Cortes and Pizarro, Columbian Exchange, and Colonial Empires
Arrival of Spanish to Mexico Cortes came in 1519 Claimed land for Spain s king and queen He took 11 ships, 100 sailors, 500 soldiers, cannons, guns, and horses He met Aztec Ruler- Montezuma. Montezuma believed that Cortez was the pale, bearded god, Quetzalcoatl.
Spanish Conquest of the Aztecs The native/conquered peoples had to pay tribute (sacrifices) & taxes to Montezuma. They wanted their freedom. Cortez wanted riches and gold! Aztecs HELPED Cortez defeat Montezuma ( Z in both Cortez & Montezuma) Advanced weapons & diseases helped Spain conquer the Aztecs
Spanish Arrive in S. America Francisco Pizarro lands on coast of Peru with a crew of 167. He soon met the Incas and their ruler, Atahualpa. Atahualpa was not worried about this small crew of Spaniards even though they had strange weapons, horses and soldiers. Pizarro s men climbed the Andes Mtns., they agreed to meet Atahualpa. At the meeting, they arrested Atahualpa and kept him prisoner for 8 mos. Atahualpa agree to give them gold and silver in exchange for his freedom. Pizarro went back on his word. Once he received the gold & silver, he had Atahualpa executed. The Incan Empire was taken down by 167 men.
Europeans Establish Control - Incan empire now destroyed. All the gold and silver melted down. - Spanish took over Incan territory (most of S. America) - Soon after Spain s conquest of these mighty empires, Portugal sent explorers who took over Brazil
Quick Review What advantages did the Spanish have over the Aztecs and the Incas? The Spanish soldiers had steel swords, armor, guns, and cannons, as well as horses. Most importantly they also had Native American allies. What proved to be the most deadly for the Aztecs and the Incas? Why? Small pox and other diseases from Europe killed millions of Native Americans. Native Americans had no immunity to because it had never before existed in the Americas. Most of the Native American population died because of diseases brought by the Europeans.
Founding of New Spain Spain set up new villages & a different (European) way of life The European settlers brought animals not native to Latin America- horse, cattle, pigs New trades- iron smithing, ship building Christianity Europeans were now converting native population to Christianity (Roman Catholicism) God, Glory, and Gold!
Influence of the church Missionaries set up new churches, hospitals, schools The Native Americans who survived the European diseases had to give up their religion, languages & way of life
Columbian Exchange Pros Blended culture Easier trade Introduced NEW foods, animals, medicines and minerals Cons Disease Slavery Conflict/war
What resources did the Europeans introduce to Americas during the Columbian Exchange? Europe Americas Horse Pig Cows Wheat Oranges minerals
What resources did the Americas introduce to Europeans during the Columbian Exchange? Americas Cacao Corn Potatoes Chili peppers Medication Llamas Tortillas Europe
Colonial Americas Spanish and Portuguese settled in S. America Most of the Native Americans died from disease brought by Europeans. The settlers needed workers and turned to Africa. Europeans made Africans into slaves to farm their plantations (sugar cane) - Europeans got wealthy from resources in their colonies
Many ideas, goods & customs were exchanged but unfortunately so were people The natives of Latin America were first used to work the farms. But when European diseases killed most of the workers, European land owners turned to Africa and began using slaves. This was in the 1700-1800s. The Columbian Exchange of the 1400-1600s transformed into the Triangular Trade in the 1700-1800s when Africa became included in the trade
Who will fight for independence? Money made from S. American colonies and goods were sent back to Spain and Portugal Mestizos and mulattos (white & black heritage) wanted change- treated like slaves S. Am. decides to fight for independence.