MALUMA HASS : A NEW RELEASED CULTIVAR IN COMPARISON WITH HASS BY AA ERNST (ALLESBESTE NURSERY) REG. NO. ZA 20043215
INTRODUCTION HASS, A PREDOMINANTLY GUATEMALAN, WITH SOME MEXICAN GENES, WAS SELECTED IN 1926 BY MR RUDOLPH HASS AT LA GLABRA HEIGHTS, CALIFORNIA AS A CHANCE SEEDLING OF UNKNOWN PARENTAGE DUE TO ITS HIGH FLESH QUALITY, HIGHER YIELD AND LATER MATURITY THAN FUERTE. IN THE LAST 50 YEARS HASS HAS BECOME THE DOMINANT CULTIVAR GROWN IN SUBTROPICAL CLIMATES (NEWETT ET AL, 2002).
MALUMA HASS, ALSO A PREDOMINANTLY GUATEMALAN WITH SOME MEXICAN GENES, WAS SELECTED IN THE EARLY 1990 S BY MR DRIES JOUBERT AT MALUMA FARM, SOUTH AFRICA, AS A CHANCE SEEDLING OF UNKNOWN PARENTAGE DUE TO ITS SIMILARITY TO HASS. ALLESBESTE NURSERY EVALUATED THE VARIETY. PLANT BREEDER S RIGHTS (ZA 20043215) WAS GRANTED IN SOUTH AFRICA. REGISTRATION OF PLANT BREEDER S RIGHTS FOR AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEELAND IS PENDING. MALUMA HASS HAS BEEN APPROVED IN SOUTH AFRICA AS AN EXPORT CULTIVAR (END OF 2006).
OBJECTIVE TO DRAW A COMPARISON BETWEEN MALUMA HASS AND HASS
MATERIAL AND METHODS MALUMA HASS WAS INTRODUCED INTO THE ALLESBESTE BREEDING AND SELECTION PROGRAMME (PHASE 2) DURING THE LATE 1990 S WHERE IT WAS SUBJECTED TO INTENSIVE TESTING
MALUMA HASS TWO SEMI-COMMERCIAL TRIAL BLOCKS OF 1,5 HECTARE EACH WERE RESPECTIVELY PLANTED DURING MARCH 2001 WITH MALUMA HASS AND HASS GRAFTED ON CLONAL DUKE 7 WITH A 7 X 3,5 SPACING (408 PLANTS PER HA)
TRIAL BLOCKS WERE ESTABLISHED AT THE FARM HUMOR, TZANEEN IN THE LIMPOPO PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA THE CO-ORDINATES OF THE SITE ARE S 23º 44 25.0 E 30º 11 01.1 AT AN ALTITUDE OF 793 METRES COMPARISONS WERE MADE WITH REFERENCE TO TREE, FLOWER AND FRUITING CHARACTE- RISTICS OF THE TWO CULTIVARS
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION MALUMA HASS
MALUMA HASS
HASS
MALUMA
MALUMA PICKED: 27/3/04 (WEEK 13) EAT RIPE: 9/4/04 (WEEK 15) 80% MOISTURE
MALUMA PICKED: 23/03/06 (WEEK 12) EAT RIPE: 06/04/06 (WEEK 14) 78% MOISTURE
PICKED 12/4/2006 (WEEK 15) MALUMA: 75% MOISTURE MALUMA HASS
FUERTE MOISTURE CONTENT MALUMA-HASS MOISTURE CONTENT 85 85 80 80 PERCENTAGE 75 70 65 78% 78% PERCENTAGE (%) 75 70 65 60 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 WEEKS 60 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 WEEKS B1 D2 GEM Linear (GEM) C3 Linear (C3) MALUMA-HASS MOISTURE CONTENT / COUNT HASS MOISTURE CONTENT 95 90 90 85 PERCENTAGE (%) 85 80 75 70 65 78% 78% PERCENTAGE (%) 80 75 70 65 60 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 WEEKS 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 GEM Linear (14) Linear (22) Linear (18) Linear (GEM) Linear (24) 60 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 WEEKS A2 C4 C5 C8 D4-7 E F G GEM Linear (GEM)
Total EU Avocado Supply (updated 14/07/2006) 2000 Bars to left of arrow represent actual shipments from Peru, but also include estimates from other origins. Bars to right of arrow represent estimates 1800 1600 4 kg Cartons ('000) 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 GAP IN MARKET Week on market Israel green Israel Hass Spain Green Spain Hass Mexico Green Mexico Hass Kenya Green Kenya Hass Argentina Green Argentina Hass Peru Green Peru Hass Chile Hass RSA Green RSA Hass USA Hass
ARRIVAL: UK
TABLE 1 COMPARISON BETWEEN TREE CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS MALUMA HASS HASS PLANT BREEDER S RIGHTS YES NO (EXPIRED) RACE CANOPY SHAPE CANOPY STRUCTURE CANOPY DENSITY GUATEMALAN WITH SO ME MEXICAN GENES UPRIGHT, TRIANGULAR CENTRAL LEADER WITH LATERAL BRANCHING GOOD LIGHT PENETRATION GUATEMALAN WITH SO ME MEXICAN GENES FAIRLY UPRIGHT, CIRCULAR (ROUND) SEVERAL LEADER BRANCHES DENSE, POOR LIGHT PENETRATION GROWTH VIGOUR THRIFTY MEDIUM VIGOROUS GROWTH MANIPULATION YES, PRUNING WITH OUT GROWTH RETARDANT YES, PRUNING WITH GROWTH RETARDANT PLANT DENSITY (MANIPULATED) 400 800 / HA 200 400 / HA PRECOCITY HIGH INTERMEDIATE BEARING PATTERN AND PRODUCTIVITY FAIRLY CONSTANT AND HIGH ALTERNATIVE AND MODERATE HARVEST PERIOD (EXPORT) WEEK 12 24 WEEK 18 33
TABLE 2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FLOWER AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS MALUMA HASS HASS FLOWER GROUP A A FRUIT (ORCHARD) INTERNAL COLD DAMAGE AT FROST POINT MODERATE NONE SEVERE MODERATE FRUIT SIZE 150 400G 100 330G FRUIT SHAPE PYRIFORM OBOVATE FRUIT COLOUR (RIPE) PURPLE-BLACK REDDISH-PURPLE FRUIT APPEARANCE SHINY DULL SEED SHAPE OBOVATE WITH FLAT BASE OBOVATE SEED AS % OF TOTAL FRUIT VOLUME 10 15% 20 25% SKIN THICKNESS 1 2 MM 1 2 MM SKIN TEXTURE SEMI-ROUGH, PEBBLY AND LEATHERY SEMI-ROUGH, LIGHT PEBBLY AND LEATHERY LENTICEL DAMAGE TOLERANT SUSCEPTIBLE MATURITY 78% 77% TASTE & FLAVOUR EXCELLENT, RICH AND TASTY EXCELLENT, RICH AND NUTTY FLESH COLOUR CREAMY-YELLOW WITH LIGHT GREEN RIND CREAMY-YELLOW WITH LIGHT GREEN RIND FLESH TEXTURE SMOOTH AND SLIGHT FIBRE SMOOTH AND SLIGHT FIBRE SHIPPING AND STORAGE ABILITY EXCELLENT AND ACCEPTABLE EXCELLENT AND GOOD
TABLE 3 COMPARISON BETWEEN RESISTANCE TO FRUIT DISEASES AND INCIDENCE OF DISORDERS CHARACTERISTICS MALUMA HASS HASS CERCOSPERA RESISTANT RESISTANT ANTHRACNOSE TOLERANT TOLERANT RING NECK STRESS RELATED, SMALL FRUIT ASSOCIATED LESS SIGNIFICANT STRESS RELATED, SMALL FRUIT ASSOCIATED PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS NEGLIGIBLE IF MANAGED NEGLIGIBLE IF MANAGED INSECT TOLERANCE FAIRLY TOLERANT FAIRLY TOLERANT
PRODUCTION (KG) 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 2601.9 MALUMA HASS vs HASS CUMULATIVE PRODUCTION & INCOME PER HECTARE $3,942.29 15146.2 466.7 $13,327.95 6260.8 32062.5 $8,826.96 $29,450.87 21619.5 53132 $19,213.37 2 $364.20 3 $2,789.47 4 5 AGE (YEAR) $41,041.61 36363 Maluma - Kg/Ha Hass - Kg/Ha Maluma - Income / Ha Hass - Income / Ha $45,000.00 $40,000.00 $35,000.00 $30,000.00 $25,000.00 $20,000.00 $15,000.00 $10,000.00 $5,000.00 $0.00 IN C O M E (U S $ )
CONCLUSIONS MALUMA HASS SUCCESSFULLY RELEASED FROM THE BREEDNG AND SELECTION PROGRAM OF ALLESBESTE NURSERY, SOUTH AFRICA MALUMA HASS IS AN EARLY BEARING TRIANGULAR SHAPED THRIFTY UPRIGHT GROWING TREE WITH A NATURAL CENTRAL LEADER AND LATERAL BRANCHING, ALLOWING FOR GOOD LIGHT PENETRATION AND HIGH PRODUCTIVITY
MALUMA HASS IS PRECOCIOUS, WITH A HIGH AND CONSTANT BEARING PATTERN ANNUALLY SIGNIFICANTLY OUTPERFORMS HASS, ON A PLANT DENSITY OF 400 TREES PER HECTARE, ON PRODUCTION AND INCOME PRODUCTIVE WITHOUT THE USE OF GROWTH RETARDANTS WITH SUBSTANTIAL SAVING IN PRODUCTION COST COULD BE CONSIDERED FOR HIGH-DENSITY PLANTINGS
MALUMA HASS HAS A BETTER COUNT DISTRIBUTION THAN HASS BEING AN EARLY FRUITING CULTIVAR IT CAN SUCCESSFULLY EXTEND THE HASS SEASON BY ONE MONTH
MALUMA HASS IS EITHER RESISTANT OR TOLERATES THE MOST IMPORTANT FRUIT DISEASES AND DISORDERS ON FRUIT APPEARANCE, QUALITY AND TASTE MALUMA HASS COMPARES VERY FAVOURABLE WITH HASS FULL EXPORT CULTIVAR STATUS IN SOUTH AFRICA SINCE END 2006 - EXPORTS WELL ACCEPTED BY TESCO (A LEADING U.K. SUPERMARKET) FOR ITS RIPE-AND-READY PROGRAMMES
ALLESBESTE NURSERY HOLDS THE PLANT BREEDER S RIGHTS FOR MALUMA HASS UNDER REGISTRATION NUMBER ZA 20043215 THE REGISTRATION FOR PLANT BREEDER S RIGHTS IS PENDING IN NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA
MALUMA-HASS THANK YOU REG. NO. ZA 20043215