Geographic diversity and the political, economic, social life of the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies

Geographic diversity and the political, economic, social life of the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies

New England Colonies New Hampshire Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode Island

New England Colonies Geography KNOWN FOR: rocky soil excellent harbors (ports) short growing season Shipbuilding

New England Colonies Politics in each town/village of the 4 colonies Town meeting = everyone in the town gathers and makes decisions a perfect example of democracy Economics lumber, shipbuilding, trading mercantilism means sending raw materials to the mother country and receiving finished products in return = lose $

New England colonies participated in the Triangular Trade Route in which rum and lumber are sent from New England to West Africa and exchanged for slaves, slaves are sent to the West Indies and exchanged for molasses and sugar, molasses and sugar are sent to New England. Slaves transported from West Africa to the West Indies endured the Middle Passage in which the conditions were horrendous and millions of innocent people died.

Triangular Trade

Middle Passage The ship voyage of slaves from Africa to the Americas

Social Life New England Colonies Pilgrims (Mayflower) and Puritans set up self governing colonies in Massachusetts Religious dissenters set up colonies in Rhode Island and Connecticut The Salem Witch Trials occurred in the Puritan colony of Massachusetts Bay The Puritans arrived in the New World seeking religious freedom, but did not grant religious freedom to any other groups. Large impact on education for religious reasons. So people could read the bible.

Pilgrims Arrive in 1620 on the Mayflower Found the Plymouth Colony Separated from Church of England Never prosecuted anyone for witchcraft Approx ½ of the 102 members died the first year

We,... Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid: And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience. Mayflower Compact, 1620 http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/medieval/magframe.htm Created a tradition of direct democracy

Puritans Arrived in 1630 Formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony Remained members of the Church of England, but wanted a more PURE version Prosecuted and executed people for witchcraft Founded Boston

Middle Colonies New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware

KNOWN FOR: Middle Colonies Geography Medium growing climate Very few good ports (ex/ New York) Trade and industry

Middle Colonies Politics Pennsylvania is an example of a proprietary colony (William Penn was the proprietor) William Penn worked closely with the American Indians in the area to share the land Pennsylvania was one of the most tolerant colonies

Middle Colonies Economics Mercantilism was enforced after the French and Indian War. This policy benefited the mother country, England, and caused the colonies to lose money. The Middle Colonies grew grains such as wheat and corn and raised livestock.

Middle Colonies Social Life There were 4 major social groups in the Middle Colonies: the gentry, those individuals with large farms the middle class,, the merchants and traders and those individuals with medium sized farms the indentured servants, those who agreed to work for a number of years in return to passage to the New World the slaves, generally few in number

Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Southern Colonies Geography KNOWN FOR: long growing season, perfect for tobacco, rice mosquitoes and types of crops led to slavery lots of fertile land, spread out, small farms and many fewer plantations.

Southern Colonies Politics Jamestown, 1607, was the first permanent British colony in the New World

Southern Colonies Politics, continued Jamestown began as a joint- stock colony, the colonists were sent to Jamestown to make money for the joint-stock company. The colonists, all male, simply looked for gold and forgot to plant crops for food. They almost all died in the first year.

Southern Colonies In 1619, the House of Burgesses was created as the first British representative assembly in the New World. This was a perfect example of a representative democracy or a republican type of government.

Southern Colonies The Carolinas began as a proprietary colony, the land of the Eight Lords Proprietors. The Carolinas split into two colonies, North Carolina and South Carolina, and eventually the King took control of the two colonies. North and South Carolina were then royal colonies.

Southern Colonies Politics, continued Bacon s s Rebellion, 1676, illustrated the anger of the western farmers against the established, coastal gentry. It reduced the power of the royal governor (Virginia had become a royal colony and was no longer a joint-stock colony) and gave more power to local self government.

Southern Colonies Economics the development of tobacco saved Jamestown from financial ruin and led to the plantation system. participated in mercantilism, sent tobacco to England and received chewing tobacco and other tobacco products in return

Southern Colonies Social Life There were 4 major groups the landed gentry, the plantation owners the very few merchants and many small farmers the indentured servants who worked for a set number of years in return for free passage slaves, who outnumbered the free in most colonies The first colony established as a refuge for Catholics was Maryland, Mary s s Land.

Southern Colonies Plantations: Large farms usually specializing in one major cash crop requiring a large number of slaves.

What can we learn from this chart?

Review Questions 1. In which region of the colonies would a person most likely make their living in the iron industry? A. New England Colonies B. Middle Colonies C. Southern Colonies D. Northern Colonies

Review Questions 1. Which group wanted to reform, or purify, the Anglican Church? A. Catholics B. Quakers C. Pilgrims D. Puritans

Review Questions 1. What three points made up the triangle trade route? A. America, Great Britain, Africa B. America, Africa, Europe C. West Indies, Great Britain, Africa D. West Indies, America, Africa