Waimea, Hawai i. F&N-12. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI 707 2006. Zee, F./Hummer, K./Nishijima, W./Kai, Prelimiar Yields of Souther Highbush Blueberr i Waimea, Hawai i. F&N-12. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI 708 2006. Zee, F./Hummer, K./Nishijima, W./Kai, Prelimiar Yields of Souther Highbush Blueberr i Waimea, Hawai i. F&N-12. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI [Propagules water dispersed? No. Flesh-fruited. Not adapted for water dispersal] [Propagules bird dispersed? Yes] "The most serious problem ecoutered durig the first ear of growig blueberries at the Mealai Research Statio was bird damage. Turkes ad pheasats damaged the oug plats. Cardials ad whiteees damaged ad fed o the fruit." [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? No evidece. No meas of exteral attachmet o fruit & seeds] [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Presumabl es] "The most serious problem ecoutered durig the first ear of growig blueberries at the Mealai Research Statio was bird damage. Turkes ad pheasats damaged the oug plats. Cardials ad white-ees damaged ad fed o the fruit." 708 2010. gardeguides.com. Highbush Blueberr (Cormbosum). [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Presumabl es] "The seeds ma be widel dispersed i bird ad mammal droppigs, but germiatio success ca http://www.gardeguides.com/taxoom/highbush be reduced up to 15% after passig through a aimal gut." -blueberr-vacciium-cormbosum/ 801 2009. Ogde, A.B./va Iersel, M.W.. Souther Highbush Blueberr Productio i High Tuels: Temperatures, Developmet, Yield, ad Fruit Qualit Durig the Establishmet Years. Hortsciece. 44(7): 1850 1856. 802 2008. Roal Botaic Gardes Kew. Seed Iformatio Database (SID). Versio 7.1. http://data.kew.org/sid/ [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? Ukow] "Poor schroizatio of flower developmet betwee cultivars ca be problematic i souther highbush blueberr productio. Souther highbush blueberr cultivars possess varig degrees of self-icompatibilit ad beefit from cross-polliatio. Beefits of cross-polliatio iclude rapid fruit developmet, ehaced seed productio, ad large berr size (Mailad, 1984; Sampso ad Spiers, 2002, Williamso ad Lree, 2004b). Emerald ad Jewel were selected for this stud based o their schroizatio of flowerig i south Georgia. Iterestigl, i 2007, the cultivars were poorl schroized i their flowerig times, which ma have resulted i little cross-polliatio, especiall with earl tuel closig dates" [Seed productio ma var whe differet combiatios of cultivars are grow] [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? Ukow] "Storage Coditios: Viabilit maitaied for 12 ears i hermetic cold storage (Crossle, 1974c)" [Laborator coditios for V. cormbosum. Ukow for the various souther highbush cultivars] 803 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Ukow] No iformatio o chemical cotrol or herbicide efficac for souther highbush 804 2006. Lree, P.. Breedig Low-chill Blueberr Varieties. I III Simpósio acioal do morago. II Ecotro sobre pequeas frutas e Frutas ativas do Mercosul. http://www.cpact.embrapa.br/publicacoes/dowloa d/documetos/documeto_171.pdf#page=35 [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Possibl. Tolerates regular pruig] "Oce established, highbush blueberr plats ca live for 50 ears or more. I commercial productio fields, the are prued auall to cotrol bush size ad shape ad to stimulate growth of strog, ew caes." Prit Date: 8/2/2011 Vacciium cormbosum L. hbrid (Ericaceae) Page 7 of 8
Desigatio = Evaluate 805 2009. Follett, P.A./Armstrog, J.W./Zee, F.T.. Host Status of Blueberr to Ivasive Tephritid Fruit Flies i Hawaii. Joural of Ecoomic Etomolog. 102(5): 1859-1863. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets)? Ukow] "Forced ifestatio studies were coducted to determie whether orther or souther highbush blueberries, Vacciium cormbosum L., are hosts for the ivasive tephritid fruit flies i Hawaii. Fruit were exposed to gravid female flies of Bactrocera dorsalis Hedel (orietal fruit fl), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedema) (Mediterraea fruit fl), or Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet (melo fl) i scree cages outdoors for 6 h ad the held o sad i the laborator for 2 wk for pupal ad adult emergece...results from rearig o sad ad diet idicate that blueberr is a acceptable ovipositio host for B. latifros but ot a adequate developmetal host. These data suggest blueberr is potetiall a good host for B. dorsalis ad C. capitata, ad a adequate host for Bactrocera cucurbitae, but that there ma be sigificat variatio i resistace amog cultivars. Blueberr seems to be a ohost for B. latifros." Prit Date: 8/2/2011 Vacciium cormbosum L. hbrid (Ericaceae) Page 8 of 8