MALUMA HASS : A NEW RELEASED CULTIVAR IN COMPARISON WITH HASS BY AA ERNST (ALLESBESTE NURSERY) REG. NO. ZA 20043215
INTRODUCTION HASS, A PREDOMINANTLY GUATEMALAN, WITH SOME MEXICAN GENES, WAS SELECTED IN 1926 BY MR RUDOLPH HASS AT LA GLABRA HEIGHTS, CALIFORNIA AS A CHANCE SEEDLING OF UNKNOWN PARENTAGE DUE TO ITS HIGH FLESH QUALITY, HIGHER YIELD AND LATER MATURITY THAN FUERTE. IN THE LAST 50 YEARS HASS HAS BECOME THE DOMINANT CULTIVAR GROWN IN SUBTROPICAL CLIMATES (NEWETT ET AL, 2002).
MALUMA HASS, ALSO A PREDOMINANTLY GUATEMALAN WITH SOME MEXICAN GENES, WAS SELECTED IN THE EARLY 1990 S BY MR DRIES JOUBERT AT MALUMA FARM, SOUTH AFRICA, AS A CHANCE SEEDLING OF UNKNOWN PARENTAGE DUE TO ITS SIMILARITY TO HASS. ALLESBESTE NURSERY EVALUATED THE VARIETY. PLANT BREEDER S RIGHTS (ZA 20043215) WAS GRANTED IN SOUTH AFRICA. REGISTRATION OF PLANT BREEDER S RIGHTS FOR AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEELAND IS PENDING. MALUMA HASS HAS BEEN APPROVED IN SOUTH AFRICA AS AN EXPORT CULTIVAR (END OF 2006).
OBJECTIVE TO DRAW A COMPARISON BETWEEN MALUMA HASS AND HASS
MATERIAL AND METHODS MALUMA HASS WAS INTRODUCED INTO THE ALLESBESTE BREEDING AND SELECTION PROGRAMME (PHASE 2) DURING THE LATE 1990 S WHERE IT WAS SUBJECTED TO INTENSIVE TESTING
MALUMA HASS TWO SEMI-COMMERCIAL TRIAL BLOCKS OF 1,5 HECTARE EACH WERE RESPECTIVELY PLANTED DURING MARCH 2001 WITH MALUMA HASS AND HASS GRAFTED ON CLONAL DUKE 7 WITH A 7 X 3,5 SPACING (408 PLANTS PER HA)
TRIAL BLOCKS WERE ESTABLISHED AT THE FARM HUMOR, TZANEEN IN THE LIMPOPO PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA THE CO-ORDINATES OF THE SITE ARE S 23º 44 25.0 E 30º 11 01.1 AT AN ALTITUDE OF 793 METRES COMPARISONS WERE MADE WITH REFERENCE TO TREE, FLOWER AND FRUITING CHARACTE- RISTICS OF THE TWO CULTIVARS
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION MALUMA HASS
MALUMA HASS
HASS
MALUMA
MALUMA PICKED: 27/3/04 (WEEK 13) EAT RIPE: 9/4/04 (WEEK 15) 80% MOISTURE
MALUMA PICKED: 23/03/06 (WEEK 12) EAT RIPE: 06/04/06 (WEEK 14) 78% MOISTURE
PICKED 12/4/2006 (WEEK 15) MALUMA: 75% MOISTURE MALUMA HASS
FUERTE MOISTURE CONTENT MALUMA-HASS MOISTURE CONTENT 85 85 80 80 PERCENTAGE 75 70 65 78% 78% PERCENTAGE (%) 75 70 65 60 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 WEEKS 60 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 WEEKS B1 D2 GEM Linear (GEM) C3 Linear (C3) MALUMA-HASS MOISTURE CONTENT / COUNT HASS MOISTURE CONTENT 95 90 90 85 PERCENTAGE (%) 85 80 75 70 65 78% 78% PERCENTAGE (%) 80 75 70 65 60 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 WEEKS 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 GEM Linear (14) Linear (22) Linear (18) Linear (GEM) Linear (24) 60 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 WEEKS A2 C4 C5 C8 D4-7 E F G GEM Linear (GEM)
Total EU Avocado Supply (updated 14/07/2006) 2000 Bars to left of arrow represent actual shipments from Peru, but also include estimates from other origins. Bars to right of arrow represent estimates 1800 1600 4 kg Cartons ('000) 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 GAP IN MARKET Week on market Israel green Israel Hass Spain Green Spain Hass Mexico Green Mexico Hass Kenya Green Kenya Hass Argentina Green Argentina Hass Peru Green Peru Hass Chile Hass RSA Green RSA Hass USA Hass
ARRIVAL: UK
TABLE 1 COMPARISON BETWEEN TREE CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS PLANT BREEDER S RIGHTS RACE CANOPY SHAPE CANOPY STRUCTURE CANOPY DENSITY GROWTH VIGOUR GROWTH MANIPULATION PLANT DENSITY (MANIPULATED) PRECOCITY BEARING PATTERN AND PRODUCTIVITY HARVEST PERIOD (EXPORT) MALUMA HASS YES GUATEMALAN WITH SOME MEXICAN GENES UPRIGHT, TRIANGULAR CENTRAL LEADER WITH LATERAL BRANCHING GOOD LIGHT PENETRATION THRIFTY YES, PRUNING WITHOUT GROWTH RETARDANT 400 800 / HA HIGH FAIRLY CONSTANT AND HIGH WEEK 12 24 HASS NO (EXPIRED) GUATEMALAN WITH SOME MEXICAN GENES FAIRLY UPRIGHT, CIRCULAR (ROUND) SEVERAL LEADER BRANCHES DENSE, POOR LIGHT PENETRATION MEDIUM VIGOROUS YES, PRUNING WITH GROWTH RETARDANT 200 400 / HA INTERMEDIATE ALTERNATIVE AND MODERATE WEEK 18 33
TABLE 2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FLOWER AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS FLOWER GROUP FRUIT (ORCHARD) INTERNAL COLD DAMAGE AT FROST POINT FRUIT SIZE FRUIT SHAPE FRUIT COLOUR (RIPE) FRUIT APPEARANCE SEED SHAPE SEED AS % OF TOTAL FRUIT VOLUME SKIN THICKNESS SKIN TEXTURE LENTICEL DAMAGE MATURITY TASTE & FLAVOUR FLESH COLOUR FLESH TEXTURE SHIPPING AND STORAGE ABILITY MALUMA HASS A MODERATE NONE 150 400G PYRIFORM PURPLE-BLACK SHINY OBOVATE WITH FLAT BASE 10 15% 1 2 MM SEMI-ROUGH, PEBBLY AND LEATHERY TOLERANT 78% EXCELLENT, RICH AND TASTY CREAMY-YELLOW WITH LIGHT GREEN RIND SMOOTH AND SLIGHT FIBRE EXCELLENT AND ACCEPTABLE HASS A SEVERE MODERATE 100 330G OBOVATE REDDISH-PURPLE DULL OBOVATE 20 25% 1 2 MM SEMI-ROUGH, LIGHT PEBBLY AND LEATHERY SUSCEPTIBLE 77% EXCELLENT, RICH AND NUTTY CREAMY-YELLOW WITH LIGHT GREEN RIND SMOOTH AND SLIGHT FIBRE EXCELLENT AND GOOD
TABLE 3 COMPARISON BETWEEN RESISTANCE TO FRUIT DISEASES AND INCIDENCE OF DISORDERS CHARACTERISTICS CERCOSPERA ANTHRACNOSE RING NECK PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS INSECT TOLERANCE MALUMA HASS RESISTANT TOLERANT STRESS RELATED, SMALL FRUIT ASSOCIATED LESS SIGNIFICANT NEGLIGIBLE IF MANAGED FAIRLY TOLERANT HASS RESISTANT TOLERANT STRESS RELATED, SMALL FRUIT ASSOCIATED NEGLIGIBLE IF MANAGED FAIRLY TOLERANT
PRODUCTION (KG) 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 2601.9 MALUMA HASS vs HASS CUMULATIVE PRODUCTION & INCOME PER HECTARE $3,942.29 15146.2 466.7 $13,327.95 6260.8 32062.5 $8,826.96 $29,450.87 21619.5 53132 $19,213.37 2 $364.20 3 $2,789.47 4 5 AGE (YEAR) $41,041.61 36363 Maluma - Kg/Ha Hass - Kg/Ha Maluma - Income / Ha Hass - Income / Ha $45,000.00 $40,000.00 $35,000.00 $30,000.00 $25,000.00 $20,000.00 $15,000.00 $10,000.00 $5,000.00 $0.00 IN C O M E (U S $ )
CONCLUSIONS MALUMA HASS SUCCESSFULLY RELEASED FROM THE BREEDNG AND SELECTION PROGRAM OF ALLESBESTE NURSERY, SOUTH AFRICA MALUMA HASS IS AN EARLY BEARING TRIANGULAR SHAPED THRIFTY UPRIGHT GROWING TREE WITH A NATURAL CENTRAL LEADER AND LATERAL BRANCHING, ALLOWING FOR GOOD LIGHT PENETRATION AND HIGH PRODUCTIVITY
MALUMA HASS IS PRECOCIOUS, WITH A HIGH AND CONSTANT BEARING PATTERN ANNUALLY SIGNIFICANTLY OUTPERFORMS HASS, ON A PLANT DENSITY OF 400 TREES PER HECTARE, ON PRODUCTION AND INCOME PRODUCTIVE WITHOUT THE USE OF GROWTH RETARDANTS WITH SUBSTANTIAL SAVING IN PRODUCTION COST COULD BE CONSIDERED FOR HIGH-DENSITY PLANTINGS
MALUMA HASS HAS A BETTER COUNT DISTRIBUTION THAN HASS BEING AN EARLY FRUITING CULTIVAR IT CAN SUCCESSFULLY EXTEND THE HASS SEASON BY ONE MONTH
MALUMA HASS IS EITHER RESISTANT OR TOLERATES THE MOST IMPORTANT FRUIT DISEASES AND DISORDERS ON FRUIT APPEARANCE, QUALITY AND TASTE MALUMA HASS COMPARES VERY FAVOURABLE WITH HASS FULL EXPORT CULTIVAR STATUS IN SOUTH AFRICA SINCE END 2006 - EXPORTS WELL ACCEPTED BY TESCO (A LEADING U.K. SUPERMARKET) FOR ITS RIPE-AND-READY PROGRAMMES
ALLESBESTE NURSERY HOLDS THE PLANT BREEDER S RIGHTS FOR MALUMA HASS UNDER REGISTRATION NUMBER ZA 20043215 THE REGISTRATION FOR PLANT BREEDER S RIGHTS IS PENDING IN NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA
MALUMA-HASS THANK YOU REG. NO. ZA 20043215